Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bronchoscopes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Diagnostic value of pleuro-examination with fiberoptic bronchoscope in indefinite pleural effusions].

The diagnostic value of pleuro-examination with fiberoptic bronchoscope in indefinite pleural effusions was studied. Pleuro-examination with fiberoptic bronchoscope has been performed in 10 cases with indefinite pleural effusions, and its diagnostic value and complications have been observed. The results showed that the diagnoses were confirmed in 9 of 10 patients submitted to pleuro-examination, and no severe complications were found. The results suggest that pleuro-examination with fiberoptic bronchoscope is an effective and safe procedure and might be performed on patients with pleural effusions when routine examinations fail to provide a diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnostic value of p53 protein examination in lung cancer through preoperative fibro-optic bronchoscope brushing and biospy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of p53 protein in lung cancer and benign pulmonary diseases through preoperative fibro-optic bronchoscope brushing and biospy as an approach to early diagnosis of lung cancer and to explore correlation between the expression of the gene product and metastatic involvement of hilar or mediastial lymph nodes. METHODS: Using a monoclonal antibody against p53, the expression of p53 protein was determined by immunocyto-histochemical techniques. RESULTS: Positive staining of p53 protein of cells obtained form bronchoscopic brushing and biospy was 33.3% (12/36) and 47.2% (17/36) respectively in lung cancer patients. There was 61.1% (22/36) positive staining of cells harvested by brushing plus biospy in lung cancer. No correlation between p53 protein expression and cell differentiation, histologic type or pTNM staging. No p53 expression was observed in benign pulmonary diseases. CONCLUSION: p53 protein expression in cells collected from bronchoscopic brushing and biopsy may be useful in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Bronchoscopic, radiologic and pulmonary function evaluation of endobronchial tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) causes problems in both making a diagnosis and following up the endobronchial lesion, because the lesion is not evident in simple chest radiograph. Frequently, the diagnosis and follow up of EBTB lesion during treatment mainly depend on bronchoscopy. Chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) have also been used in evaluating EBTB and differentiating it from the other diseases. Primary purpose of the present study was to observe the change of EBTB lesion during treatment and determine the optimal time and the indication of follow-up bronchoscopy. We also evaluate the usefulness of chest CT and PFT in EBTB. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-one biopsy-proven EBTB patients were enrolled from 1992 to 1997. Endobronchial tuberculosis was classified into seven subtypes: actively caseating, fibrostenotic, oedematous-hyperaemic, tumorous, ulcerative, granular, and non-specific bronchitic type according to bronchoscopic features by Chung's Classification. The change of bronchoscopic findings during treatment in each subtype of EBTB was evaluated prospectively. Follow-up bronchoscopy was done each month until there was no subsequent change in endobronchiat lesion, and every 3 months thereafter, and at the end of treatment. Chest CT and PFT were performed in 26 and 68 patients respectively, at initial bronchoscopy. RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 34 cases of actively caseating EBTB changed into the fibrostenotic type, and the other 12 healed without sequelae. Seven of the 11 cases of oedematous-hyperaemic EBTB changed into the fibrostenotic type, and the other four healed. Nine of the 11 cases of granular EBTB, six cases of non-specific bronchitic EBTB, and two cases of ulcerative EBTB resolved completely. However, the other two cases of granular EBTB changed into the fibrostenotic type. Seven cases of fibrostenotic EBTB did not improve despite antituberculosis chemotherapy. These various changes in bronchoscopic findings occurred within 3 months of treatment. In 10 cases of tumorous EBTB, seven progressed to the fibrostenotic type. In addition, new lesions appeared in two cases, and the size of the initial lesions increased in another two cases, even at 6 months after treatment. On chest CT findings of 26 EBTB patients, the length of bronchial involvement was measured from 10 to 55 mm. Bronchial stricture was noticed in 25 cases and the range of narrowing was from total occlusion to near normal, and there was wide variation in bronchial stricture even within same subtype of EBTB. The dominant feature of PFT in EBTB at the diagnosis was restrictive pattern. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic outcome of each subtype of EBTB can be predicted by follow-up bronchoscopy during the initial 3 months, with the exception of the tumorous type. In tumorous EBTB, the evolution of the lesions during treatment is very complicated, and bronchial stenosis may develop at a later time. Chest CT was useful in measuring the length of involved bronchus and degree of stricture in EBTB. PFT may be useful in differential diagnosis and follow up of EBTB.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

[Is the bronchoscopic criteria of early lung cancer valid?].

