Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Communication Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Treatment of communication disorders in the schizophrenic. Experience at the Brentwood VA Hospital in California].

The author relates a one-year research experience on "social skills training" behavior therapies applied to DSM-III schizophrenic patients. Besides role playing, positive reinforcement and generalization, a cognitive approach to attention and information processing deficits is described using modelling and videotape material. The objective is an intensive teaching of necessary skills for independent living.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2004

[Communication disorders after decline in sub-cortical aphasia: the role of fronto-sub-cortical disconnection?].

INTRODUCTION: Pragmatic analysis of Language difficulties examines the pertinence and adaptation of the spoken Language which can be disturbed even when phonologic, syntactic and semantic functions, taken separately, appear normal. Disorders of pragmatic Language function remain poorly explored and the few published papers in adult neuropsychology have been devoted to patients with traumatic frontal lesions. METHODS: In the present study we report the case of a patient admitted for right hemiplegia with "dissident" aphasia related to a capsulo-lenticular hematoma. Aphasic disorders progressively improved but with the occurrence of speech disorders which were assessed by pragmatic indices. RESULTS: There was no difference between free and directed interview with the exception for the non-contingencies which were significantly more frequent in the directed interview. As compared with the spoken Language of a normal individual, highly significant differences were noted for incoherent lexical proximities, non-contingencies and markers of difficulty. DISCUSSION: and conclusion. For some Authors, the pragmatic speech disorders observed in this patient during the directed interview are linked to abnormal executive functions, also noted in the patient. The difficulties to adjust to speech constraints of the interview context could be related to a fronto-subcortical disconnection resulting in this patient to the left capsulo-lenticular lesion.

Aphasia, Broca↗
PubMed2005

Emotional intelligence: a primer for practitioners in human communication disorders.

Emerging research clearly shows a link between emotions and the overall productivity of the participants in any service organization or business. The ability to understand one's own emotions and the emotions of others, and to express feelings in a proactive manner, is referred to as "emotional intelligence." The purpose of this article is to introduce the essential components of emotional intelligence and provide practical strategies for improving one's own emotional intelligence and that of colleagues, staff, or clients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method of screening for communication disorders in child psychiatric inpatients.

Research indicates that children with speech and language disorders probably are at greater risk for developing emotional and behavior problems. A retrospective review of referral patterns on a child psychiatric inpatient service suggested that some children with speech and language disorders were either being missed or referred late in their hospital stay. A four-part procedure was developed to screen children for speech or language problems at admission to a child psychiatric inpatient service. A pilot study of the new method showed promise as a screening procedure (estimated sensitivity = 81%; estimated specificity = 90%). The four-part screening method, referral guidelines and clinical implications are presented.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Science and pseudoscience in communication disorders: criteria and applications.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this tutorial is to describe 10 criteria that may help clinicians distinguish between scientific and pseudoscientific treatment claims. The criteria are illustrated, first for considering whether to use a newly developed treatment and second for attempting to understand arguments about controversial treatments. METHOD: Pseudoscience refers to claims that appear to be based on the scientific method but are not. Ten criteria for distinguishing between scientific and pseudoscientific treatment claims are described. These criteria are illustrated by using them to assess a current treatment for stuttering, the SpeechEasy device. The authors read the available literature about the device and developed a consensus set of decisions about the 10 criteria. To minimize any bias, a second set of independent judges evaluated a sample of the same literature. The criteria are also illustrated by using them to assess controversies surrounding 2 treatment approaches: Fast ForWord and facilitated communication. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians are increasingly being held responsible for the evidence base that supports their practice. The power of these 10 criteria lies in their ability to help clinicians focus their attention on the credibility of that base and to guide their decisions for recommending or using a treatment.

Communication Disorders↗
PubMed2006

Evidence-based practice in communication disorders: progress not perfection.

PURPOSE: This commentary is written in response to a companion paper by Nan Bernstein Ratner (Evidence-Based Practice: An Examination of its Ramifications for the Practice of Speech-Language Pathology). METHOD: The comments reflect my experience as Vice President for Research and Technology of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). One of the responsibilities of the Vice President is to monitor the work of the Advisory Committee on Evidence-Based Practice. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a challenging but attainable goal for audiology and speech-language pathology. Our professions have made rapid progress in developing the foundations for EBP. To be sure, a great deal of work remains to be done, but we have learned from the experiences of other professions and have built our own systems to support EBP.

