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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Deterioration of protein fraction by Maillard reaction in dietetic milks.

The development of the Maillard reaction in pasteurized, UHT and in-bottle sterilized dietetic milks was studied. In these products damage caused by heat treatments could increase as a result either of the addition of various ingredients or of manufacturing processes that alter their content of reducing carbohydrates. Protein damage was evaluated by measuring furosine by reversed-phase ion-paired HPLC. The levels of furosine detected made it possible to assess the amounts of biologically unavailable lysine. In all milks analysed blocked lysine values were < 340-350 mg/g total lysine, the level at which lysine becomes the limiting amino acid in milk. Pasteurized dietetic milks had levels of blocked lysine similar to that in ordinary pasteurized cows' milk. In some UHT and in-bottle sterilized dietetic milks their different composition resulted in an increase in the blocked lysine content. In some in-bottle sterilized milks, protein damage greatly reduces the beneficial effects of milk as a dietary supplement. Lactose-free milks, which are more susceptible to protein deterioration because of their higher content of reducing carbohydrates, were also analysed after storage at 20 degrees C and at < or = 4 degrees C. At the end of their recommended storage times, they contained limited amounts of blocked lysine only if they had been stored at < or = 4 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Information sessions for outpatients referred to a hospital Nutrition and Dietetic Service for cholesterol lowering advice.

AIM: To assess the feasibility of recruiting outpatients referred for cholesterol lowering advice to attend a 1-h evening information session provided by a hospital dietitian and to evaluate the service. METHOD: A Cholesterol Information Session was held on one evening each month between April and September 2000. Patients referred to the Nutrition and Dietetic Service for cholesterol lowering advice were sent appointments for these sessions by post instead of a one-to-one daytime appointment with the dietitian. At the session, the dietitian explained what cholesterol is and gave advice about the healthy eating and lifestyle changes needed to control it. Video material and literature were used to support verbal information. Questions were encouraged throughout the session. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were sent appointments. Twenty-seven (79%) attended, 10 of whom were accompanied by a spouse/partner/carer/family member. All patients who attended completed evaluation forms. There was a high level of satisfaction with the sessions. Twenty-six patients (96%) said they liked the way the session was run and found the advice and videos helpful. Twenty-five patients (93%) preferred the evening appointment to a day time one. Patients who attended with a spouse/partner/carer/family member indicated it was helpful to them and the accompanying person. Feedback through patient comments was positive. The seven patients (21%) who did not attend the sessions made contact with the dietetic service. CONCLUSION: As a result of the positive outcome of the evaluation, the Cholesterol Information Session is continuing as a service to patients. It provides a facility outside the usual hours of outpatient services and can readily accommodate accompanying people. The information session uses the group format, which may be applicable to other specialist areas of the Nutrition and Dietetic service in the future, such as diabetes management.

After-Hours Care↗
PubMed2001

Can malnutrition in predialysis patients be prevented by dietetic intervention?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to discover if the documented decline in nutritional status in predialysis patients could be prevented by dietetic intervention. DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective interventional study. SETTING: General hospital nephrology clinic. PATIENTS: Eleven patients with progressive chronic renal failure not yet requiring dialysis, all with creatinine clearance below 25 mL/min were studied. Mean age was 63.9 +/- 14.5 years. INTERVENTION: Patients received nutritional counseling from a renal dietitian on at least 3 occasions over a period of 6 months. Following assessment, patients were advised on dietary changes according to individual need, aiming for adequate energy intake to achieve or maintain a body mass index of 20 to 25 and protein intake of 0.8 to 1.0 g/kg/d. Dietary supplements were prescribed when necessary. OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in nutritional status were assessed by Subjective Global Assessment, anthropometric measures (weight, triceps skinfold thickness, mid arm muscle circumference, and grip strength), and biochemical markers (serum albumin, serum transferrin, and insulin-like growth factor-1). RESULTS: None of the patients showed decline in Subjective Global Assessment category, and 2 of the patients improved. All anthropometric and biochemical measures of nutritional status were stable or increased over the course of the study, and mid arm muscle circumference increased significantly (P <.05), contrasting with published data showing a decline in these measures in patients not receiving dietetic intervention. CONCLUSION: With dietetic intervention, it may be possible to maintain or improve nutritional status in this group.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical Tips: The New Commission on Dietetic Registration/Professional Development Portfolio Process: You're in the Driver's Seat.

