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PubMed1992

Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic findings in a familial case of hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinentia pigmenti achromians).

Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic investigations were performed in a mother (M.B.) and her daughter (D.B.), who were both suffering from hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinentia pigmenti achromians; HI). Whereas quite normal chromosomal results could be obtained after culture of peripheral lymphocytes, a diploid/tetraploid mosaicism (46,XX/92,XXXX) was found in cultured skin-fibroblasts derived from a hypopigmented skin area of M.B., with a slowly decreasing tetraploidy rate in the course of passaging: #2 23%, #5 11%, #11 and #14 6% and #18 and #21 2%. In cultures of normally pigmented skin, only single tetraploid cells could be detected. Dermatoglyphic examinations in both patients showed single transverse creases, a high number of secondary creases and a longitudinal alignment of the main line A bilaterally, and there was a tricentric fingertip pattern on the right digit III of M.B., i.e. a pattern which occurs very seldom in human beings. The results are discussed in respect to the clinical-diagnostic overlap of HI and incontinentia pigmenti Bloch-Sulzberger.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dermatoglyphics in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Although fingerprints and handprints are widely used in criminology, it is only recently that this approach has been applied to the field of medical and genetic diagnoses. In order to investigate dermatoglyphics in Type 1 diabetes mellitus, quantitative characteristics of fingers and palms (ridge count and main line indices) as well as qualitative parameters such as digital and interdigital patterns, the position of the palmar axial triradii and main line courses were analysed in 88 male and 108 female Type 1 diabetic patients and compared with data from 100 male and 99 female normal controls. Type 1 diabetic patients show a lower third finger ridge count (p < 0.05) and a-b ridge count (p < 0.001) and higher transversality of the main lines as indicated by the main line index value (p < 0.001) or the ending of the main line A in a specific sector 5, 5', and 5" (p < 0.001) compared with controls. In addition, diabetic patients show higher frequency of palmar axial t' and t" triradii (p < 0.001) and a lower frequency of 'true' patterns in the fourth interdigital and thenar area (p < 0.001) than controls. By multivariate analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables a predictive value of 78.6% and 77.3%, respectively, for male, and 81.4% and 82.2%, respectively, for female Type 1 diabetic patients was found. In conclusion, dermatoglyphics seem to be an interesting tool for genetic studies related to Type 1 diabetes.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1979

Genetical studies of the palmar and sole patterns and some dermatoglyphic measurements in twins.

The within- and between-pair mean squares and means have been estimated for dermatoglyphic patterns on finger-tips, palms and soles and compared between samples of 110 MZ and 111 DZ twins of Polish origin. Dermatoglyphic patterns have been represented by topologically significant pattern elements (loops and triradii) on finger-tips, palms and soles, considered separately and in various combinations, ridge counts on finger-tips and on palms and several other palmar and sole measurements. Some genetic parameters such as: genetic variance (GCT) based on within and between mean squares of the two types of twins, the within-pair variance ratio and the covariance/variance ratio in MZ twins have also been obtained for all these traits and considered in relation to differences in respect of the total and between-pair variances and means for all specified characters. The highest values of genetic parameters have been obtained for pattern intensities and ridge counts on finger-tips, considered separately or combined, for the H hypothenar loop and the axial t triradii on palms, and for the majority of sole loops and triradii. The lowest values have been found for several palmar loops and measurements such as minutiae counts. These results are, in respect of some pattern elements, not in agreement with the estimated heritability based on correlations between other relatives. A comparison of genetic parameters for single loops or triradii and for their various combinations indicates that some pattern elements or their combinations may be each influenced by a specific genetic system which modifies their phenotypic expression. It is believed that the obtained results are, for some proportion of characters, clearly biased by inequality of the total variances in MZ and DZ twins.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

Dermatoglyphic and palmar-crease alterations as indicators of early intra-uterine insult in mental retardation.

