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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Isolation of Corynebacterium group JK from clinical specimens with a semiselective medium.

A semiselective medium for the detection of multiresistant lipophilic corynebacteria is described. The medium consisted of tryptose agar, supplemented with Tween 80, lecithin, histidine, glycerol, sodium thiosulfate, fosfomycin, ticarcillin, and 5-fluorocytosine. The medium was tentatively called lecithin-Tween medium (LT medium). It promoted mainly the growth of Corynebacterium group JK, which has recently been identified as a cause of serious infection in immunocompromised patients. The application of LT medium to 6,859 routine clinical specimens increased the percentage of Corynebacterium group JK isolation from 0.1 to 1.0%. Although a total of 72 isolates were found in 65 patients, on the basis of clinical criteria only 2 patients were regarded as having an infection with these bacteria. Consequently, Corynebacterium group JK infection can only be diagnosed through a combination of clinical and microbiological findings. In high-risk areas, however, the use of LT medium for surveillance may facilitate the early detection of these potentially dangerous organisms.

Agar↗
PubMed1988

Skin colonization by Corynebacterium groups D2 and JK in hospitalized patients.

To determine the prevalence of Corynebacterium group D2 and JK organisms on the skin of different types of patients, 200 hospitalized subjects, half of them admitted to a university hospital and the others in a chronic care institution, were surveyed. Samples were taken from the axilla, groin, and abdominal wall. Corynebacterium group D2 and JK organisms were isolated from at least one of the three skin sites in both groups of patients. Only five patients harbored groups D2 and JK at the same time but a different skin sites. The rate of colonization by group D2 organisms was higher in females (43.3%) than in males (17.7%); on the contrary, group JK organisms were isolated more frequently from males (32.1%) than from females (13.5%). All these differences were statistically significant. Corynebacterium group D2 and JK organisms are widely distributed on the skin of hospitalized patients, and the prevalence is sex related.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Corynebacterium seminale sp. nov., a new species associated with genital infections in male patients.

We studied 12 coryneform isolates having similar biochemical profiles which did not permit their assignment to any recognized taxa. Human semen was the source for seven of these strains, whereas the other strains were isolated from urethra, urine, and blood specimens of adult male patients. These bacteria were found in significant quantities (10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml) in semen specimens from infertile male patients with the diagnosis of prostatitis. These strains had characteristics of the genus Corynebacterium, such as 60 mol% G + C in the DNA and corynemycolic acids, meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose in the cell wall. Quantitative DNA-DNA hybridizations (S1 nuclease procedure) and phylogenies based on comparisons of almost-complete small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed that these strains constitute a single new species within the genus Corynebacterium. All 12 strains showed similar phenotypic features, i.e., good growth on sheep blood agar in contrast with poor growth on the same medium supplemented with 1% Tween 80, a positive CAMP test in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, glucose and sucrose fermentation, and the presence of beta-glucuronidase. Some strains reduced nitrate and hydrolyzed urea or esculin. These features allowed us to distinguish these strains from members of any other coryneform taxon, and the proposed name is Corynebacterium seminale with strain IBS B12915 (CIP 104297) as the type strain. The description and delineation of these strains as a new species should be useful for further studies, including evaluations of their prevalence among the normal flora and their clinical implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fatal sepsis caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum in a premature infant.

Corynebacterium amycolatum has not been reported as a cause of human infections up to now, but usually the bacterium is misidentified in clinical specimens as Corynebacterium xerosis. We report the first case of neonatal sepsis due to Corynebacterium amycolatum with a fatal outcome in a premature infant.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of the RapID CB Plus system for identification of Corynebacterium species and other gram-positive rods.

Due to the difficulty of identifying Corynebacterium spp. with standard methods, we compared them with the RapID CB Plus system (Remel, Lenexa, Kans. [formerly Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.]), which consists of 4 carbohydrate and 14 preformed enzyme tests, for the identification of 98 clinical isolates of Corynebacterium sp., other coryneforms, Listeria monocytogenes, and 17 ATCC strains. Forty (95%) of 42 strains of Corynebacterium spp. were accurately identified to the species level by the RapID CB Plus system, and two additional strains of C. striatum were identified with one additional conventional test for lipid requirement. Twenty-seven (75%) of the 36 coryneform strains tested were identified correctly to the species level. However, three of four strains of Brevibacterium sp. and all seven of the L. monocytogenes strains were identified to the genus level only. Actinomyces strains had variable results, and the one strain of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum tested was not identified. Overall, the RapID CB Plus system compared favorably with the conventional methods, was easy to inoculate and interpret, and is promising as a new method for identification of gram-positive bacilli.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2001

Isolation and characterization of a black-pigmented Corynebacterium sp. from a woman with spontaneous abortion.

