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Results for “Child Reactive Disorders”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Family treatment in the health setting: the need for innovation.

While the important role families play vis-à-vis illness is generally recognized, there are relatively few clinical encounters with entire families reported by social workers in health settings. Some of the possible explanations for this are examined, with a recommendation for the design of interventions based on a family systems perspective. Two areas requiring further investigation are highlighted: the element of uncertainty which confronts families coping with chronic life-threatening illness and the impact of serious illness on children. By conceptualizing new ways to help families adapt, social workers can make a significant contribution clinically and reaffirm their position in this domain.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Who gets referred? Child psychiatric consultation in a pediatric hospital.

The authors approach the question, "Who receives a child psychiatry consultation?" in several ways. First, by reviewing the consultation patterns in a pediatric hospital over a five year period as a new array of liaison services were being provided, they found the overall consultation rate decreased. Yet in absolute numbers the referral rate for consultation around diagnostic issues remained relatively constant. This underlines the core importance of the child psychiatry consultant as diagnostician. Second, in matching a group of children receiving a psychiatric consultation against a group of children who did not, the authors found somewhat more psychosocial information recorded in the charts of the former group. However, it is doubtful that this played any direct role in the generation of the referral per se. The authors stress the finding that the pediatric hospital is a medical setting and unless the child's psychological problems impinge directly on that system, such problems are likely to remain hidden and beyond the scope of the consultation process.

Awareness↗
PubMed1978

Mothers and children in hospital.

Between 1965-1972 244 individual mothers were admitted on 283 occasions accompanied by 287 children to a general hospital unit. This cohort has been followed up to ascertain re-admission to any New Zealand psychiatric facility for two follow-ups at 1-8 years and 5-12 years. A postal survey of attitudes was also carried out. The content of the replies has been analysed, with statistical and anecdotal accounts of patients' and husbands' expressed feelings and attitudes. These are compared with observations in the literature about themes of hostility and anxiety. The circumstances surrounding the homicide of a baby in this series together with our various rationalisations, value judgements and assessment of the situations are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Maternal deprivation: can its ghost be laid?

The hypothesis that separation from an established mother figure in early childhood has a detrimental effect on a child's later mental health has been widely promulgated and commonly accepted both in academic and lay circles throughout the Western world. The hypothesis continues to have a significant effect on mothers' decision as to whether they should resume work or not, and on governmental policy concerning the provision of child-care facilities for the children of those mothers who do. The evidence for the hypothesis is reviewed and it is concluded that it does not satisfy the requirements of scientific methodology. The theory that a child's attachment to its mother figure is the emotional basis for its future love relationships, group affiliations and loyalty to the state, is now being accorded similar acceptance without further evidence than that supporting the original hypothesis.

Child↗
PubMed1983

A review of research relevant to custody and access disputes.

With the high rate of marriage breakdown, increasing numbers of children are becoming the subjects of custody and access disputes. The Courts are looking to the services of psychiatrists in these matters. They value our expert opinion on the least detrimental available alternative for the child. This paper reviews available research data which are relevant to psychiatric testimony on the determination of exclusive custody, joint custody and access. It is concluded that there is emerging an objective body of data which can buttress psychiatric opinion in these matters, but that a number of the principles which have guided the Courts to date, have not been thoroughly researched.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Psychopathology and development: II. Childhood experiences and personality development.

Concepts and empirical findings are reviewed with regard to personality development and to the role of childhood experiences in that process. It is concluded that personality development cannot be reduced to the stabilisation of behavioural traits, to the production of a fixed personality structure or to the acquisition of social-cognitive skills, although there is some form of personality organisation in terms of habits, attitudes, concepts and styles of behaviour. Personality development takes place in a social context, with both continuities and discontinuities stemming from maturational and experiential factors and interactions between them. Chains of indirect linkages result from complex patterns of circular processes involving reciprocal interactions between children and their environments. No single mechanism is responsible and no one theory provides an explanation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Traumatic symptomatology in children who witness marital violence.

