Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Contraceptive Distribution”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Causes and consequences of oral contraceptive noncompliance.

Compliance difficulties are more common among oral contraceptive users than is generally appreciated. Inconsistent use and method discontinuation are estimated to account for approximately 20% of the annual 3.5 million annual unintended pregnancies in the United States. In the past research focused on adolescents, for whom predictors of poor oral contraceptive compliance include multiple sex partners, low evaluation of personal health, low degree of concern about pregnancy, and previous abortion. More recent research confirms that compliance problems are common among all age groups, with 47% of women missing >/=1 pill per cycle and almost a quarter (22%) missing >/=2 pills per cycle. Good compliance has been linked to patient satisfaction with the clinician, the absence of certain side effects, establishing a regular daily routine to take oral contraceptives, and reading information distributed with oral contraceptive packaging. Clinicians are the focal point for improving oral contraceptive compliance. They should focus counseling on the transience of most side effects, instructions on dealing with a missed pill, provision of a backup method, and establishment of a daily pill-taking routine. Easy-to-understand literature should be given to patients to take home.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Birth control failure among patients with unwanted pregnancies: 1982-1984.

Three hundred twenty-three patients who underwent abortion counseling between 1982 and 1984 were interviewed to determine the cause of birth control failure. Twenty-three percent employed no birth control and 27 percent used diaphragms, the majority either inconsistently or incorrectly. Twenty-two percent of the pregnancies were due to oral contraceptive-related failures; and the remainder were due to spermicide, condom, rhythm method, multiple method, and intrauterine device failures. Overall, fewer than one quarter of unwanted pregnancies among the predominantly white, middle-class population studied resulted from failure to obtain contraception, and only 19 percent represented technical failure despite correct and consistent use. The majority (51 percent) occurred because of human error, ie, either incorrect or inconsistent use of available contraceptive modalities. These findings contrast sharply with those of a similar study performed between 1969 and 1974. At that time failure to obtain contraception accounted for more than one half of the failures. Whereas the development and distribution of contraceptive technology was the challenge of the 1960s and the 1970s, reducing the number of birth control failures through anticipatory patient counseling is the challenge of the current decade.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed2002

Legal abortion in South Australia: a review of the first 30 years.

OBJECTIVES: To review the first 30 years' experience of legal abortion in South Australia and its demographic implications. DATA AND METHODS: Information was obtained from official abortion statistics and demographic publications of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Standard demographic and statistical techniques of analysis were used. RESULTS: After an initial rise during the 1970s, abortion rates remained fairly constant for the next decade but have increased since 1990. The Pregnancy Advisory Centre opened in 1992, to reduce waiting times and to cater for late abortions. This resulted in an increase in abortions earlier in pregnancy and also an increase in late abortions. With the adoption of vacuum aspiration techniques and improved services, abortion is now a day-only procedure, performed by specially trained doctors. Morbidity and mortality have been greatly reduced. Concurrent sterilisation has also declined. The increase in abortion has affected all age groups, but particularly women under 30, consistent with the national trend towards the postponement of births. After an initial rapid decline, the total pregnancy rate has risen slightly since 1990, showing changes in patterns of contraceptive use. However, this is not reflected in an increase in the total confinement rate. CONCLUSION: Overall, contraception has had a greater effect than abortion in reducing births in South Australia. The abortion rate is still lower than in the rest of Australia as calculated from Medicare data, even though this is an underestimate because it includes only fee-paying patients. There remains a need for continuing emphasis on better contraceptive use, including emergency contraception.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2000

