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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Adolescents and condoms. Associations of beliefs with intentions to use.

Sexually active adolescents should use condoms to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus. This study examined, among male and female adolescents, which beliefs about condoms are associated with intentions to use them if they have coitus in the next year. Teenagers attending adolescent health clinics completed self-administered surveys. Although most adolescents knew that condoms prevent sexually transmitted diseases, an increasing belief in the preventive effects of condoms was not associated with an increased motivation to use them. Instead, other immediate, short-term consequences, such as the ease with which they can be used and discomfort associated with their use, were most strongly associated with adolescents' intentions to use condoms. To encourage condom use, messages from physicians and other health care professionals must focus on adolescents' beliefs that are most likely to encourage or inhibit use of condoms. Health considerations should not be the sole emphasis of such communications if the goal is to increase the use of condoms among sexually active adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Reexamination of Eisen, Zellman, and McAlister's Health Belief Model questionnaire.

Eisen, Zellman, and McAlister proposed a 22-item scale to measure four Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs as applied to adolescent contraceptive behavior. Their factor analysis led them to conclude that there were several discrepancies in their proposed scales. We suggest that they were unduly pessimistic. Although their proposed scales could stand improvement, they are adequate preliminary tools. The major reason they concluded that the scales were deficient was that they applied criteria that are generally appropriate for continuous data to their inherently discrete (categorical) item response data. A secondary consideration is that confirmatory methods of factor analysis can yield results that bear more directly on their proposed organization of items than the traditional exploratory methods that they used. A reanalysis of their data suggests that their proposed scales have fewer problems than they believed they had. Our results increase the likelihood of standardizing HBM measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teenagers' perceptions of unplanned adolescent pregnancies and oral contraceptive use.

Adolescent women who are sexually active often do not use contraceptives consistently and correctly. Adolescents are sexually active for an average of 15 months before initiating regular contraceptive use and the majority of young women who initiate use discontinue within the first year after initiation. This study enrolled 50 young women who initiated oral contraceptive use and was designed to provide more understanding of their perceptions about the possibility of an unplanned pregnancy and about contraceptive use. They were again contacted 6 weeks after initiation of oral contraceptives to assess continuation. Findings revealed that 90% of the subjects were sexually active at the time of the first visit; the mean period of sexual activity was 15 months. Only 30% had used a nonprescription birth control method during this period. While perceiving themselves to be highly susceptible to pregnancy, many young women continue to have psychosocial barriers to contraceptive use. Follow-up contact revealed more than 10% of the subjects were not using oral contraceptives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Birth control use by teenagers. One and two years postabortion.

A prospective study was undertaken of the contraceptive behavior of adolescent women following a first-trimester abortion. Each women had an individual counseling session, including birth-control counseling. Effective birth control was used by 77% of the 182 respondents one year postabortion. Two years after abortion, 79% of those who remained in the study group continued to use reliable birth control methods. The repeat abortion rate for all respondents was 7% in the first year and 11% in the second year. These results suggest that teenagers who obtain abortions do not rely on the procedure as a method of contraception. Instead, they are more likely to be using reliable methods of birth control postabortion than they were before the unplanned pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Response of unmarried adolescents to contraceptive advice and service in Nigeria.

The responses of a group of all unmarried, sexually active teenagers in a developing country to offers of contraceptive service were assessed in a prospective, 30-month study at a teaching hospital family planning center. Teenagers of this group constituted 7.2% of the clinic population. The default rate was very high (43.0%) and was most noticeable among users of oral contraceptives. The intrauterine device seemed more acceptable, as were injections of norethisterone enanthate. Possible reasons for this pattern of response are given, and the authors suggest giving new consideration to making the intrauterine device more suitable for and acceptable to teenagers of developing countries. The place of norethisterone enanthate in teenage contraception is also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The progestagen releasing vaginal ring.