An unusual black-pigmented coryneform bacterium was isolated from the urogenital tract of a woman who experienced a spontaneous abortion during month 6 of pregnancy. Biochemical and chemotaxonomic analyses demonstrated that the unknown bacterium belonged to the genus Corynebacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences (GenBank accession no. AF220220) revealed that the organism was a member of a distinct subline which includes uncultured Corynebacterium MTcory 1P (GenBank accession no. AF115934), derived from prostatic fluid, and Corynebacterium CDC B8037 (GenBank accession no. AF033314), an uncharacterized black-pigmented coryneform bacterium. On the basis of chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, this organism probably represents a new species and is most closely related to the uncharacterized Centers for Disease Control and Prevention group 4 coryneforms. Our strain is designated CN-1 (ATCC 700975).

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2002

Characteristics of rare or recently described corynebacterium species recovered from human clinical material in Canada.

Nineteen new Corynebacterium species or taxa described since 1995 have been associated with human disease. We report the characteristics of 72 strains identified as or most closely resembling 14 of these newer, medically relevant Corynebacterium species or taxa, as well as describe in brief an isolate of Corynebacterium bovis, a rare pathogen for humans. The bacteria studied in this report were nearly all derived from human clinical specimens and were identified by a polyphasic approach. Most were characterized by nearly full 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Some isolates were recovered from previously unreported sources and exhibited unusual phenotypes or represented the first isolates found outside Europe. Products of fermentation, with emphasis on the presence or absence of propionic acid, were also studied in order to provide an additional characteristic with which to differentiate among phenotypically similar species.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fatal pneumonia caused by Corynebacterium group JK after treatment of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.

A 76-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital because of chronic renal insufficiency and chronic hepatitis died of Corynebacterium group JK pneumonia, after showing a slight improvement by treatment of Staphylococcus aureus with sulbactam/cefoperazone and minocycline. Transtracheal aspiration (TTA) just before his death revealed numerous gram-positive bacilli phagocytized by many neutrophils and more than 10(8) colony forming units (CFU)/ml of Corynebacterium group JK. A drug susceptibility test showed Corynebacterium group JK was resistant to many antibiotics, with the exception of vancomycin and amikacin.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Clinical, humoral, and pathologic findings in adult alpacas with experimentally induced Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection.

OBJECTIVE: To experimentally infect adult alpacas by ID inoculation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, follow the clinical and pathologic course of disease, and study the humoral response to infection. ANIMALS: 13 adult alpacas. PROCEDURES: 9 alpacas were inoculated with 1.1 X 10(6) CFUs of C pseudotuberculosis from llama (n = 4) or alpaca (5) origin, and 4 alpacas were sham inoculated as controls. Alpacas were clinically observed after inoculation and euthanatized on days 16, 58, 93, or 128 after inoculation; necropsy examination and histologic evaluation were performed. An indirect ELISA, which made use of the C pseudotuberculosis cell wall as the antigen, was used to measure antibody titers in serum samples. RESULTS: Alpacas had a persistent febrile response, a local severe inflammatory response, and leucocytosis (> 30 X 10(3) WBCs/microL). Internal abscesses that localized mainly in the renal lymph node were observed. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was recovered from the inoculation site 1 week after inoculation and from internal abscesses at 58 days after inoculation. Initial lesions were typical pyogranulomas with central caseous necrosis, whereas later lesions consisted of connective tissue, mononuclear cells, abundant neutrophils, and liquefactive necrosis. Infected alpacas had detectable serum antibody titers starting on day 16 that persisted until day 93 after inoculation. Shaminoculated alpacas did not develop serum antibody titers, clinical signs of infection, or lesions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alpacas inoculated with C pseudotuberculosis developed abscesses at the inoculation site and internally in the renal lymph nodes, without lung lesions. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates from llama and alpaca origin were found to be pathogenically indistinct.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Infection due to Corynebacterium species in marrow transplant patients.