The use of oral contraceptive pharmaceutical sample packs by adolescent health care providers.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to understand how health care providers use and distribute oral contraceptive pill (OCP) sample packs to adolescents. DESIGN: Qualitative study involving face-to-face structured interviews. SETTING: Interviews lasted approximately 20-30 minutes and were done in the health care provider's office setting. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of fourteen health care providers (pediatricians, family practitioners, nurse practitioners, and midwives) who have practices that include adolescents were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Two independent reviewers read the transcripts for themes. Transcripts were then coded and frequency counts were done. CONCLUSIONS: OCP sample packs are an important tool for education and compliance. The pharmaceutical OCP sample supply may influence the health care provider's OCP choice for a teen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Impact on contraceptive practice of making emergency hormonal contraception available over the counter in Great Britain: repeated cross sectional surveys.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact on contraceptive practice of making emergency hormonal contraception available over the counter. DESIGN: Analysis of data on contraceptive practice for women aged 16-49 years in the period 2000-2 from the Omnibus Survey, a multipurpose survey in which around 7600 adults living in private households are interviewed each year. SETTING: Private households in Great Britain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of different types of contraception and rates of unprotected sex. RESULTS: After emergency hormonal contraception was made available over the counter, levels of use of different types of contraception by women aged 16-49 remained similar. No significant change occurred in the proportion of women using emergency hormonal contraception (8.4% in 2000, 7.9% in 2001, 7.2% in 2002) or having unprotected sex. A change did, however, occur in where women obtained emergency hormonal contraception; a smaller proportion of women obtained emergency hormonal contraception from physicians and a greater proportion bought it over the counter. No significant change occurred in the proportion of women using more reliable methods of contraception, such as the oral contraceptive pill, or in the proportion of women using emergency hormonal contraception more than once during a year. CONCLUSIONS: Making emergency hormonal contraception available over the counter does not seem to have led to an increase in its use, to an increase in unprotected sex, or to a decrease in the use of more reliable methods of contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of recent policy changes on fertility, abortion, and contraceptive use in Romania.

A national household survey of 4,861 women aged 15-44 on reproductive health issues was conducted in Romania in 1993. The survey provided the opportunity to study the impact of policy changes by comparing selected aspects of fertility, abortion, and contraceptive use before and after the December 1989 revolution, when the laws restricting abortion and contraceptive use were abolished. After abortion became legal, the total fertility rate dropped to below replacement level, while the induced abortion rate doubled. Contraceptive prevalence increased 20 percent, but augmentation of the use of traditional methods, rather than the change in legislation, accounted for 70 percent of the increase. Limited sex education and contraceptive information, mistrust and misinformation about modern methods, a lack of adequately trained providers, and a shortage or uneven distribution of contraceptive supplies are major reasons for the continued high rates of unintended pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

Fertility after discontinuation of treatment with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of dienogest.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the conception rate after cessation of a combination of 30 microg ethinyl E2 and 2 mg dienogest (EE/DNG). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Population-based cohort in Germany. PATIENT(S): Women who wished to become pregnant after cessation of an oral contraceptive (EE/DNG). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cumulative conception rate within 1 year after termination of EE/DNG and time to pregnancy. RESULT(S): After 1 year of follow-up, the cumulative pregnancy rate was 86.6% (full analysis set; n = 706). When all participants with complete data were analyzed (n = 652), the cumulative pregnancy rate was 94.0%. More than 15% of the patients conceived in each of the first three cycles after termination of EE/DNG; the mean time to pregnancy was 3.5 cycles. The preceding duration of treatment with EE/DNG did not influence the conception rate. Except in the youngest age group (16-18 years), a certain delay was observed in the other age groups. CONCLUSION(S): The present prospective study revealed only a slight delay in regaining fertility during the first three cycles after cessation of EE/DNG. Thereafter, the cumulative rate of conception did not differ from that observed in fertile women who attempted to become pregnant without prior contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Peri-abortion contraceptive care: can we reduce the incidence of repeat abortions?