After more than 25 years of credentialing dietetic professionals, the Commission on Dietetic Registration is revising the format for logging continuing professional education. As of 2001, the new system will be phased in over 5 years. Each registered dietetic professional will now plan a course of continuing education to meet personal and professional growth needs. This is a very exciting process and one that has many asking questions of "why, how, when, and where." This article is designed to put a perspective on the new process.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Red Deer Regional Dietetic Services Program.

The Regional Dietetic Services Program coordinated by the Red Deer Regional Hospital Centre is described. The Program became a reality in June 1978, in response to requests for professional dietetic assistance from the rural hospitals located in Central Alberta. The program objectives were defined, standards were determined, duties and responsibilities of Red Deer Regional Hospital Centre (the 'Agency') and the 'User' hospital were clarified, and a yearly contract was established. The dietetic consulting program was then presented to interested rural administrators and board members. When the first commitment was received, the Red Deer Regional Hospital Centre hired a part-time dietitian to implement the program. As a spin-off benefit, this program provided an avenue through which a dietitian could participate part-time in the professional and contribute to the community in a rewarding way.

Alberta↗
PubMed2003

[Possible interesting dietetic effects of lactulose as a feed additive in pig feed].

In reared piglets (n = 10), fattening pigs (n = 20) and sows (n = 8) the effects of lactulose as feed additive on the quality and composition of chyme and faeces were tested to find out potential dietetic advantages of its use. The lactulose concentration in the diets varied between 27-29 g/kg dry matter in piglets and fattening pigs and 55-140 g/kg dry matter in the diet of sows. In piglets and fattening pigs the lactulose intake did not alter the dry matter content and pH in faeces; in spite of the higher concentration lactulose did not result in diarrhea in sows or adult minipigs, there was only a slight decrease in the dry matter content of faeces. In contrast to findings in human beings only traces of lactulose reached the hind gut, although higher lactulose concentrations were measured at the end of the small intestine (in piglets: 10-40 g, in fattening pigs 40-70 g lactulose per kg dry matter of chyme). The oral intake of lactulose did not increase the concentration of lactic acid or volatile fatty acids in the content of the small intestine and did not reduce the pH in the chyme, but in the contents of cecum and colon ascendens higher concentrations of volatile fatty acids were measured (in piglets: significantly higher values, in fattening pigs slightly increased concentrations). In piglets as well as in fattening pigs lactulose resulted in reduced concentrations of ammonia in the content of small and large intestine, further more the concentrations of lipopolysaccharides were increased in the colonal chyme, when pigs ingested the lactulose containing diet. Due to the fact that only small amounts of lactulose reached the hind gut there are doubts, whether lactulose has comparable dietetic effects in pigs as known from human beings (for example laxative effects, forced elimination of bacteria like salmonella). The results obtained here in pigs underline the necessity of experimental studies in the target species (including parameters of digestive physiology, chemical/microbial composition of the chyme) before substances are used and recommended for dietetic purposes in feeding practice. In spite of generally adopted similarity of the alimentary tract in pigs and human beings there are eventually some important differences within the intestine, its digestive capacity or in reactions on ingested substances leading to unexpected results.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dietetic assessment of patients with gastroenterologic diseases at the out-patient service of the Institute National of Sciences Medicine and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran].