We studied the validity of the bronchoscopic criteria of the early lung cancer using the surgical specimen excised between 1980 and 1999. Twenty-four cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung of clinical stage I were located subsegmental or more proximal bronchi and trachea, and the size less than 20 mm in greatest dimension. We histopathologically investigated the endoscopic features in relation to the width of superficial extent, the depth of cancer invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Tumors of the thickened type lesions less than 20 mm in greatest dimension showed no invasion into the cartilaginous layer and no lymph node metastasis. On the other hand, in the nodular and polypoid types, invasion beyond the cartilaginous layer was observed more or less, and lymph node metastasis was observed in 1 case. These cases would not be suitable for bronchoscopic (photodynamic) therapy. In conclusion, the bronchoscopic criteria of early lung cancer is valid in the thickened type, but not in the nodular type or polypoid type.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Bronchoscopic preparation for airway resection.

In patients being considered for tracheobronchial resection and reconstruction, therapeutic bronchoscopy provides a necessary and complementary role to airway resection. Surgeons involved in tracheobronchial reconstruction need to be adept at airway interventions with the flexible and the rigid bronchoscopes. Bronchoscopy is an important part of the evaluation, stabilization, and preparation of the airway before tracheobronchial resection. Therapeutic bronchoscopy also provides the most common alternative to airway resection so that familiarity with the techniques of therapeutic bronchoscopy is important as the surgeon considers the advantages of definitive versus palliative airway management. Furthermore, postoperative complications of tracheobronchial surgery may require therapeutic endoscopic interventions to optimize outcomes after tracheobronchial resection and reconstruction. In patients being considered for airway resection, bronchoscopy provides the most direct assessment for a tissue diagnosis and measurement of the extent of the lesion and its relation to airway landmarks and an assessment of the quality of the airway being considered for anastomosis. Patients who have critical airway stenosis and impending obstruction can be temporized by bronchoscopic dilatation or core out of endoluminal tumor. Bronchoscopic dilatation or core out allows stabilization of the patient, completion of the assessment for surgical resectability, and performance of an elective rather than an emergent surgical resection. By relieving airway obstruction, therapeutic bronchoscopy also can improve the assessment of tumor margins and allow for clearing of an obstructive pneumonia so that postoperative pulmonary and anastomotic complications are minimized. Airway resection remains the preferred definitive approach for benign and malignant airway pathologies, but therapeutic bronchoscopy provides a useful adjunct to surgery in assessing the patient for surgical resection, preparing the patient for surgery, and optimizing postoperative results.

Bronchi↗
PubMed2002

[Bronchoscopic treatment for upper tracheal lesions with a laryngeal mask].

A laryngeal mask provides maintaining airway with a larger inner diameter of the tube. A little information is available about bronchoscopic treatment for upper tracheal lesions. Three patients undergoing bronchoscopic treatment for upper tracheal lesions with a laryngeal mask were reviewed. The patients include 3 women, having 2 thyroid cancers and 1 thyroid goiter. The aims of the procedure were hemostasis and reduction of the tumor with subsequent endotracheal stenting in 2 patients, and endotracheal stenting in one patient. The treatment was performed under general anesthesia using a laryngeal mask. All cases were successfully treated without operative and postoperative complications related to the use of the laryngeal mask placement. Use of a laryngeal mask may facilitate insertion and retrieval of a flexible bronchoscope and instruments with an excellent manipulation in therapeutic bronchoscopy for subglottic and upper tracheal lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Placement of a double-lumen tube using a 6 mm diameter fibro-bronchoscope and a Cook exchange catheter in a patient with unforeseen tracheal intubation difficulty].