INTRODUCTION: It is of great importance for repeat unwanted pregnancies to be prevented rather than aborted. We therefore sought to: determine the reasons for contraceptive failure in women seeking repeat abortions; audit the peri-abortion contraception services offered at our hospital, and make recommendations regarding peri-abortion contraception services based on the above findings. METHOD: A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the contraceptive practices and details of peri-abortion contraceptive counselling received by 50 women undergoing a repeat, and 83 women undergoing a first-time, abortion. RESULTS: Ninety-eight percent of women undergoing a repeat abortion reported using contraception at the time of conception, as compared to 83% of women undergoing a first-time abortion. This difference was significant (p = 0.009). Condoms were the main method used by 57% of women undergoing a repeat and 70% of women undergoing a first-time abortion. The oral contraceptive pill (OCP), including both combined oral contraceptive and progestogen-only pill, was the main method used by 37% of women undergoing a repeat and 25% undergoing a first-time abortion. Both these methods were found to be ineffective because of user-dependent failures. All women received peri-abortion contraceptive counselling, but the perceived contents varied. Follow-up contraceptive appointments were made in less than half of women. Although most women chose an optimal contraceptive method as a result of the counselling, compliance with the chosen method in women undergoing repeat abortions was poor. CONCLUSIONS: Standards of audit were met with regards to receipt of contraceptive counselling and agreeing a contraceptive method before discharge. The content of this counselling needs to be improved. The ineffectiveness of the OCP and barrier methods of contraception needs to be highlighted during counselling. Adequate follow-up arrangements need to be provided to ensure compliance of the chosen method of contraception.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1995

The contraceptive use of Depo-Provera in U.S. adolescents.

UNLABELLED: Little is known about the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera, DMPA) in U.S. adolescents before the FDA approved its usage for contraception in 1992. PURPOSE: To determine the experience with DMPA use in adolescents for contraception in the United States. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was sent to U.S. physicians identified as adolescent health care providers. RESULT: DMPA had been prescribed by 41% of surveyed physicians who prescribe contraception for adolescents. Eighty-five percent of patients continued use beyond nine months and 40% continued beyond 21 months. Sixty-seven percent of physician/respondents reported using DMPA in mentally retarded patients. CONCLUSIONS: Many providers used DMPA for contraception in adolescents prior to its FDA approval for contraception. DMPA has a high rate of continuation of use as a contraception in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Glycemic status in women using combined oral contraceptive pill.

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of low-dose combined oral contraceptives(OCs) containing 30 gm Ethinyl estradiol with 150 microg Levonorgestrel on carbohydrate metabolism by a glycaemic variable -- fasting blood glucose level. It is now known that impairment of carbohydrate metabolism is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other metabolic disorder. Sixty women age between 15-35 years using OCs served as experimental group and thirty age matched hormonal contraceptive non users were selected for control group. Experimental group was again subdivided into OCP (Oral contraceptive pill) users for last one year group, three year group and five year group. The result showed that there were no significant differences on blood glucose level between users and non-users women. It is concluded that the cyclic administration of monophasic low dose OCs did not altered blood glucose levels and there by have no additional adverse impact on women health reaffirming the ongoing oral contraceptive pill distribution program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Contraceptive practices of women living in rural areas of Bihar.

A prospective survey of 972 married (sexually active) women living in rural areas of Lalganj block of Vaishali district in Bihar state of India was carried out. The study was aimed at obtaining first hand information from the rural women regarding their contraceptive practices and to use the information thus gained to identify those spheres of concern where greater attention needs to be paid to make the family planning system more efficient. The population investigated consisted of women attending the combined obstetric and gynaecology clinic located at Lalganj. Tubal sterilisation was the commonest method of contraception among women surveyed ( 20.6 per cent of women). The incidence of sterilisation increased significantly as the age increased-11.6 per cent of women aged 21 to 30 had tubal sterilisation, whereas the incidence was 51 per cent in women aged 31 to 40 years. Reversible forms of contraception (IUD, oral pills and condoms) were used by only 6.8 per cent of women included in the study. Married girls aged 15 to 20 were not using any contraceptive. It was also noted that none of the women surveyed had used any contraceptive prior to her first pregnancy. Fortyper cent of women in the age group 21 to 30 years and a similar percentage (41.1 per cent) in the age group 31 to 40 years had two or more live children but did not use any contraceptive. The results reveal that tubal sterilisation is the most popular method of contraception among women living in rural areas of the state. Birth spacing, or delaying the birth of the first child by the use of reversible forms of contraception, is not the common practice among these women.

Adolescent↗