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PubMed2005

[The design and content validity of an infection control health education program for adolescents with cancer].

The purpose of this article is to describe the process of designing an Infection Control Health Education Program (ICP) for adolescents with cancer, to describe the content of that program, and to evaluate its validity. The program consisted of an audiovisual "Infection Control Health Education Program in Video Compact Disc (VCD)" and "Self-Care Daily Checklist (SCDC)". The VCD was developed from systematic literature reviews and consultations with experts in pediatric oncology care. It addresses the main issues of infection control among adolescents. The content of the SCDC was designed to enhance adolescents' self-care capabilities by means of twice daily self-recording. The response format for content validity of the VCD and SCDC was a 5-point Likert scale. The mean score for content validity was 4.72 for the VCD and 4.82 for the SCDC. The percentage of expert agreement was 99% for the VCD and 98% for the SCDC. In summary, the VCD was effective in improving adolescents' capacity for self-care and the extensive reinforcement SCDC was also shown to be useful. In a subsequent pilot study, the authors used this program to increase adolescent cancer patients' self-care knowledge and behavior for, and decrease their levels of secondary infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Soul music.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Compact Disc Interactive (CD-i) multimedia project.

In 1993, the National Library of Medicine (NLM), in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (NCI), developed a Compact Disc Interactive (CD-i) program: "Cervical Cancer: Screening For Life." This was NLM's first experience in developing for an all-digital interactive medium, containing motion video, graphic images, and text. In 1994, the original CD-i was expanded to include a telecommunications capability that allowed the user to obtain the NCI's most recent screening and treatment information related to cervical cancer.

Compact Disks↗
PubMed1994

Department of Veterans Affairs compact disc recording for auditory perceptual assessment: background and introduction.

Materials for use in auditory perceptual assessment of central auditory problems are widely divergent in quality, usefulness, and complexity. These circumstances make interpreting results a highly provincial affair. Comparison of results between different clinics and laboratories is often difficult or impossible. Norms by which to judge an individual's performance are often applicable for only one version of a given test and may not be appropriate for another version of the "same" test. The pressing need for standardization of a battery of central auditory tasks that is useful in clinical endeavors and in laboratory experiments is obvious. If that battery could encompass a wide range of complexity, and if the items in it were produced with very high quality, then its value would increase. The materials previewed in this introductory article and in seven other articles in this journal edition were developed to address some of these issues. Monotic, diotic, and dichotic materials using speech and tone stimuli were created. They were produced on compact disc under the sponsorship of the Department of Veterans Affairs and with the assistance of many institutions and individuals in the United States. In the articles that follow this one, data generated from their use with young, normal listeners are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Masking-level difference for spondaic words in 2000-msec bursts of broadband noise.

One protocol developed for the Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment audio compact disc was the masking-level difference (MLD) for spondaic words in which the words and broadband noise were mixed and recorded at 16 selected signal-to-noise ratios. Four words were recorded at each level. Because it was impossible to monitor the word presentations at negative signal-to-noise ratios, a different paradigm was devised in which the spondaic words were embedded in 2000-msec bursts of noise. Before the materials were finalized for the compact disc, two experiments studied the perceptual characteristics of the paradigm. Experiment I was performed to determine the characteristics of the MLD for spondaic words in 2000-msec bursts of noise at 70 dB SPL. An unexpected finding was that the mean SoNo thresholds were at signal-to-noise ratios 3-4 dB lower than previously reported spondaic word thresholds in continuous broadband noise. Experiment II examined this discrepancy with the spondaic words embedded in continuous noise and in the 2000-msec noise bursts. The results confirmed the 3-4 dB difference between thresholds for the two masker conditions. Based on the pilot data, the spondaic words embedded in 2000-msec bursts of broadband noise at signal-to-noise ratios of 0 dB to -30 dB were recorded on the compact disc in the S pi No paradigm. In the compact disc trials, which involved 120 subjects with normal hearing, the MLDs for the spondaic words recorded on the compact disc were measured on 60 subjects at each of two noise levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

Dichotic listening to speech: background and preliminary data for digits, sentences, and nonsense syllables.

Three tests of dichotic listening utilizing speech signals as stimuli are included on the VA-CD Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment, Disc 1.0. They include a dichotic monosyllabic digits task, a dichotic synthetic sentences task, and a dichotic nonsense syllable (CV) task. Since the materials were specially recorded or created and recorded for use on the VA-CD, normative data were collected at nine universities/medical centers in the United States involving 120 young listeners. Data revealed that these listeners had little difficulty correctly identifying digits or synthetic sentences when they were presented at 50-70 dB HL in a dichotic format requiring two responses to each trial. At the same presentation levels and under two onset-time conditions (0- and 90-msec onset stagger), correct responsiveness was less frequent when the stimuli were dichotic CVs. However, scores fell in ranges consistent with previous studies and useful for seeking lesion effects. Although careful definition of stimuli, standardization of materials, and the relative stability offered by audio compact disc technology were prime reasons for making the VA-CD, another goal was to offer the clinician-researcher a range of difficulty among the procedures on the disc. Data from the normative trials using dichotic speech signals suggest that the goal has been accomplished.