The trachea of a 74-year-old man undergoing left pneumonectomy could not be intubated in two attempts after induction of anesthesia with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and rocuronium. Difficult intubation had not been foreseen, but inspection through the laryngoscope revealed Cormack and Lehane grade IV conditions. Because a small-caliber fiberoptic bronchoscope was unavailable for intubation with a double-lumen endobronchial tube, we inserted a No. 9 orotracheal tube with a 6 mm bronchoscope as far as the left main bronchus. Intubation was aided by a universal adaptor for fiberoptics with a face mask and a Williams cannula. We were then able to ventilate the patient manually with 100% oxygen during bronchoscopy. As selective ventilation was required during surgery, a No. 11 Cook-type airway exchange catheter was inserted into the left main bronchus, the tracheal tube was removed, and was used to guide a No. 39F left double-lumen endobronchial tube through the bronchus. Insertion was uncomplicated and selective ventilation was satisfactory. The technique described is a new application for the Cook exchange catheter that allows selective bronchial in difficult cases when a small-caliber fiberoptic bronchoscope is unavailable.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Advances in bronchoscopy--new and upcoming bronchoscopic methods at the dawn of the 21st century.

The last decade has seen the increasing application of bronchoscopic methods such as transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of lung cancer as well as in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, balloon dilatation using flexible bronchoscopy, development of new tracheobronchial stents to manage central airway obstruction, autofluorescence bronchoscopy for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and pediatric flexible bronchoscopy. There is also a better understanding in the mechanisms and management of hypoxemia during bronchoscopy such as upper airway obstruction. Recent developments include direct endobronchial ultrasound to increase the yield of transbronchial needle aspiration, high magnification bronchoscopy to assist in the diagnosis of early lung cancer and bronchoscopic lung volume reduction to gain the effects lung volume reduction surgery without the need for surgery in patients with severe emphysema. In this article the new and upcoming bronchoscopic techniques are discussed, which we believe will find a broader clinical application in the near future to manage patients in a better way.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1988

[Does directed bronchoscopic bronchial cleansing have an advantage over conventional suctioning? A prospective study of hemodynamics, gas exchange and suction-induced mucosal lesions in long-term ventilated patients].

Hypoxic complications and epithelial damage to the trachea and bronchi during conventional blind suctioning have been described in the literature. Fiberoptic suctioning and examination of the trachea of each long-term ventilator patient as a routine method has been recommended in recent studies. We investigated the effect of a conventional tracheal suction technique compared to precise fiberbronchoscopic suction on cardiocirculatory function and gas exchange in mechanically ventilated patients. METHOD. In 40 long-term ventilator patients tracheobronchial toilet was performed either conventionally (group I; n = 20; 15 s of endotracheal suction with no mechanical ventilation during suctioning) or bronchoscopically (group II; n = 20; bronchoscope Olympus 1 T 10; mechanical ventilation during suctioning). Measurements were performed before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 5, and 15 min after suctioning. FIO2 was not changed before or after suctioning. In 12 long-term ventilator patients (greater than or equal to 8 days) we looked for tracheal mucosal lesions produced by conventional suctioning. RESULTS. There was no effect on cardiocirculatory function in either group (Figs. 1 and 2), but we found a decrease in arterial PO2 after suctioning in all patients (group I from 99 +/- 25 to 81 +/- 19 mmHg, group II from 104 +/- 23 to 80 +/- 17 mmHg [Fig. 3]). The time needed to re-establish the initial PaO2 after suctioning was significantly different in both groups. Whereas the PaO2 returned to the initial value within 2 min after conventional suctioning, we found a decrease in PaO2 in the bronchoscopic group even after 15 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative bronchoscopic characteristics of protracted and chronic bronchitis].

Comparative bronchoscopic characterization of lingering and chronic bronchitis was studied. The results of a bronchoscopic study and qualitative-quantitative evaluation of the data obtained showed that in most cases lingering bronchitis was characterized endoscopically by distinct inflammatory bronchial changes which in their spreading and intensity did not differ from those in chronic bronchitis. A conclusion is that an increase in a degree of hypersecretion, a mucopurulent and purulent type of the bronchial contents can serve as an endoscopic sign to differentiate between lingering and chronic bronchitis. The bronchoscopic results indicate that lingering bronchitis is a late symptom of a pathological process in the bronchial system. Therefore new clinical criteria are required for the detection of earlier stages of pathology of the respiratory tracts.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The role of the fibreoptic bronchoscope in the diagnosis of bronchial neoplasm.