A Corynebacterium species consistently resistant to all antibiotic therapy except vancomycin caused bacteremia in 32 of 284 (11%) marrow transplant patients. Twenty-one patients had colonization or infection before bacteremia. Twenty-six of the 32 patients were males, and males older than 16 years were infected significantly more often than females over 16, or than all patient under 16. A case-control study showed that infected patients had greater exposure to antibiotics; more often had failure of engraftment and persistent granulocytopenia; were in laminar air-flow rooms less often; and had greater inhospital mortality. Cultural surveillance showed that 17 of 42 marrow transplant patients were colonized with Corynebacterium species. Likelihood of colonization appeared related to age, sex, and duration of hospitalization. Prevalence of colonization in other populations was 1% in nonhospitalized healthy adults and 13% in adults in a general hospital. Corynebacterium species infections occur primarily in adult males with granulocytopenia, mucocutaneous defects, and receiving intensive antibiotic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Corynebacterium bovis as a pathogen in rabbits.

A Corynebacterium identified as Corynebacterium bovis has been isolated from a chronic testicular abscess and the lung of a laboratory rabbit. The strain, on intravenous injection, reproduced a similar disease in the inguinal and vulval region of an experimental rabbit. Sera from both animals showed increasing titres of agglutinating antibody for the isolated Corynebacterium and for kaolin particles sensitised with the phosphatide antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is suggested that the pathogenicity of C bovis for dairy animals be re-evaluated in view of the uncertainty in the literature.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

[Corynebacterium D2 as a ureolytic organism: report of 5 cases].

Corynebacterium D2, a saprophytic microorganism of skin, causes alkaline encrusted cystitis in patients with a previous bladder injury. In 5 patients that had presented this nosological entity, these gram-positive rods were isolated in urine cultures and calculi. Four patients had undergone urological instrumentation maneuvers and one patient (female) had a history of recurrent cystitis from gram-negative bacteria. Corynebacterium D2 grows slowly and under certain conditions, as those described above, must be considered pathological despite counts of less than 100,000/ufc-cc. It is ureolytic and highly resistant to antibiotics. The synergistic effects of antimicrobials, acetohydroxamic acid and transurethral resection of the lithiasic plaques achieve satisfactory treatment of alkaline encrusted cystitis from Corynebacterium D2.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Infections due to Corynebacterium group D2. Report of a case.

Corynebacterium group D2 is a gram-positive bacillus easily identified in clinical microbiology laboratories. However, this organism is often disregarded as a skin and mucous contaminant. The Spanish literature has recently described Corynebacterium group D2 as a urinary pathogen in a specific patient population. We report a case of Corynebacterium group D2 infection to illustrate the potential pathogenicity and clinical presentation of infection due to this organism in the United States.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Endocarditis due to Corynebacterium xerosis].

Corynebacterium sp. are found as normal flora in skin and mucosal sites. They have been isolated in empyemas, brain abscesses, blood cultures and ventricular shunts. About 9-10% of early-onset and 4-5% late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis are due to different species of the so-called "diphteroids". A 30 year-old white female was admitted after 30 days with fever of undetermined origin. A mitral prosthesis had been fitted in 1977. On physical examination a protomesosystolic mitral murmur, petechiae, retinal hemorrhages and hepatosplenomegaly were detected. Laboratory tests showed 37% hematocrit, 14,800/mm3 white blood cells, 78 mm ESR, urinary sediment: less than 30/h.p.f. red blood cells. A new first-degree A-V block was detected. Blood cultures were negative. Due to persistent fever, progressive anemia, leukocytosis and new vegetations on echocardiogram, surgery was performed. A mitral valve ring abscess was found. Corynebacterium xerosis was isolated from surgical specimens. The strain was found susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cephalotin, cefoxitin, cefoperazone, rifampin, gentamicin, amikacin, and norfloxacin. Studies with clindamycin, disclosed MIC and MBC = 0.25 mg/l. The patient received 1800 mg/day clindamycin for 4 weeks. Serum cidal studies showed a peak concentration 1/128 and a titre of trough 1/4. Negative control blood cultures were obtained. She has remained well for nine months after treatment. Corynebacterium sp. can cause "apparently" negative blood cultures. Blood samples should be incubated for more than 15 days before they can be considered negative. Almost 50% of previously described cases have been detected during the six months after cardiac surgery. Mortality has been high (48%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Corynebacterium group D2. Clinical study, biochemical identification and antibiotic sensitivity].