UNLABELLED: Assessment of dietetic management is necessary for detection/correction of faults and best care of patients. AIM: Our aim was to evaluate dietetic management and nutritional status of gastroenterologic patients. METHODS: Anthropometric, clinical-nutritional, biochemical, and dietetic parameters were assessed in 110 patients (150 with liver cirrhosis [LC], 30 with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and 30 with chronic and skin. In CP, prescribed energy, g and % carbohydrates and lipids were less than ideal and proteins were greater; in cirrhotics, less proteins and a great % of carbohydrates were prescribed; in IBD fewer lipids and more proteins than ideal were prescribed. Cirrhotics usually consumed less fat (g) and more proteins than prescribed, and patients with CP and IBD a greater amount of carbohydrates than prescribed. Cirrhotics consumed more % carbohydrates and < % lipids than ideal; CP patients lipid intake was less and protein intake above ideal and in IBD, carbohydrate intake was greater and lipid intake lower than ideal. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were not useful for assessment of these patients. Prescribed diet was too restricted regarding proteins in LC and was inadequate in energy/nutrients in patients with CP. Fewer lipids and more proteins were prescribed in IBD. The inadequacy of prescripted diet, lack of information regarding the person who prescribed it, and lack of constant supervision may cause non-adherence to diet and thus may affect nutritional status.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The effects of dietetic hyperlipidemia on the development of testes and penises in male New Zealand rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of dietetic hyperlipidemia on the development of testes and penises in male New Zealand rabbits. METHODS: The animal model of dietetic hyperlipidemia was established by feeding 36 male New Zealand rabbits which were divided into the test group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 16) at random with rich fat. The concentration of TC, TG, HDL-C as well as LDL-C was determined by using automatic biochemistry analyzer. Radioimmunoassay methods were used to measure the level of T, LH and FSH as well. Alterations of testicular and penial development in morphology were observed by HE staining. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, concentrations of TC, TG and LDL-C increased dramatically as well as the levels of T, LH and FSH decreased obviously. There are significant differences between the two groups (P <0.01). Compared with the control group, the penial length was short (P < 0.05) and testicular coefficient declined (P < 0.01) in the test group. With light microscope, the following phenomenon was manifestly detected: the sabotage of spermatogenic epithelium and the adipocyte sedimentation of the penial tissue. CONCLUSION: It is obvious that intaking a large quantity of food with rich fat from juvenile would induce dietetic hyperlipidemia, result in the functional disorder of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, and leads to short penis in development and the damage of spermatogenesis function as well.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

[Correlations between dietetic fiber and serum levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol].

We have studied 10 male subjects, in good health to look for a probable correlation between dietetic fibre and serum concentration of total cholesterol, cholesterol-HDL and triglycerides. The dosages have been made before and immediately after that the subjects had assumed, with a diet, during 13 weeks, 10 g for day of dietetic fibre. The results show a significative statistical decrease and increase. Show a significative statistical decrease (p less than 0,025) of total cholesterol and that in agreement with the literature, and an increase (p less than 0,0125) of cholesterol-HDL. Consequently it's possible to affirm that the dietetic fibre has an antiatherogenic capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Nutritional investigations and dietetic note-book. An instrument to establish the diet of hyperlipidemic patients (author's transl)].

Whenever an excess of blood lipoids is revealed by laboratory tests, investigations should be conducted along two lines: etiological, aimed at detecting an underlying disease amenable to treatment, and dietetic, aimed at determining the patient's calorie intake. In every case, dietetic measures should begin with a normal-lipid, alcohol-free diet providing a number of calories adapted to the patient's weight. Calorie restriction is achieved at the expense of carbohydrates. This adaptation phase usually lasts 2 months. It is made easier by dietetic note-books where the amounts of each food are expressed as parts containing either 10 g of lipids or 10 g of glucides, and where fats are divided into predominantly saturated and unsaturated and glucides into slowly and rapidly absorbed. The problem of adapting the diet to the various types of hyperlipaemias is discussed. In most cases serum lipoprotein levels return to normal after 2 months of adequate diet, but it is essential to reeducate the patients in their eating habits, since successful re-education may help to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Diet, Reducing↗
PubMed1994

[Nutritional problems in cirrhotic patients. Evaluation of dietetic aspects].