We report our experience from January 1980 to December 1985 with the fibreoptic bronchoscope in the evaluation of bronchial disease, particularly bronchial neoplasm. Bronchoscopy was performed in 456 patients (329 men, 127 women) and the pathological results were analysed retrospectively. The main indications for bronchoscopy were the radiological findings of a central mass (22%), a peripheral mass (18%), lobar or segmental collapse (14%), unresolved pneumonia (13%), and haemoptysis as a symptom (15%). Abnormal bronchoscopic findings were noted in 167 patients. This was supported by histological examination in 136 patients (81%). In 43 patients (32%) the diagnosis was only made on cytology. The clinical predictive values of common indications were: central mass 0.53, lobar or segmental collapse 0.51, and superior vena cava obstruction 0.36. The fibreoptic bronchoscope is a highly efficient method for diagnosing bronchial malignancy. Bronchial brushing and aspiration should be performed in all cases to maximise the yield.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Bronchoscopic picture of lung cancer of various morphological structures].

An analysis of the findings of bronchoscopic examinations in 1,339 patients pointed to a relationship between the nature of bronchoscopic evidence and the morphological pattern of lung cancer in cases of central localization of tumor. Histological pattern of tumor proved to be a factor determining the correctness of diagnosis of lung cancer established on the basis of bronchoscopic evidence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[A case of polypoid bronchial neurofibroma originating from right B2b successfully treated by bronchoscopic snaring forceps and Nd-YAG laser therapy].

A 34-year-old man with persistent cough was admitted to our hospital. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor with smooth surface which almost completely obstructed the right main bronchus. The tumor was removed by transbronchial snaring forceps and histologically confirmed as neurofibroma. Residual tumor was excised by biopsy forceps and further endoscopic Nd-YAG laser vaporization was performed. This is the first case in our country in which bronchoscopic treatment was performed for bronchial neurofibroma. Bronchoscopic removal might be the preferred treatment in the present case, although long-term follow-up is also required.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Fiberoptic bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy in obstructive airway diseases.

BACKGROUND: This study reports the results of Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet (Nd-YAG) laser resection on benign and malignant obstructing airway diseases which has been done in our hospital for four years. The effect of this treatment on patients' arterial blood gases, during and after the process is also analyzed. The benefit of adjuvant therapy with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after laser vaporization is discussed. METHODS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy was performed in 32 cases of lung cancer (primary 27, secondary 5) and 11 cases of benign tracheobronchial diseases with total or near total airway obstruction. The therapy was performed through the oral route under local anesthesia. The result of therapy was classified as "excellent", "fair" or "poor" depending upon the degree of recanalization and clinical improvement. A cannula was inserted into the radial artery in lung cancer patients before the procedure. Samples of blood to determine arterial blood gas levels were drawn before, during and after treatment. After bronchoscopic laser therapy, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were given to the patients of lung cancer. RESULTS: The effective rate (excellent and fair) was 75% in lung cancer and 81.8% in benign airway obstruction. In the lung cancer group, significant decline of PaO2 was noted during and after Nd-YAG laser therapy. Decrease of PaO2 was not recovered even 5 hours after laser vaporization. After bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy, 21 of 32 lung cancer patients received radiotherapy (at least 3000 rads) and/or chemotherapy (at least 3 times). The median survival time was 5.5 months. The other 11 patients received laser therapy only, with median survival time was 2.9 months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endobronchial Nd-YAG laser therapy of obstructing lesions has been proved to be effective and relatively safe in well-trained hands. Oxygen supplementation was suggested in patients with hypoxemia before laser therapy. After endobronchial Nd-YAG laser therapy, better survival and life quality result if radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are added for the lung cancer group.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Virtual bronchoscopy: the correlation between endoscopic simulation and bronchoscopic findings].

