Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DIAPER RASH”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[The occurrence of nappy rash at a children's hospital and its treatment with Canesten (author's transl)].

An unselected, mycologically-controlled trial was conducted at the University Children's Hospital of Graz on the treatment of nappy rash by the topical application of Canesten (clotrimazole), a broad-spectrum mycotic in the form of a 1% cream. 56 children, ranging in age from 3 weeks to 41/2 years, were treated for thrush, principally located in the genital area. Only some of the children were admitted primarily on account of the oral and/or perianal moniliasis. The majority of the children were hospitalized for some other reason and thrush was diagnosed as an accompanying condition. Candida albicans proved to be the most frequent pathogenic organism. The results of therapy were judged according to mycological and clinical criteria. The mycological findings became negative in 54 out of the 56 children. Clinical improvement was apparent in all cases between the 5th and 10th day of therapy; complete recovery occurred between the 5th and 25th day, depending on the extent and localization of the moniliasis. One child showed improvement in, but not recovery from the disease, because therapy was interrupted on premature discharge from hospital. Therapy was unsuccessful in the remaining child, although slight improvement occurred. Tolerance was good in all patients on application of Canesten cream thrice daily.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

The frequency of common skin conditions in preschool-aged children in Australia: seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis capitis (cradle cap).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and severity of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis capitis in Australian preschool-aged children. DESIGN: A stratified cross-sectional skin survey using cluster sampling of centers throughout Victoria, Australia. SETTING: The study population included children attending child care centers, preschools, and Maternal and Child Health Centers, with the reference population being Australian children 5 years and younger. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 1,634 children in the original sample, 1.116 children aged 11 days to 5 years 11 months were included in the study. INTERVENTION: Parents completed a questionnaire recording demographic information and personal and family history of skin problems and related diseases. A dermatologist performed a total skin examination, including the diaper area for children younger than 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The age- and sex-specific prevalence rates and site and severity of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis capitis were measured. RESULTS: The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis was 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2%-11.7%): 10.4% (95% CI, 7.8%-12.9%) in boys and 9.5% (95% CI, 7.0%-12.0%) in girls. This was highest in the first 3 months of life, decreasing rapidly by the age of 1 year, after which it slowly decreased over the next 4 years. Most (71.9%) had disease classified as minimal to mild. Pityriasis capitis occurred in 41.7% (95% CI, 38.8%-44.6%) of the 1,116 children examined, with 85.8% categorized as minimal to mild only. CONCLUSIONS: Seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis capitis are common in early childhood. Most children have minimal to mild disease that would require little if any treatment. Education programs directed at those caring for preschool-aged children are needed to provide information on simple preventative measures and treatment, if necessary, that could easily reduce the morbidity associated with these very common conditions.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of diaper dermatitis in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Diaper dermatitis is the most common dermatologic disorder of infancy. This study evaluates the frequency of outpatient visits resulting in this diagnosis, specialties of physicians providing services, demographics of patients, and leading agents used in treatment. DESIGN: Records of 272,841 encounters from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1990-1997) were examined for visits in which diaper dermatitis was diagnosed in children. The likelihood of diagnosis in the general pediatric population was calculated and the leading treatment agents were ranked. RESULTS: There were approximately 8.2 million visits in which diaper dermatitis was diagnosed. For the pediatric population in the at-risk age range, there was a 1 in 4 likelihood of being diagnosed with the skin disorder. Pediatricians provided 75% of services for the treatment of diaper dermatitis; the demographics of patients were similar to those of comparably aged individuals in the general population. Nystatin was the leading treatment agent prescribed (27% of visits), followed by clotrimazole (16%), a combination product of nystatin and triamcinolone (16%), hydrocortisone (8%), and a combination product of clotrimazole and betamethasone dipropionate (6%). CONCLUSIONS: Visits for diaper dermatitis are frequent, and pediatricians are the physicians most often called on to provide treatment. No portion of the pediatric population is disproportionately diagnosed. The frequent use of potent corticosteroids contained in combination agents is a potential target for improving the management of diaper dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

Infantile psoriasis.

We report 14 infants younger than 2 years of age with psoriasis vulgaris in order to call attention to the existence of infantile psoriasis. Three of the patients were noted to have psoriasis in the neonatal period; the onset may have been prenatal in one. In 13 of the 14 patients the site of onset was determined by the isomorphic effect (Köbners phenomenon). Although nail pitting is usually said to be infrequent in childhood psoriasis, 11 (79%) of our patients had typical psoriatic nail changes. Psoriasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of papulosquamous disorders in infants.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Evaluations of diapers containing absorbent gelling material with conventional disposable diapers in newborn infants.

