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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The reporting of communicable diseases: a controlled study of Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae infections.

Surveillance systems for communicable diseases in the United States are primarily passive. We compared the passive reporting system for invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae with a concurrent, active laboratory-based system in the four metropolitan counties of Tennessee. The passive reporting system identified approximately 50% of all cases that were identified by the active system and accurately reflected trends in disease occurrence during the study period. Of all reported cases, physicians contributed fewer than 4%. Nearly 40% of all hospitals in the study area did not participate in the passive system. This lack of participation resulted in disproportionately increased reporting of disease among blacks. Inconsistencies in case definition within the state also contributed substantially to underreporting and lack of demographic representativeness of reported cases. The median reporting interval (the time from the onset of disease to transmission of the case report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) was 24 days (range, 5-157 days). Efforts to improve surveillance of those infections for which isolation of a pathogen is tantamount to a diagnosis should concentrate on laboratory-based reporting and the use of currently available computer telecommunication systems.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2003

Control of communicable diseases. Interim final rule with comment period.

The Public Health Service Act authorizes the Secretary, in consultation with the Surgeon General, to make and enforce regulations as are necessary to prevent the introduction, transmission or spread of communicable diseases from foreign countries into the States or possessions, or from one State or possession into any other State or possession. The existing regulations are outdated and do not address communicable diseases that currently pose a substantial public health threat. As of April 2, 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported 2236 cases and 78 deaths related to outbreaks of a severe form of pneumonia of unknown origin in Hong Kong SAR, Vietnam, Guangdong province in southern China, Canada, Singapore, and Thailand, which appears to have spread rapidly. For this reason, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert about cases of atypical pneumonia and recommended that travelers with atypical pneumonia who may be related to these outbreaks be placed into isolation and assessed by quarantine officials. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is currently investigating 85 suspected cases of the disease in the United States. This is being issued as an interim final rule because this newly-detected disease is likely spread in person-to-person fashion and may have an adverse public health impact if further introduced into the United States.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2005

[Complementary to notification required by the national Protection against Infection Act. State-specific mandatory infectious disease notification in Saxony-Anhalt].

In May 1991 a decree supplementing the federal Epidemic Law concerning the mandatory notification of communicable diseases was implemented by the Ministry of Health in Saxony-Anhalt. This was updated and newly implemented in 1997. With implementation of the national Protection against Infection Act in 2001 further amendment of the state regulation (published in April 2005) be came necessary. The following diseases or laboratory evidence of the underlying pathogens, respectively, will now be notifiable with inclusion of the affected individual's name: aseptic meningitis, mumps, rubella, varicella, epidemickera to conjunctivitis, pertussis, and pneumococcal meningitis. The possibility of preventing further spread of the pathogen to others though immediate implementation of preventive measures by the public health service justifies notification of the individual's name. Furthermore, the epidemiological situation is to be monitored and evaluated. This also applies to Lyme disease, which will be anonymously notifiable. Particular emphasis is placed on vaccine-preventable diseases in the state regulation for mandatory notification in Saxony-Anhalt, since priority is placed on attaining the health goal "age-appropriate vaccination status in over 90% of the population". The state-specific notification regulation of Saxony-Anhalt has worked well in preventing and controlling communicable diseases. It is a source of reliable data, which may be helpful in the discussion regarding the amendment of the Protection against Infection Act. Non-anonymous notification should be enforced nationally at least for all vaccine-preventable diseases for which a post-exposure vaccination is recommended by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO).

Communicable Disease Control↗