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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

New uses for older antibiotics: nitrofurantoin, amikacin, colistin, polymyxin B, doxycycline, and minocycline revisited.

Nitrofurantoin, amikacin, colistin, polymyxin B, doxycycline, and minocycline are antibiotics with proven effectiveness against selected pathogens. These antibiotics have not developed resistance over time. As "low-resistance potential antibiotics" that are effective against an increasing number of infections due to resistant gram-positive or gram-negative pathogens, these antimicrobials remain an important part of the antibiotic armamentarium. They will be used increasingly in the future, as highly resistant organisms continue to be important clinically and therapeutic options remain limited.

Amikacin↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a simplified semi-quantitative protocol for the estimation of Vibrio vulnificus in bathing water using cellobiose-colistin agar: a collaborative study with 13 municipal food controlling units in Denmark.

A simplified semi-quantitative method using pre-enrichment in alkaline peptone water supplemented with polymyxin B and plating onto cellobiose-colistin (CC) agar for the estimation of Vibrio vulnificus in bathing water was evaluated. This protocol was tested in a collaborative study with 13 food controlling laboratories in Denmark during the 1999 bathing season in periods when water temperatures exceeded 20 degrees C. The average percentage of yellow colonies larger than 1 mm in diameter on CC agar that could be identified as V. vulnificus by colony hybridization with a species-specific DNA probe was 79%. This high percentage of specificity demonstrated that by using CC agar in estimating the level of V. vulnificus in bathing water, recognition of yellow colonies larger than 1 mm is sufficient for the identification of V. vulnificus with no further characterization needed. The simplified protocol may be included in the routine control of the microbial quality of bathing water done by the local food controlling laboratories, since it involves simple traditional and low-cost microbiological methods with no use of molecular skills or sophisticated equipment.

Baths↗
PubMed2003

Colistin sulfate as a suitable substitute of thallium acetate in culture media intended for mycoplasma detection and culture.

Thallium acetate in concentrations of 500 to 1000 mg/l is tolerated in the culture by the most mollicutes of the orders Mycoplasmatales and Acholeplasmatales and by this reason it is added in the culture media as a selective element for the detection and propagation of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas. Because of the high toxicity of thallium acetate and its accumulation in the environment, thallium acetate is not biodegradable, an alternative was searched. The results and analysis of tests with nine mollicute species are presented here. It is recommended to replace thallium acetate in the formulations where it is used and colistin sulfate is proposed as its substitute.

Acholeplasma laidlawii↗
PubMed1992

Aztreonam versus colistin-neomycin for selective decontamination of the digestive tract in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a randomized study.

Aztreonam (Az), a minimally absorbable monobactam antibiotic, was compared to colistin plus neomycin (CN), for intestinal decontamination during Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) in a controlled study. Thirty-four consecutive patients were randomized in two groups and evaluated for number of febrile episodes, days of fever, fecal cultures and clinical symptoms related to infections or colonizations. No significant differences were observed suggesting that Az is at least as effective as the CN regimen and may be considered as an alternative approach for intestinal decontamination in BMT patients.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed2003

Colistin for Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated sepsis.

Klebsiella pneumoniae that was resistant to all available antibiotics (minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem, 32 microg/mL), including carbapenems, was isolated from blood samples obtained from a 48-year-old patient in the intensive care unit. The patient developed septic shock, which was successfully treated with colistin, the only antibiotic with activity against this multidrug-resistant strain.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Comparative in vitro activity of tobramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, colistin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiological and therapeutic implications.

The susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to six antibiotics was related to the epidemiologic knowledge yielded by serotyping. The agar dilution method for determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the Habs serotyping system were used. Effectiveness of each agent ranked highest to lowest as follows: tobramycin, colistin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, and kanamycin. For many isolates, the MICs of gentamicin were close to the peak level in serum. Susceptibility to carbenicillin and to ticarcillin were highly correlated, with MICs of ticarcillin half those of carbenicillin. Similary, susceptibility to gentamicin and to tobramycin were correlated. For susceptible strains, MICs of gentamicin were two to four times greater than those of tobramycin. However, strains resistant to gentamicin were clearly in one of two groups: susceptible to tobramycin or resistant to the drug. Most strains resistant to both gentamicin and tobramycin were serotype 11, whereas those resistant gentamicin and kanamycin only were nonagglutinable.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

The enrichment and early detection of Streptococcus pyogenes in skin lesions, using colistin, oxolinic acid, Todd Hewitt broth and latex agglutination.

An improved selective broth, colistin, oxolinic acid, Todd Hewitt broth (COTHB) for the isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci from swabs is described. Staphylococci, coryneforms and Gram negative organisms are inhibited in COTHB inoculated with swabs from skin lesions. Streptococcus pyogenes could be detected by a fluorescent antibody method and by the Streptex and Phadebact streptococcal grouping methods after 6 and 24 h incubation. Other streptococci of groups B, C and G, were also detected. Streptex was the most sensitive and specific method for the detection of streptococci of groups A, B, C, and G in this broth. The method detected 78% of these streptococci in COTHB after 6 h incubation and 93% after 24 h incubation. Of the Strep. pyogenes isolated, 82% were detected in the broth by the Streptex method.

Colistin↗
PubMed2006

Mutant prevention concentrations of levofloxacin alone and in combination with azithromycin, ceftazidime, colistin (Polymyxin E), meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of levofloxacin alone and in combination with ceftazidime, colistin (polymyxin E), meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and tobramycin were established against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic combinations using levofloxacin with any antibiotic with individual activity against P. aeruginosa resulted in synergistic lowering (an at-least-fourfold reduction) of the isolate's MPC.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1973

Studies on the susceptibility of 150 consecutive clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tobramycin, gentamicin, colistin, carbenicillin, and five other antimicrobials.