A comparative study of unusual dermatoglyphic and palmar patterns revealed significant differences between the frequencies of certain patterns among 200 congenitally affected mentally retarded children and 500 normal controls. A scoring method demonstrating the significance of eight unusual patterns as non-specific indicators of early intra-uterine fetal insult was devised. 10 per cent of the children previously classified as idiopathically mentally retarded were shown to have been exposed to early intra-uterine insult. Dermatoglyphic and palmar-crease analysis should be included as a routine investigation for children with mental retardation of unknown cause.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Dermatoglyphics, fetal growth, and insulin dependent diabetes in children under 5 years.

Examination of dermatoglyphic patterns in 112 diabetic children under 5 years and matched controls found no difference between the groups. Either those developing diabetes under 5 do not experience the same genetic and environmental conditions that influence its development in later life or the dermatoglyphic abnormalities described in later onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus reflect the vast number of pattern formations available for study, which has inevitably led to some statistically significant associations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1973

Dermatoglyphics in children with acute leukaemia.

The dermatoglyphics of 135 children with acute leukaemia differed significantly from those of normal controls, and examination of 174 of the patients' first degree relatives indicated that familial factors were involved. The findings suggested that within the racial group studied dermatoglyphics may partly identify a population subgroup which is at increased risk of leukaemogenesis. While these observations may not have immediate clinical application, they are likely to contribute to a greater understanding of individuals who have increased constitutional susceptibility to leukaemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Dermatoglyphic patterns in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a case-control study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare digital and palmar dermatoglyphics in subjects with dementia of Alzheimer type and in mentally healthy elderly controls. DESIGN: This design was a case-control study. SETTING: The study was carried out in geriatric units and retirement communities in the Paris area. PARTICIPANTS: Cases were women with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer type dementia according to DSM III-R criteria (n = 82), mainly with late onset of the disease. Controls were women aged 85 years or older without cognitive deterioration (n = 76). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Finger and palm prints obtained from both hands by the classical ink method were examined. Fingerprints were classified into four types of figures. On palms, palmar flexion creases, palmar axial triradii, true patterns of the hypothenar area, and main line terminations were described. Examinations were performed by two examiners blind to the subjects's diagnostic category. For the different patterns studied, no major differences between dementia patients and elderly controls were found. Nor was there evidence of high frequencies of features commonly observed in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21), which have previously, though sporadically, been reported. CONCLUSIONS: On one of the largest samples of Alzheimer dementia patients studied, and with evaluation blind to diagnosis, no evidence has been found that particular dermatoglyphic patterns occur like those observed in Down's syndrome, a disease which is related to dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Dermatoglyphs and chromosome mosaicism in parents of children with trisomy 18.

Parents of patients with Down's syndrome show dermatoglyphic features intermediate between the affected and the normal population. Dermatoglyphs were studied on the parents of 19 cases of trisomy 18, but no similar "intermediate" traits were discovered. The number of cases studied needs to be enlarged before it can definitely be stated that trisomies 18 and 21 differ in this respect.

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18↗
PubMed1981

Dermatoglyphs in congenital heart disease.

The palmar dermatoglyphs of 800 patients with anatomically proven congenital heart disease were compared with prints from 1000 controls. A review of the previous studies revealed major technical deficiencies, and the present study failed to confirm most of the previously reported positive findings. An overall increase in the incidence of hypothenar patterns was found, probably explaining the previous suggestion of increased atd angle in congenital heart disease. A large number of statistical comparisons inevitably produced a few 'significant' results, most of which were inconsistent in various ways. Two percent of cases were found to have rare epidermal ridge malformation, ridge dissociation. The nature of the relationship between this and congenital heart disease is obscure. Claims that there are diagnostically useful dermatoglyphic changes in congenital heart disease can be disregarded.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1985

Dermatoglyphs in children with mitral valve prolapse.

The dermatoglyphs of 50 Singapore school children with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) were studied, with special reference to the frequency of digital arches. The MVP was diagnosed clinically and substantiated by two dimensional echocardiography. In the study there were 35 Chinese and 15 Malay children, with ages ranging from 6 to 19 years. Four Chinese children had one or more arches on the digits but none of the Malay children was found to have arches. It was shown that the frequency of arches on the digits was not significantly higher than that among 50 controls (who were shown not to have MVP on two dimensional echocardiography) or when compared with the frequency of arches among the Chinese and Malay population in Singapore (2.0% and 2.9% respectively). No other dermatoglyphic abnormalities (including atd angle) were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Dermatoglyphs in skeletal dysplasias.

