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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in olfactory heart rate conditioning.

The role of the central nucleus of the amygdala on olfactory heart rate conditioning in the infant rat was investigated. The conditioned stimulus consisted of a 10-s presentation of grape juice odor that was immediately followed by a 0.5-s, 0.35-mA subcutaneous shock. A sensitization control group was also run. Three days prior to testing, Ss received either bilateral electrolytic lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala, sham lesions, or were left unperturbed. Results show that damage to the central nucleus of the amygdala severely impaired olfactory heart rate conditioning but that it had no deleterious effect on the heart rate orienting response to that stimulus or on the heart rate unconditioned response to shock. Results are analogous to those in previous research on auditory heart rate conditioning and suggest that the central nucleus of the amygdala may constitute a necessary stage in the transduction of a conditioned stimulus into a cardiac conditioned response regardless of sensory modality.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1979

[The relative ejection time under different conditions of cardiac stress and in aortic valve disease (author's transl)].

In 51 healthy young people the carotid arterial pulse wave was registered externally during bicycle-exercise in a lying position. The ejection time in relation to the duration of diastole (not pulse period or heart rate!) increased significantly. These results are compared with measurements made by Schulz (15) who found normal ejection times in tachycardia provoked by pacer-stimulation and shortened values during isoproterenol-induced tachycardia. Women have longer ejection times than men especially under physical stress. In 18 patients suffering from aortic insufficiency, ejection times were slightly prolonged and in 28 patients who had a systolic pressure gradient of more than 20 mm Hg between the left ventricle and the aorta ejection times were markedly prolonged. There is also a significant positive correlation between ejection time and pressure gradient. The authors consider that the autonomic innervation plays an important role in the duration of ejection time in normal subjects while in patients with aortic heart disease the ejection time is predominantly influenced by mechanical factors. For the diagnosis of the severity of aortic stenosis measurements of ejection time are only useful in connection with other clinical parameters (pulse pressure, creast time of the arterial pulse wave).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Emergency surgery of the neonates.

A review of 1,666 neonatal surgical operations is given. According to the presenting symptoms the cases are divided into five major groups: skin defects and obvious malformations, tumours, acute abdominal conditions, respiratory emergencies, and cardiac conditions. The number of cases in each group are presented in tables and the surgical mortality of the most important conditions are similarly presented. Prematurity and associated malformations are pointed out as the most important factors causing death in neonatal surgery. While it is difficult to influence their existence, it is always possible to improve the diagnostic readiness and surgical skills.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1988

De novo cardiac beta adrenoceptor synthesis in adult rats under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Bromoacetylalprenololmenthane (BAAM), an alkylating irreversible beta adrenoceptor antagonist, was used to study in vivo beta adrenoceptor synthesis in adult rat left ventricle under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In normoxic conditions cardiac beta adrenoceptor density decreased by 50% 15 h after treatment and recovered to control values after about 250 h. A similar decrease in receptor density and pattern of recovery was found in environmental hypoxia. Neither hypoxia nor treatment with BAAM had a significant effect on the dissociation constant of the radioligand. These results show that cardiac beta adrenoceptor synthesis occurs rather slowly and suggest that alteration of the rate of receptor synthesis in hypoxic states is not a major determinant of reported changes in density.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

In vitro evaluation of nicorandil, diltiazem, and prostaglandin E1 on hypothermic injury to immature myocytes.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the functional and biochemical effects of nicorandil (NRD), diltiazem (DTZ), or prostaglandin E1 (PGE) on cardiac myocytes incubated under hypothermic conditions. Cardiac myocytes were isolated from neonatal rat ventricles and cultured for 4 days with MCDB 107 medium. Myocytes (12.5 x 10(5) myocytes/flask) were then incubated at 4 degrees C for 24 hr in media containing various concentrations of NRD, DTZ, or PGE. After hypothermic incubation, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. The myocytes were then cultured for an additional 24 hr at 37 degrees C to evaluate the recovery of myocyte beating rate. In the nicorandil groups, 10(-4) M NRD showed significantly increased beating rate recovery compared to control (44.2% vs 24.6%, respectively, as a percentage of control, i.e., beating rate prior to hypothermic incubation). Treatment with 10(-6) M diltiazem showed no beneficial effects (10(-6) M: 25.2%; control: 29.8%); however, beating was not observed at 10(-4) or 10(-5) M. There were no significant changes among the PGE groups. The release of CPK and LDH was significantly suppressed with 10(-4) M NRD (10(-4) M: 24.1, 257.2 MIU/flask; control: 125.4, 459.5 mIU/flask, respectively). However, 10(-4) M DTZ showed significantly increased CPK and LDH levels compared to the control (10(-4) M: 203.3, 883.4 mIU/flask; control: 112.3, 457.4 mIU/flask, respectively). There were no significant differences for CPK and LDH levels among the PGE groups. In conclusion, nicorandil has protective characteristics for immature myocytes that may be suitable for cardiac preservation in the neonatal period.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1993