Compact Disks↗
PubMed1994

Word recognition with segmented-alternated CVC words: compact disc trials.

The Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment, Disc 1.0 audio compact disc contains a set of consonant, vowel-nucleus, consonant speech materials that have been segmented at the approximate phoneme boundaries so that the carrier phrase and consonant segments of a word can be presented to one ear and the carrier phrase and vowel segment of the word presented to the other ear. In this manner, consonant and vowel information are presented to different ears using a binaural fusion paradigm in which the temporal sequence of the word is maintained. The purpose of the compact disc trials was to document the recognition performance of 120 young adults with normal hearing under the following three conditions: (1) the consonant segments presented monaurally at 40, 50, and 60 dB HL; (2) the vowel segment of the words presented monaurally at 20, 30, and 40 dB HL; and (3) the binaural condition at 0 to 30 dB Hl in which the consonant segments were presented to one ear and the vowel segments were presented to the other ear. Recognition performance under the binaural fusion paradigm was identical to recognition performance on the same materials unaltered.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Frequency (pitch) and duration pattern tests.

Compact disc versions of the frequency (pitch) and duration pattern tests are reported. Results are similar to previous reports on these tests using taped materials. Mean performance of normal-hearing young adults for both pattern perception tests was approximately 90 percent. There was no effect of the two presentation levels used in this study. The compact disc version of these tests provides a high-fidelity measure of auditory pattern identification that can be administered easily.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

Effects of time compression and time compression plus reverberation on the intelligibility of Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6.

The Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment, Disc 1.0 audio compact disc developed in 1992 includes several sets of degraded speech materials, two of which, time compression and reverberation, are described in this paper. The digital techniques used to compress the NU No. 6 materials (female speaker) on an 80386-based computer are described, along with a series of experiments on subjects with normal hearing that document the effects of the time compression on recognition performance. Experiment I examined at 70 dB SPL the effect on word recognition of 45, 55, 65, 70, and 75 percent compressions. Experiment II developed psychometric functions for the 45, 65, and 75 percent time-compression conditions. Experiment III defined the effects that time-compression degradation (45% and 65%) plus reverberation degradation (0.3 sec) had on the recognition performance on the NU No. 6 materials. Based on the experiments, four conditions (45% compression, 65% compression, 45% compression plus 0.3-sec reverberation, and 65% compression plus 0.3-sec reverberation) were selected and recorded on the compact disc. In the compact disc trials, normative data on the four conditions were developed from 120 listeners with normal hearing.

Compact Disks↗
PubMed1993

Development and use of auditory compact discs in auditory evaluation.

Two audio compact discs have been developed by the Department of Veterans Affairs for use in the assessment of auditory function. This report focuses on 1) the development of the first compact disc, which contains speech materials used in routine audiologic evaluations, and 2) an introduction to the second compact disc, which contains tonal and speech materials used in more elaborate auditory evaluations. The first disc (Speech Recognition and Identification Materials, Disc 1.1), which is in its second generation, contains spondaic words, several monosyllabic word tests (Rush Hughes PB-50s, CID W-22, Maryland CNCs, and Northwestern University [NU] No. 6), and the Synthetic Sentence Identification materials. The second disc (Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment), which was produced in conjunction with the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, contains spondaic words in the MLD paradigm, dichotic materials (chords, nonsense syllables, digits, and sentences), segmented/alternated CNCs, high-pass and low-pass NU No. 6 materials, 45% and 65% compressed NU No. 6 materials, the same 45% and 65% compressed materials compounded with 0.3-s reverberation, frequency tone patterns, and duration tone patterns.

Compact Disks↗
PubMed1993

A core electronic medical library in a rural setting: update.

In rural areas an electronic medical library is one of the most effective ways of staying abreast of advances in clinical medicine. A health care provider's educational needs for staying current are best met by a combination of CD-based textbooks and an inexpensive on-line database. Since publication of this review last year, several beneficial changes have occurred. In general, they are: greater availability of fast data transmission rates, wider selection of databases to choose from, both on-line and off-line, the feasibility of obtaining toll-free access numbers in selected instances, and the elimination of daytime higher connect rates. This update discusses some of these changes.

Compact Disks↗