The results of the Manchester study and its reinforcement from data from the multicenter study indicate that the ring is a well-tolerated delivery system for low-dose progestagens. The expulsion rate is low and vaginal tolerance satisfactory. The pregnancy rate and bleeding pattern is of the same order as oral low-dose progestagens. Indeed, there is an indication that the pregnancy rate and abnormal bleeding rate may be even lower. Data from other more extensive phase 3 studies will be required to confirm this impression. The subjective assessment is that the majority of patients are enthusiastic about this method of contraception, bearing in mind that many of them had become disenchanted with existing marketed contraceptive methods. Because of its high level of acceptability, the gap between theoretical and use-effectiveness in narrowed and once inserted, a high degree of motivation is not required since the existing ring only needs to be reinserted after 90 days of use. The acceptability of vaginal methods of contraception as evidenced by the rapid uptake of the vaginal sponge suggests that there is considerable potential for increased use of vaginal methods. In the present state of knowledge, it would appear that the woman for whom the progestagen only conception is particularly appropriate is the one who is lactating or for the older woman whose fertility is on the wane. For the woman who wishes to space her family, the progestagen only contraceptive is also appropriate. With increased refinements and experience of this method, there is a likelihood that the ring may extend the use and application of progestagen only contraception to a wider range of potential patients.

Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and perceptions of emergency contraceptive pills among a college-age population: a qualitative approach.

Results from focus-group discussions with a population of university students who have convenient access to emergency contraceptive pills show that basic awareness about this method is high, although specific knowledge on appropriate use, such as the time limit for use, the level of effectiveness and the possible side effects, is lacking. Approval of the method is widespread among both female and male students, although students did voice anxieties about irresponsible use and the lack of protection against the human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. Many of their concerns stem from incomplete information about how the regimen works. Students noted how rarely emergency contraceptive pills are discussed, and were curious to know more. They asked for routine education on the method, as well as more general discussion.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and practice in Russia during the 1980s.

In the former Soviet Union, there was a lack of valid and reliable social research on knowledge, attitudes, and practice of contraception. The few available studies have not been published outside the Soviet Union. This article reviews five surveys that were conducted in Moscow and two other cities (Saratov and Tartu) during the period 1976-84. In addition, some data from a large-scale survey conducted in 1990 and covering the entire former Soviet Union are presented. The surveys indicate that the rhythm method, condoms, vaginal douches, and withdrawal were the main contraceptive methods used; only 1 to 3 percent of the women interviewed were using oral contraceptives, and about 10 percent used intrauterine devices. The low prevalence of use of reliable modern methods may explain the high incidence of induced abortion in Russia. The chronic unavailability of reliable contraceptives is one of the main factors of poor family planning. Lack of knowledge and negative opinions about modern contraception also play an important role. Some possibilities for improving the family planning situation in Russia are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Knowledge and use of postcoital contraception: a survey among health professionals in Tower Hamlets.

The knowledge and estimated retrospective use of postcoital contraception was ascertained from health professionals in Tower Hamlets in the summer of 1988 using a postal questionnaire. Eighty five per cent of general practitioners responded and 91% of these had received requests for postcoital contraception within the previous six months. Only one third of general practitioners had information about postcoital contraception available in their surgeries. Family planning doctors and nurses had the most accurate knowledge of the method but many health professionals appeared to lack sufficient knowledge to ensure appropriate prescribing and to publicize this method to their women patients. It is concluded that if the high rate of abortion in the borough is to be reduced, health professionals as well as women need to be further educated as part of a postcoital contraception publicity campaign. Use of the term 'emergency contraception' rather than the non-medical term 'the morning after pill' may be more effective and reduce the present confusion among both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The buzz outside the clinics: conversations and contraception in Nyanza Province, Kenya.

When women talk with each other about family planning outside the clinic, are they really only spreading myths and rumors? If nurses give good information about family planning, why do women go and talk with other women? Why would a woman instructed by a nurse at a workshop want to talk to the workshop cleaner as well? To answer these questions, findings are used from a household survey and in-depth interviews that examine the role of informal social interaction in influencing the use of contraceptives in rural Kenya. The women in the study area are found to be ambivalent about family planing, and they supplement providers' instructions with the experiences of women whose bodies and circumstances are similar to their own. Family planning programs could improve their effectiveness by viewing clients and providers not only as individuals but also as members of informal networks that are meaningful to them.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use and perceptions of chance and ability of conceiving in women electing abortion.

A convenient sample of 32 women seeking abortion was studied to determine the relationship between a woman's use of birth control and her perception of her chance and ability of conceiving. Subjects were between the ages of 16 and 29 years, white, unmarried, and gravida one. The Consistency Chance and Ability inventory, a self-report questionnaire, was completed by each subject. The data show a relationship between a woman's use of birth control and her perception of her chance and ability of conceiving. How nurses can assist women in making choices about contraceptive use is discussed.

Abortion, Induced↗