We evaluated 149 infants diapered in either conventional cellulose core disposable diapers or diapers containing cellulose core with absorbent gelling material. The infants were evaluated from 1 day of age to 14 weeks of age for the prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis. We identified a low prevalence of diaper dermatitis throughout the study period. At 14 weeks of age, we noted that infants in diapers containing absorbent gelling material had significantly less diaper dermatitis than those in conventional disposable diapers. Despite the overall low prevalence of diaper dermatitis in the newborn period, 7 of 204 infants evaluated had small skin erosions in the diaper area noted within the first 4 days of age. Both diaper types were associated with infants with erosions. This surprisingly high incidence of erosions in newborn infants suggests previously undocumented increased skin fragility of full-term infants.

Diaper Rash↗
PubMed1995

Influence of lactobacilli on the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans to fibers and epithelial cells.

The ability of organisms to adhere to and form biofilms on fibrous materials is believed to be an important initiating step in the induction of several diseases, such as toxic shock syndrome. Using an in vitro assay, a moderately hydrophobic strain of Staphylococcus aureus (water contact angle 35 degrees) and a hydrophilic Candida albicans (shown by a hexadecane test) were highly adherent to commercial diaper fibers. The lumen side of the diaper was porous and the fibers were very hydrophobic (> 140 degrees), but the internal section was very hydrophilic (0 degrees), presumably for lus strains was present. Surfaces precoated with lactobacilli inhibited staphylococcal adhesion by 26-97%, and candida by 0-67%. When the lactobacilli were used to challenge adherent pathogens, there was 99% displacement of the S. aureus and up to 91% displacement of C. albicans. Hydrophobic L. acidophilus 76 (54 degrees) and T-13 (80 degrees) were the most effective of five Lactobacillus isolates tested at interference by precoating. The moderately hydrophilic L. casei var rhamnosus GR-1 (33 degrees) was the most effective at displacing the yeast. Experiments with uroepithelial cells also showed that the lactobacilli could significantly interfere with the adhesion of both pathogens to the cells. The results demonstrate the rapidity with which two pathogens adhered to fibers and epithelial cells, and raised the possibility that members of the normal female urogenital flora might interfere with infections caused by these organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Tribological and mycological consequences of the use of a miconazole nitrate-containing paste for the prevention of diaper dermatitis: an open pilot study.

UNLABELLED: The diaper environment increases the coefficient of skin friction and compromises the function of the stratum corneum. In this study, the tribological and mycological benefit of the use of a miconazole nitrate-containing paste on diapered skin was evaluated. A total of 135 instrumental measurements of both erythema and stratum corneum alterations were made on alternate days for 3 weeks in 15 infants. Biometrological parameters were the chromacity a* of the skin and the squamometry index. Cultures testing for Candida albicans were also performed. In the days following the use of the paste, the chromacity a*, the squamometry index and the number of positive cultures of C. albicans were significantly reduced compared to the same evaluations made off treatment. CONCLUSION: Miconazole nitrate-containing paste reduces the tribological interference between cloth diapers and skin as well as providing the diapered skin with an improved microbial environment.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2006

Hamamelis in children with skin disorders and skin injuries: results of an observational study.

Published clinical experience with hamamelis ointment in children is limited. This observational study included children (age 27 days to 11 years) with minor skin injuries, diaper dermatitis, or localized inflammation of skin. The children received either hamamelis ointment or dexpanthenol ointment in groups at a 3-to-1 ratio. Baseline and post-treatment assessments compared the total scores of predefined signs and symptoms for each condition. Physicians and parents were asked for a global assessment of efficacy and tolerability of the respective treatments at the end of therapy. A total of 309 children were treated (hamamelis n = 231; dexpanthenol n = 78). The treatment groups were comparable regarding demographic data and baseline total scores of signs and symptoms. In all three diagnosis groups, the efficacy of hamamelis and dexpanthenol was shown by a statistically significant and clinically relevant decrease of total scores from baseline to endpoint (p < 0.0001 for each group, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Overall, the results for the hamamelis and the dexpanthenol groups were similar. Descriptive advantages for the hamamelis group were observed for a number of parameters and diagnosis groups. Both treatments were well tolerated. Ratings of the tolerability of hamamelis were "excellent" or "good" in 99.1% (physicians) and 98.2% (parents) of cases, respectively. The corresponding ratings for dexpanthenol were 97.4 and 92.3%. In conclusion, hamamelis ointment is an effective and safe treatment for certain skin disorders in children up to the age of 11 years. The observed effects are similar to dexpanthenol.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmaceutical preparations. A review of drugs commonly used during the neonatal period.

Certified nurse-midwives, whose responsibility includes care of the newborn in the first days of life, should be well versed in the commonly used pharmaceutical preparations in the neonatal period. This article reviews therapeutic uses and the pharmacodynamics of vitamin K, as well as the neonatal eye preparations for prophylaxis of infections (silver nitrate, tetracycline, and erythromycin ophthalmic ointments). Preparations used in caring for the umbilical cord, as well as the commonly prescribed antibiotics ampicillin and gentamicin, are discussed. The narcotic antagonist naloxone is also reviewed, along with commonly used medications for colic and thrush. The etiology and clinical conditions that require the application of these medications are considered.

Candidiasis, Oral↗