Communication Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Theoretical and empirical bases for dialect-neutral language assessment: contributions from theoretical and applied linguistics to communication disorders.

Three avenues of theoretical research provide insights for discovering abstract properties of language that are subject to disorder and amenable to assessment: (1) the study of universal grammar and its acquisition; (2) descriptions of African American English (AAE) Syntax, Semantics, and Phonology within theoretical linguistics; and (3) the study of specific language impairment (SLI) cross-linguistically. Abstract linguistic concepts were translated into a set of assessment protocols that were used to establish normative data on language acquisition (developmental milestones) in typically developing AAE children ages 4 to 9 years. Testing AAE-speaking language impaired (LI) children and both typically developing (TD) and LI Mainstream American English (MAE)-learning children on these same measures provided the data to select assessments for which (1) TD MAE and AAE children performed the same, and (2) TD performance was reliably different from LI performance in both dialect groups.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1989

Communication disorders: planning a service to meet the needs.

This paper reviews the size of the speech and language-disabled population in the United Kingdom by client groups and attempts to determine (1) those for whom speech therapy might be appropriate, (2) what pattern and level of speech therapy is appropriate and (3) how many speech therapists are required to provide this pattern and level of speech therapy. It is concluded that under present patterns of speech therapy provision, approximately 26 qualified speech therapists may be required per 100,000 population. However, it is argued that speech therapy may be trying to do too much and may be venturing into areas in which little, if anything, is known about its effectiveness. In conclusion, the paper argues that solutions to the current problems of speech therapy provision must come from the demand and the supply sides of the speech therapy service. The importance of treatment evaluation and further knowledge about patterns of spontaneous recovery are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Hearing handicap--an addition to audiometric hearing loss. Results of an exploratory study of auditory communication disorders in the elderly].

Hearing problems in elderly patients cannot be evaluated completely with conventional audiological tests in most cases. Two hundred and one subjects aged 60 years or more complaining of hearing problems were studied. The following tests were employed: pure-tone audiometry, the "Basler Satztest" (a German version of the SPIN-test assessing speech perception in noise), and a German version of a "Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly" (HHIE). These latter versions were developed in our institution. An auditory handicap was found in one-third of subjects with mild hearing losses (PTA < 30 dB; n = 135) and in two-thirds of subjects with greater hearing losses (PTA > and = 30 dB; n = 65). The relatively weak correlations of the pure-tone audiogram (r = 0.49) or speech audiometry (r = 0.41) with HHIE indicate that more than 50% of the variance of the hearing handicap was due to non-audiologic factors. For this reason, we recommend that the handicap questionnaire be added to the audiometric evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Reliability of Andreasen's thought, language and communications disorder scale.

The study of disordered thinking has been hampered by a lack of clinical instruments aimed at the measurement of thought disorder. Andreasen has proposed a rating scale for thought disorder (TLC) and reported on its reliability and preliminary aspects of its validity. In our study, a psychiatrist and physician assistant rated 98 psychiatric inpatients using the TLC and BPRS. Interrater reliability ranged from 0.35 to 0.80 (weighted kappa) on 18 aspects of thought disorder and one global item. The order of reliability for the 18 individual items was strongly correlated between the Andreasen sample and our own (r = 0.77). While the BPRS thought disorder scale was significantly related to the global rating of thought disorder on the TLC (r = 0.71), only half of the variance in thought disorder measured by the TLC was accounted for by the BPRS factor. Thus, this study supports Andreasen's contention that the TLC is a reliable instrument and suggests that the instrument may provide additional information about thinking disorders.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Profiles of communication disorder in children with velocardiofacial syndrome: comparison to children with Down syndrome.

PURPOSE: To describe communication profiles in children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) compared with children with Down syndrome. METHODS: Four children with VCFS and four children with Down syndrome underwent cognitive and speech and language assessment. RESULTS: Communication profiles of children with Down syndrome showed a flat profile, indicating all measures were similar and delayed relative to chronological age. Children with VCFS showed vocabulary, pattern of sound types, and Mean Babbling Length below cognitive and other language ages. CONCLUSION: Communication profiles of children with VCFS differed qualitatively and quantitatively from children with Down syndrome and support the hypothesis that some children with VCFS present with a profile of communication impairment that may be distinctive to the syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