For many years, research has demonstrated the devastating effects of violence upon children, particularly in the form of direct physical and sexual abuse. What has only recently come to into focus are the potential effects of witnessing violence upon children. This area of vicarious victimization seems of particular import given the fact that so many youngsters are known to witness violent acts within their own households. This paper shall review the psychological effects which may be effected upon children as a result of witnessing marital violence. Relevant research issues concerning the potential roles of moderating and mediating variables will also be discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Extreme psychogenic shock states in childhood].

An attempt is made in this paper to describe a syndrome consequent upon extreme psychogenic shock situations, which has been observed in a number of children. This syndrome is characterized by panic, flight, and anxiety during the actual event, which are followed by a relatively prolonged period of exclusion from consciousness of painful memories. Besides, there may be observed neurotic symptoms manifesting themselves in a decrease in proficiency level, refusal to establish contacts with other people, and mental digestion of the events. Assimilation of the events by intensive psychotherapy seems to be possible within about six months. Also discussed in this paper is the problem of actual neurosis and the origin of preconscious repression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Testifying in criminal court: emotional effects on child sexual assault victims.

Child victims must cope not only with the emotional consequences of criminal acts but also with the potentially traumatizing effects of legal involvement. Dramatic increases in the reporting of child sexual abuse are bringing greater numbers of children into contact with the criminal justice system, raising fears that child victims of sex crimes will be further harmed by the courts. In the present study, the effects of criminal court testimony on child sexual assault victims were examined in a sample of 218 children. From this sample, the behavioral disturbance of a group of "testifiers" was compared to that of a matched control group of "nontestifiers" at three points following testimony: 3 months, 7 months, and after prosecution ended. At 7 months, testifiers evinced greater behavioral disturbance than nontestifiers, especially if the testifiers took the stand multiple times, were deprived of maternal support, and lacked corroboration of their claims. Once prosecution ended, adverse effects of testifying diminished. In courthouse interviews before and after testifying, the main fear expressed by children concerned having to face the defendant. Children who appeared more frightened of the defendant while testifying were less able to answer the prosecutors' questions; and later, after the cases were closed, they were more likely to say that testifying had affected them adversely. The two most pervasive predictors of children's experiences in the courtroom, however, were age and severity of abuse. Despite relevant laws, few innovative techniques were used to help the children testify. The results are discussed in relation to children's ability to cope with stressful situations, the interaction of the legal system with the child/family system, and debates about the need to protect child victims who testify in criminal court.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychosocial symptoms in children of hemodialysis patients].

Serious somatic illness in a parent represents a risk factor for psychosocial abnormalities in children. In a cross sectional study 24 families with a parent undergoing hemodialysis and at least one child living at home were examined. Patients, their spouses, children up from age 11 as well as the nephrologists in charge of the dialysis treatment were interrogated. In the parental perspective of a symptom checklist (CBCL), the children on average did not have higher scores for psychosocial abnormalities than a normative sample. In the self-reporting perspective (YSR), however, the adolescents averaged clinically abnormal scores. The discrepancy between the parental and the children's self-reporting scores were significant, which indicates an underestimation of children's psychological stress by both parents. Case analysis revealed a concentration of abnormalities within a quarter of the sample. This smaller subgroup showed clinically relevant scores in psychosocial abnormalities in the parental perspective, too. Younger children and children with additional life stressors had higher scores in psychosocial abnormalities. Futhermore, children's problems were correlated with depressive symptoms in one or both parents, which indicates an increased risk for children's psychological maladaptation in cases of depressive maladjustment to the illness in the ill parent or his spouse. It is concluded that children at special risk should be identified as early as possible. When problems are detected, counselling support should be offered to affected families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

[Chronically ill and psychologically impaired? Results of a new literature analysis].

Based on earlier literature analyses, this study summarizes more recent research on the links between chronic illness and psychopathology. This analysis was conducted on specific types of illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, asthma and arthritis. Results show increased psychopathology among chronically ill children and adolescents in most studies. Duration of illness, severity of illness as well as gender unsystematically impacted this process. Noteworthy, too, is that some studies reported quite low psychopathology and even higher life quality in chronically ill children and adolescents. In some cases this can be considered as a sign of defense mechanisms.

Adolescent↗