The in vitro susceptibilities of 150 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the aminoglycoside tobramycin and eight other antimicrobials were evaluated. The Food and Drug Administration standardized disk diffusion method showed that tobramycin inhibited 100% of the 150 isolates with gentamicin inhibiting only 90.7%. The difference between colistin (97.3%) and tobramycin was less marked. Carbenicillin (87.3%) was found to be slightly less active than gentamicin. Only a small percentage of the isolates were inhibited by the other drugs used. By using a minimal inhibitory concentration of 4 mug/ml in brain heart infusion broth as the level of susceptibility, it was found that only three of the isolates showed resistance to tobramycin, whereas 20 of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Approximately half of the isolates were inhibited by 0.5 mug/ml or less of tobramycin, whereas 1.5 mug of gentamicin per ml was required to inhibit 50% of susceptible strains.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed2005

Successive emergence of Enterobacter aerogenes strains resistant to imipenem and colistin in a patient.

Enterobacter aerogenes is an agent of hospital-acquired infection that exhibits a remarkable resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics during therapy. Five successive isolates of E. aerogenes infecting a patient and exhibiting a multiresistance phenotype to beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones were investigated. Among these clinical strains, four presented resistant phenotypes during successive imipenem and colistin treatments. The involved resistance mechanisms exhibited by the successive isolates were associated with alterations of the outer membrane that caused a porin decrease and lipopolysaccharide modifications.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Cultural and biochemical characteristics of clinical isolates of unusual colistin-resistant pseudomonads.

Biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities of 12 strains of colistin-resistant pseudomonads isolated from clinical specimens are reported. The isolates were short, oxidase-positive, nonfluorescing, gram-negative rods that failed to grow on salmonella-shigella or cetrimide agars, to decarboxylate amino acids, and to reduce nitrates. Most strains peptonized litmus milk and grew at 42 degrees C. Glucose, lactose, maltose, xylose, and fructose were slowly oxidized, whereas sucrose was not. Two homogeneous species were found and tentatively listed as Pseudomonas sp. 1 and Pseudomonas sp. 2, and these were differentiated by gelatin and starch hydrolysis, oxidation of mannitol, and alkalinization of allantoin. The two species were shown to differ from the Center for Disease Control Va group biotype CDC Va-1 in both biochemical characteristics and susceptibility to the aminoglycosides.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Colistin-oxolinic acid-blood agar: a new selective medium for streptococci.

The development and evaluation of a new selective medium (colistin-oxolinic acid-blood agar) for streptococci is described. Streptococci of medical and veterinary importance grew well on the medium. Gram-negative organisms, staphylococci. Bacillus spp., and coryneforms are all inhibited. It was concluded that the medium is valuable for the isolation of streptococci in pure culture from mixed flora and has advantages over other media previously described. Increased isolation rates were obtained together with earlier identification of the isolated strains.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of selective broth medium plus neomycin-nalidixic acid agar and selective broth medium plus Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid agar for detection of group B streptococcal colonization in women.

The combination of neomycin-nalidixic acid (NNA) agar and a selective broth medium (SBM) has recently been shown to improve the sensitivity of screening cultures for group B streptococcal (GBS) carriage in women. Because of the relatively high cost of NNA agar, a study was initiated to determine whether Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid (CNA) agar would be an equally sensitive, more economical alternative. A total of 580 cervical-vaginal and/or rectal specimens submitted for detection of GBS were included in the study. Each was plated onto NNA and CNA agar and then inoculated into SBM. GBS were recovered from 95 of 580 (16.4%) specimens, including 61 isolates from CNA, 74 from NNA, 73 from the CNA-SMB combination, and 86 from the NNA-SMB tandem. Of those, 22 isolates were recovered on NNA but not CNA, 9 were cultured on CNA but not NNA, 52 were isolated on both media, and 12 were recovered from subcultures of SBM only. The overall sensitivity of CNA alone (64. 2%) was statistically significantly less than that of NNA agar (77. 9%), as was the sensitivity of combination of CNA plus SBM (76.8%) compared to that of NNA plus SBM (90.5%). Based on these findings, CNA should not be considered an acceptable alternative to NNA for the detection of GBS colonization in women despite potential cost savings.

Agar↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar.

A total of 447 cervical or vaginal specimens were inoculated in parallel onto peptone-starch-dextrose (PSD) and Columbia colistin (10 mg/ml)-nalidixic acid (15 mug/ml) (CNA) agar and were incubated for 48 h at 35 degrees C in an atmosphere with 2 to 10% CO2. One hundred (22.4%) of the cultures were positive for Haemophilus vaginalis. Forty-eight of the isolates were recovered from both PSD and Columbia CNA agar, five from PSD only, and 47 from Columbia CNA agar only (P less than 0.001). On Columbia CNA agar, 76 of the isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation, and the remainder were detected within 4 days of incubation.

Agar↗
PubMed1969

Potentiation of inhibitory activity of colistin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa by sulphamethoxazole and sulphamethizole.

Potentiation of colistin by sulphamethoxazole and sulphamethizole was demonstrated with 19 out of 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This enhancement was bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic. Synergy between trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole was also demonstrated with four strains of Ps. aeruginosa, but even when the two drugs were combined high concentrations of trimethoprim were still required to produce a bactericidal effect. Combinations of sulphamethoxazole and gentamicin appeared to be synergistic when the bacteriostatic effect was measured, but the combined bactericidal effect was indifference. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect of combinations of carbenicillin with sulphamethoxazole was also indifference.

Aniline Compounds↗