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AIMS: To determine the number and type of HIV tests requested in general practice (GP) and in hospital outpatient clinics, to identify principle risk behaviors, to determine the percentage of HIV positive tests and to identify possible factors associated with the request of HIV tests. METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical and observational study, involving 80 GPs and 45 hospital specialists in the region of Lisbon. All requests for HIV tests were analysed during a 12 month period. RESULTS: 936 HIV tests were requested, with a mean of 12.47 in GP and 0.69 in the hospital. Risk behaviors observed were mainly heterosexual contacts and intravenous drug abuse (IVDA). The motives of the requests mainly were pregnancy, risk behaviors in GP and the presence of symptoms suggesting HIV infection in the hospital. The initiative of the request came from doctors in 70% of the cases. The percentage of HIV positive tests (ELISA + Western blot) was 4.2% in GP and 32% in the hospital. According to risk behaviors, the percentage of seropositivity was 33% in homo/bisexuals, 13% in IVDA, 7% in heterosexuals with risk behaviors and 0.2% in individuals with unidentified risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of request of HIV tests differ in hospital and in GP. In a significant percentage of cases, no informed consent was obtained prior to HIV testing, both in hospital and GP. This study may serve as an indicator of the need for information and education programs concerning HIV testing directed to health professionals and the general population.
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The tradition of "Gesundheitsregimina" is based on the ancient model of equilibrium ruling physical and non-physical life and going back also to mediaeval dietetics that reached its acme in the university of Salerno. Anonymus Luneburgensis proves to be an experienced medical author who apparently made his living at least in part by writing (concilia) for certain persons. Such conciliaries might contain general rules for preserving health, for example for the various seasons of the year, or provide specific advice on secondary prevention or treatment. The 2 Luneburg regimen texts "Medical advice on how to deal with podagra", and "Medical advice on treating catarrh or colds" are presented.
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