The comparative study of 44 isolates of Corynebacterium group D2, from urine, most frequently, shows the pathogenic role of these bacteria in urinary tract infection, with or without urinary stones. These microorganisms have an opportunistic behaviour in other non-urinary sites, and become pathogen in immunosuppressed conditions. The rapid tests as urease, glucose acidification, nitrate reductase, associated with multiple resistance to antibiotics (beta-lactams and aminosides) identify easily Corynebacterium group D2, from 48 h cultures under CO2 conditions. The results of MIC determination of 10 antibiotics, show the high activity (100% sensitivity) of vancomycin and pristinamycin, with MIC modes, respectively, 0.5 and 0.03 mg/l. These antibiotics are the most useful for the treatment of non-urinary infections. Among quinolones, the most active agents are ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (MIC modes: 4 and 2 mg/l), so these antimicrobials could be used for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Corynebacterium group D2.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacterin for the immunologic protection of sheep against development of caseous lymphadenitis.

The efficacy of a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacterin to protect sheep immunologically against development of caseous lymphadenitis was evaluated in controlled challenge-exposure experiments. Sixty-three mixed-breed, white-faced lambs were used. The lambs were 10 to 12 weeks old and were randomly assigned to 3 groups (21 lambs/group). Group 1 was vaccinated once, using 2 ml of a C pseudotuberculosis bacterin (given subcutaneously) in the right axillary region at the beginning of the study. Group 2 was vaccinated twice; the 1st vaccination was given at the same time that lambs in group 1 were vaccinated and the 2nd vaccination was given 4 weeks later. Group 3 (nonvaccinated controls) was given physiologic saline solution (2 ml, subcutaneously). Each lamb was challenge exposed (ie, given 2 ml of live Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis inoculum [6 X 10(6) colony-forming units/ml], subcutaneously at 4 different sites) during the 20th week of the study. All lambs were killed and necropsied during week 33. The mean number of abscesses per lamb was 7 for group 1, 4 for group 2, and 32 for group 3. Significant differences in the size of the abscesses were not found between the groups. Results of the study indicated that the vaccine provided immunologic protection of lambs against challenge exposure to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Abortions in cows caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes].

Bacteriologic investigations of embryos, fetuses, and placentae of cows that had miscarried, uterine and milk samples taken from animals with endometritis and mastitis, and bull semen samples revealed the presence of Corynebacterium pyogenes. It was established that this organism ranks first in the group of occasionally pathogenic microflora that was associated with the occurrence of abortions in cows. It was isolated from in 9.2 per cent of the cases from fetuses, 5.3 per cent of the cases from embryos, and 8.1 per cent of the cases from placentae. On farms with records of Corynebacterium pyogenes abortions all endometritis and mastitis cases could be associated with the same infection. The organisms was demonstrated in the uterine secretion in both clinically normal cows and bull semen. Corynebacterium pyogenes was found to be viable for a long time, and, therefore, represented a serious source of infection--abortions, endometritis, and mastitis.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1988

DNA methylation in leprosy-associated bacteria: Mycobacterium leprae and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum.

The DNAs of two kinds of microorganisms from human leprosy lesion, Mycobacterium leprae and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum (also known as "leprosy-derived corynebacterium" or LDC), have been analysed and compared with the genomes of reference bacteria of the CMN group (genera Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium and Nocardia). The guanine-plus-cytosine content (% GC) of DNA was determined by a double-labelling procedure, which is unaffected by the presence of modified and unusual bases (that alter both buoyant density and mid-melting-point determinations). Accordingly, the DNAs of seven LDC strains had GC values of 54-56 mol %, and that of armadillo-grown M. leprae a value of 54.8 +/- 0.9 mol %. Restriction patterns disclosed no methylated cytosine in the DNA sequences CCGG, GGCC, AGCT and GATC of either LDC or M. leprae DNA. N6-methyl adenine was present in the sequence GATC of all LDC strains, but was missing from the genomes of all others CMN organisms analysed, including M. leprae. By HPLC analysis of LDC-DNA hydrolysates, it was found that N6-methyladenine amounted to 1.8% of total DNA adenine, and was present exclusively within GATC sequences, which appeared all to be methylated. It is concluded that LDC represent a group of corynebacteria endowed with high genetic homogeneity and a unique restriction pattern, whereby their genome is easily distinguished from that of M. leprae, which has a similar base composition.

Adenine↗