In vitro evaluation of diltiazem on hypothermic injury to immature myocytes.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the functional and biochemical effects of diltiazem (DTZ) on cardiac myocytes incubated under hypothermic conditions. Cardiac myocytes were isolated from neonatal rat ventricles and cultured for 4 days with MCDB 107 medium. Then, myocytes (12.5 x 10(5) myocytes/flask) were incubated at 4 degrees C for 24 hours in media with or without DTZ at concentrations of 0 M (group C), 10(-7) M (Group D1), 10(-6) M (group D2), 10(-5) M (group D3), or 10(-4) M (group D4). After 24 hours at 4 degrees C, CPK and LDH were measured. The myocytes were then cultured for 24 hours at 37 degrees C to evaluate the recovery of the myocyte beating rate. In group C (n = 7), the recovery ratio of the myocyte beating rate was 29.9% of control (beating rate prior to hypothermic incubation). Groups D1 and D2 (n = 7 each) had approximately the same recovery ratios as group C (24.0% and 24.7%, respectively); however, groups D3 and D4 (n = 7 each) showed no beating rate recovery. Release of CPK and LDH in group C was 112.3 mIU/flask and 457.4 mIU/flask, respectively. Groups D1 and D2 showed no significant differences in both enzymes compared to group C. However, the levels of CPK were significantly higher in group D4 (203.3, p < 0.05), and LDH levels were significantly higher in groups D3 and D4 (669.3, p < 0.05; 883.4, p < 0.02). In conclusion, DTZ showed no protective effects on hypothermic injury to immature cardiac myocytes; moreover, it accelerated cellular injury at the concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-4) M both functionally and biochemically. Therefore, diltiazem may not be suitable for cardiac preservation during the neonatal period.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

An in vitro evaluation of prostaglandin E1 and I2 on hypothermic injury to immature myocytes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and biochemical effects of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) on cardiac myocytes incubated under hypothermic conditions. Cardiac myocytes were isolated from neonatal rat ventricles and cultured for 4 days with MCDB 107 medium. Following this, 12.5 x 10(5) myocytes/flask were incubated at 4 degrees C for 24 h in media with PGE1, at concentrations of 0 M (group E0), 10(-9) M (group E1), 10(-8) M (group E2), 10(-7) M (group E3), or 10(-6) M (group E4); or with PGI2 at concentrations of 0 M PGI (group I0), 10(-9) M (group I1), 10(-8) M (group 12), 10(-7) M (group I3), or 10(-6) M (group I4). After hypothermic incubation, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured, and the myocytes were then cultured for 24 h at 37 degrees C to evaluate the recovery of the myocyte beating rate. Of the PGI2 groups, only group I2 recovered significantly more than the control group (group I0), at 47.9 +/- 28.5% (mean +/- SD) of the control, being the beating rate prior to hypothermic incubation, whereas it was 18.1 +/- 9.7% in group I0 (P < 0.025); however, there were no significant differences among the PGE1 groups. Moreover, the release of CPK and LDH was significantly suppressed in group 12 compared to the control, being 57.7 +/- 27.6 mIU/flask (P < 0.05) and 275.1 +/- 83.0 mIU/flask (P < 0.025), respectively, in group I2, and 96.8 +/- 38.3 mIU/flask and 439.6 +/- 147.1 mIU/flask in group I0. Again, no significant differences were observed among the PGE1 groups. In conclusion, PGI2 was found to have a direct cytoprotective effect on immature myocytes which suggests that PGI2 may promote cardiac preservation in the neonatal period.

Alprostadil↗