The aim of the study was to evaluate: a) the influence of the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis on the alimentary behaviour of cirrhotic patients; b) the compliance and the effect during observation-time of a personalized diet; c) the modifications, induced by the diet, of some clinical and biochemical parameters, specifically of these correlated to hepatic encephalopathy in 20 non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients. They were entered the study, in stage A-B of liver disease, according to Child-Pugh criteria. No patients received a previous specific dietetic prescription. After the collection of the alimentary intake before and after the diagnosis of liver disease, we prescribed normoprotein and hyposodium diets, reducing or increasing the caloric intake for the patients who were not at their ideal weight. From our study it stands out that the diagnosis induced all patients to reduce their caloric intake, especially of lipids. The appropriate dietetic prescription followed by short run controls led to a general improvement of the evaluated parameters, which was not kept during the following months; as a matter of fact, at the long run control all patients tended to return to their previous alimentary habits, neglecting, in the course of time, the diets they had been prescribed. We can, consequently, maintain that the cirrhotic needs a steady clinical and dietetic control since he seems to undervalue the prescribed therapies.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

[Dietetic prevention in elderly in France].

Beside effects of dietetic recommendations on cellular or tissular ageing, dietetic prevention in elderly aims, at avoiding nutritional deficiencies in healthy old individuals and thus, the occurrence of induced diseases. Requirements of healthy housebound elderly are not different from those of adults but, more than in adults, diet's quality and palatability are important to insure maintenance of intakes. Beyond these advises, dietetic prevention in geriatrics requires screening of physical, psychical and social handicaps frequently observed in very old persons. Their additional effects could deeply modify dietary balance, especially during an acute intercurrent disease or following modifications of the environment. The practitioner's part is essential in preventing malnutrition in an old person impaired by chronic diseases: preventing the outcome of a denutrition to an irreversible state may avoid a medical and social decompensation leading to institutionalisation.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Collaborative study of the determination of sodium in dietetic foods by the sodium ion electrode method.

The dietetic food sample is diluted with total ionic strength adjusted buffer. The electrode potential of the sample is measured, known increments of sodium are added, and the electrode potential is measured after each addition. The mv readings obtained are plotted on Gran's paper and the concentration of sodium in the sample is found from the intercept of the extrapolated straight line. Seven processed dietetic vegetables and 2 spiked samples were sent to 7 collaborators. There was a 95.8% agreement between the results from the 7 collaborators and the Associate Referee for the unfortified samples. Recoveries of 98.5 and 95.1% were obtained on fortified samples, based on results from 5 collaborators. The statistical analysis indicates minimal bias and adequate precision for determination of sodium in dietetic food at the current regulatory requirements. The method has been adopted as official first action.

Diet, Sodium-Restricted↗
PubMed1998

[Evolution of the nutritional status of patients with HIV-AIDS. Effects of socioeconomic situation and dietetic counseling].

OBJECTIVES: To know HIV-AIDS patient's nutritional status in different infection's condition and their relation with the socioeconomic situation and, in that case, the nutritional condition improvement through the dietetic advice appropriated for each patient. METHODS: Prospective study of 79 patients with HIV-AIDS diagnostic in any illness's condition and recopilation of anthropometrics and biochemical variables. At the beginning of the study we got data about socioeconomic situation of patient with a scale of 1 to 5 points each variable and an score top of 35. In the survivors we checked, after dietetic advice, the variables at 6 and 12 months by sanitary personal (physician and nurse) who weren't implicated in direct assistance. The study was analyzed by Student "T" for matched data and the simple correlation test. RESULTS: We have objectivated a lost of initial weight over their habitual's with a progressive impairment in different stage of evolution that weren't modified by dietetic advice. We didn't observed significant variations in the biochemical variables included in advances states and in parameters which are usually affected in malnutrition. In the analysis of relation between nutritional condition and socioeconomic factors, it was estimated a lesser score, that was statistically significative, in patients who had a work, family situation and an affective upset positive. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained induce to think that the nutritional advices appropriated for each patient are not related, in our series, with progressive deterioration of anthropometrics variables, neither biochemical parameters fluctuations at 6, 12 months of follow-up. The patient's socioeconomic situation is not influenced by nutritional condition except for the work, affectivity and family environment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Position of the American Dietetic Association: integration of medical nutrition therapy and pharmacotherapy.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that the application of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and lifestyle counseling as a part of the Nutrition Care Process is an integral component of the medical treatment for management of specific disease states and conditions and should be the initial step in the management of these situations. If optimal control cannot be achieved with MNT alone and concurrent pharmacotherapy is required, then The Association promotes a team approach to care for clients receiving concurrent MNT and pharmacotherapy and encourages active collaboration among dietetics professionals and other members of the health care team. There are a number of medical conditions, many of them chronic, that will respond to MNT and, therefore, MNT should be the first intervention for these conditions. In addition to being a vital element of the optimal management and control of these conditions, MNT is also a cost-effective method of management. However, because of the long-term nature of these conditions, concurrent pharmacotherapy may become necessary to achieve or maintain optimal control. In cases where this is necessary, MNT should continue to be an integral component of the therapy because it may complement or enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for multiple medications. The utilization of a coordinated multidisciplinary team approach is critical to the success of the concurrent use of MNT and pharmacotherapy because of the long-term duration of the treatments, the necessity of monitoring compliance and effectiveness, and the likelihood of multiple medication-nutrient interactions.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2004

Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners.

Sweeteners elicit pleasurable sensations with (nutritive) or without (nonnutritive) energy. Nutritive sweeteners (eg, sucrose, fructose) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), yet concern exists about increasing sweetener intakes relative to optimal nutrition and health. Dietary quality suffers at intakes above 25% of total energy (the Institutes of Medicine's suggested maximal intake level). In the United States, estimated intakes of nutritive sweeteners fall below this, although one in four children (ages 9 to 18 years) can surpass this level. Polyols (sugar alcohols), GRAS-affirmed or petitions filed for GRAS, add sweetness with reduced energy and functional properties to foods/beverages and promote dental health. Five nonnutritive sweeteners with intense sweetening power have FDA approval (acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose) and estimated intakes below the Acceptable Daily Intake (level that a person can safely consume everyday over a lifetime without risk). By increasing palatability of nutrient-dense foods/beverages, sweeteners can promote diet healthfulness. Scientific evidence supports neither that intakes of nutritive sweeteners by themselves increase the risk of obesity nor that nutritive or nonnutritive sweeteners cause behavioral disorders. However, nutritive sweeteners increase risk of dental caries. High fructose intakes may cause hypertriglyceridemia and gastrointestinal symptoms in susceptible individuals. Thus, it is the position of The American Dietetic Association that consumers can safely enjoy a range of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners when consumed in a diet that is guided by current federal nutrition recommendations, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary References Intakes, as well as individual health goals. Dietetics professionals should provide consumers with science-based information about sweeteners and support research on the use of sweeteners to promote eating enjoyment, optimal nutrition, and health.

Absorption↗
PubMed2004

Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: nutrition and women's health.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) and Dietitians of Canada (DC) that women have specific nutritional needs and vulnerabilities and, as such, are at unique risk for various nutrition-related diseases and conditions. Therefore, the ADA and the DC strongly support research, health promotion activities, health services, and advocacy efforts that will enable women to adopt desirable nutrition practices for optimal health. Women are at risk for numerous chronic diseases and conditions that affect the duration and quality of their lives. Although women's health-related issues are multifaceted, nutrition has been shown to influence significantly the risk of chronic disease and to assist in maintaining optimal health status. Dietetics professionals strongly support research, health promotion activities, health services, and advocacy efforts that will enable women to adopt desirable nutrition practices for optimal health.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Position paper of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition across the spectrum of aging.

It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that older Americans receive appropriate care; have broadened access to coordinated, comprehensive food and nutrition services; and receive the benefits of ongoing research to identify the most effective food and nutrition programs, interventions, and therapies across the spectrum of aging. Food and water and nutritional well-being are essential to the health, self-sufficiency, and quality of life for the fast growing, heterogeneous, multiracial, and ethnic populations of older adults. Many people, as they age, remain fully independent and actively engaged in their communities; however, others fare less well and need more support. A broad array of appropriate, culturally sensitive food and nutrition services, physical activities, and health and supportive care customized to the population of older adults are necessary. National, state, and local policies that promote coordination and integration of food and nutrition services into health and supportive systems are needed to maintain independence, functional ability, chronic disease management, and quality of life. Dietetics professionals can take the lead by researching and developing national, state, and local collaborative networks to incorporate effectively the food and nutrition services across the spectrum of aging.

Aged↗