PURPOSE: We carried out a preliminary clinical validation of 3D spiral CT virtual endoscopic reconstructions of the tracheobronchial tree, by comparing virtual bronchoscopic images with actual endoscopic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with tracheobronchial disease suspected at preliminary clinical, cytopathological and plain chest film findings were submitted to spiral CT of the chest and bronchoscopy. CT was repeated after endobronchial therapy in 2 cases. Virtual endoscopic shaded-surface-display views of the tracheobronchial tree were reconstructed from reformatted CT data with an Advantage Navigator software. Virtual bronchoscopic images were preliminarily evaluated with a semi-quantitative quality score (excellent/good/fair/poor). The depiction of consecutive airway branches was then considered. Virtual bronchoscopies were finally submitted to double-blind comparison with actual endoscopies. RESULTS: Virtual image quality was considered excellent in 8 cases, good in 14 and fair in 2. Virtual exploration was stopped at the lobar bronchi in one case only; the origin of segmental bronchi was depicted in 23 cases and that of some subsegmental branches in 2 cases. Agreement between actual and virtual bronchoscopic findings was good in all cases but 3 where it was nevertheless considered satisfactory. The yield of clinically useful information differed in 8/24 cases: virtual reconstructions provided more information than bronchoscopy in 5 cases and vice versa in 3. Virtual reconstructions are limited in that the procedure is long and difficult and needing a strictly standardized threshold value not to alter virtual findings. Moreover, the reconstructed surface lacks transparency, there is the partial volume effect and the branches < or = 4 pixels phi and/or meandering ones are difficult to explore. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data are encouraging. Segmental bronchi were depicted in nearly all cases, except for the branches involved by disease. Obstructing lesions could be bypassed in some cases, making an indication for endoscopic laser therapy. Future didactic perspectives and applications to minimally invasive or virtual reality-assisted therapy seem promising, even though actual clinical applications require further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Use of laryngeal mask in bronchoscopy or bronchoscopic treatment].

Laryngeal mask which is widely used in clinical anesthesiology permits establishment of airway without tracheal intubation. Flexible bronchoscopy or bronchoscopic treatment using the laryngeal mask was evaluated to determine its safety, less invasiveness, and usefulness. Fifty-two patients underwent flexible bronchoscopy or bronchoscopic treatment using laryngeal mask 54 times. Bronchoscopy was performed under either local or general anesthesia. The laryngeal mask was positioned in the larynx, as a rule without a laryngoscope. A flexible bronchoscope was introduced into the airway, passed through the rubber slit at the tip of the laryngeal mask tube, and the examination was performed. Complications observed during the course of the examinations consisted of only two cases of poorly fitting laryngeal mask and one case of catching of a part of the epiglottis in the rubber slit at the tip of the laryngeal mask tube. Both cases were not particularly problematic. There were three patients with sore throat and one with an unpleasant feeling in the pharynx following the examination, however, all of these complaints resolved within three days after the examination. Laryngeal masks are less invasive and have very little effect on either the respiratory system or the circulatory system. They may be used safely even in aged patients and appears to be highly effective for diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Tracheal stenosis. A method of dilation with use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Tracheal stenosis is not an uncommon sequel of prolonged endotracheal intubation. In some cases, immediate reconstruction is not feasible. We use the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope and a lucent, tapered endotracheal tube for tracheal dilation. The fiberoptic bronchoscope is passed through a special T connector into the endotracheal tube and used to guide the tube under direct vision through the stricture.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Fiberoptic bronchoscopic photoradiation in experimentally induced canine lung cancer.

The potential of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of a system using hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and laser photoradiation for the localization and treatment of canine lung cancer experimentally induced in the bronchi was studied. Seven cases of canine invasive squamous cell carcinoma were used in this experiment. A dose of 2.5-3.0 mg/kg body weight HpD was administered intravenously in each dog forty-eight hours prior to examination for fluorescence. The violet light source was a krypton ion laser beam. The beam was transmitted via a quartz fiber inserted through the fiberoptic bronchoscope, and an image intensifier was used to detect the fluorescence from the bronchial foci. An argon dye laser was used for treatment of the foci with red light. Six of seven dogs with squamous cell carcinoma revealed fluorescence at the foci. Conversely, the bronchi of controls, consisting of normal dogs, showed no fluorescence. Three dogs with squamous cell carcinoma received treatment. The therapeutic system consisted of photoradiation with an argon dye laser beam also transmitted via a quartz fiber inserted through the fiberoptic bronchoscope and a dose of 2.5-3.0 mg/kg body weight HpD was administered intravenously 72 hours before the procedure. All carcinoma cases showed complete responses.

Animals↗