Finger and palm print patterns (dermatoglyphs) are formed in very early pregnancy, at about the same time the limbs are developing, and their formation probably depends upon the surface contours of the palms and soles during morphogenesis. Dermatoglyphs are useful in skeletal dysplasias for the detection and study of syndactyly and symphalangism, for dating the onset and the dysplasias, for demonstrating and dating asymmetry, and sometimes for providing specific diagnostic features.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1976

Dermatoglyphs of the inhabitants of the Island of Hvar, Yugolsavia.

An analysis of the digito-palmar dermatoglyphs obtained from 231 inhabitants of the Island of Hvar, divided into two groups according to some sociocultural differences, is presented. The quantitative features do not reveal heterogeneity between the groups, while some qualitative palmar dermatoglyphic features are statistically significantly different. The results are discussed in the light of the possible influence of some different evolutionary processes.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1978

Dermatoglyphic studies in rheumatic heart disease.

62 patients suffering from rheumatic heart disease were taken from Institute of Child Health, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad, for the present dermatoglyphic investigation. The finger, palm and toe prints were analysed to see if there was an association between rheumatic heart disease and any of the dermatoglyphic traits. The parameters which were significantly different from the controls are: (1) reduced frequency of arches on the finger tips in males and increased frequency of whorls in females; (2) increased frequency of patterns in the III interdigital area in males; (3) decreased d-t ridge count in females, and (4) higher incidence of multiple axial triradii in females.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Genetical distance and dermatoglyphic characters. II. Intrapopulation distance coefficients.

This paper attempts to evaluate the dermatoglyphic (genetical) distance between two Polish population samples in relation to the intrapopulation distance coefficients estimated within each sample. All the coefficients have been based, in turn, on frequencies of fingertip, palmar and sole pattern elements, separately and for all characters combined. The results of a comparison of various combinations of dermatoglyphic characters with one another in respect of all successive values of a distance coefficient indicate that, if populations of mostly related individuals were compared, sole patterns have been the most efficient ones in differentiating between the two normal population samples. The values of inter- and intrapopulation distance coefficients obtained from samples consisting mostly of family units have been compared with those estimated in samples of non-related individuals. The limitations and difficulties in the interpretation of the values of a distance coefficient related both to the material used and statistical procedures are discussed.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1980

Search for linkage between dermatoglyphic sole characters and blood groups.

A sample of 539 Polish families and 1,500 individuals were analysed to determine whether there was any suggestion of linkage between the dermatoglyphic characters and the blood groups. Provisional evidence for linkage between certain dermatoglyphic characters on the sole and the ABO blood groups has been obtained.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Dermatoglyphs in the Southern Nigerian population.

Dermatoglyphic features of 200 male and 200 female normal Southern Nigerian negroes have been analysed. The frequency distributions of fingerprint patterns, digital and total ridge counts TRC, a-b scores and atd angles are given. In common with other races, the Southern Nigerian population showed the tendency for females to have more arches than males. Like the Zulus of Southern Africa, Southern Nigerian Negroes showed a significant sex difference in the atd angle but the Southern Nigerians have a significantly higher TRC than those previously reported for the Zulu. This study, contrary to previous studies, suggests that low TRC is not a negroid dermatoglyphic trait.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1982

Digital dermatoglyphics of the Samaritans.

Analysis of digital dermatoglyphics in a sample of 109 Samaritans in Cholon, Israel, suggests in several quantitative measures reduction in variance by comparison with the limited data available from populations elsewhere. Such reduction would be expected in an inbred population. It is not clear whether this is due to Samaritan inbreeding, or is a general feature of Middle-East populations. The Samaritans tend toward the extreme of the Middle-East range of pattern frequencies, but are not grossly different in any of the conventional descriptive dermatoglyphic variables. Principal component analysis suggests slight differences in eigenvalues and differing distributions of the eigenvectors over the digits but, despite some random fluctuation due to sample size, the principal components observed in other populations are also detectable in the Samaritans.

Consanguinity↗