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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

One-at-a-time versus grouped presentation of mug book pictures: some surprising results.

Eyewitnesses to a simulated crime attempted to identify the perpetrator from a computerized mug book. The 208 mug book pictures were presented either 1 mug shot per page or in groups of 12 mug shots per page. Half of the mug books were arranged by similarity to the perpetrator as determined by a facial recognition algorithm, and half were randomly arranged. In contrast to past findings with photospreads, false-positive identifications were significantly higher using the one-at-a-time procedure than the grouped procedure. Results suggest that the best practice for mug books may be the use of groups of pictures per page rather than the one-at-a-time procedure long advocated by experts for use in lineups and photospreads.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Booking systems for elective services: the New Zealand experience.

This article provides a brief overview of New Zealand's experience in implementing booking systems for elective services in public hospitals. It identifies the basic features of the booking systems policy and explores the rationale and objectives for these policy settings. Progress with implementation of booking systems is explored and some of the challenges and recent developments are also outlined. The authors argue that booking systems represent a major improvement on waiting lists for patients, providers, purchasers and policy-makers.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1994

A new book by N. A. Bernstein: "On dexterity and its development".

A book, "On Dexterity and Its Development," written by N. A. Bernstein in the 1940s has recently been published in Moscow. We describe briefly the amazing fate of this miraculously saved book and of its famous author. The book is unique in its reader-friendly handling of the most complicated issues of motor control, motor development, motor skill acquisition, and more general aspects of brain activity. It presents the basis for what is now called motor control and for some of the more fundamental issues of theoretical neuroscience. Bernstein described his views on multilevel control of movements, the role of sensory feedback, preprogramming, feedback and feedforward components in motor control, the role of exercise, and other subjects. Despite the fact that the book was written nearly half a century ago, its deep philosophical content remains beyond any competition.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Open book tests: assessment of academic learning in clerkships.

An examination of an open-book testing approach in a family medicine clerkship seeks to determine whether this method more closely mirrors the discipline of family medicine, where practitioners refer daily to written resource materials in order to make clinical decisions without compromising the learning and assessment process. Student scores on the multiple-choice test were analysed by year, by quarter and by site using ANOVA. Students in the experimental site were interviewed to determine preparation style, use of text during test, as well as attitudes toward open-book testing. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction of site and year was significant at p = 0.03. The mean score of 88.2 for Maine students in 2002 was significantly different from the other three mean scores. The desired qualitative outcomes of the intervention were confirmed: reducing the anxiety of students, wider reading of the textbook, knowing the structure of the textbook as a learning resource, and deeper understanding of concepts and principles rather than time spent on memorization. While the difference in scores did reach statistical significance, it is important to note that the difference in mean score was only four points on a 100-point scale. Given the percentage of the total grade represented by the test score, it is unlikely that this difference represents any real difference in grade for students in Maine compared with Vermont. The students appeared to approach the textbook and therefore, perhaps, the body of knowledge as a whole with the orientation of a generalist. The MMC Clerkship Director recommended the implementation of the open-book approach to the Family Practice clerkship at all sites and the University of Vermont Medical School accepted the proposal. This recommendation supports advising students on the preparation for an open-book test and on tactics for the best use of the textbook during the test.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Is the Year Book really necessary?

The 1980 Year Book of Dermatology was analyzed in detail. Articles were arbitrarily classified as useful, laboratory, and exotic. "Useful" was defined as mainly clinical in content or with obvious clinical relevance. "Laboratory" implied that the author was unable to understand the article because of the predominant biochemical, immunologic, histochemic, or electron-microscopic content involved. "Exotic" meant the article was about a disease that the author had never seen. Of 346 articles analyzed, 270 were found to be useful, 35 laboratory, and 41 exotic. Only 95 of 270 useful articles were in journals that the author normally reads. The Year Books of 1969, 1970, and 1979 contained 1/4, 1/3, and 2/5 useful articles, respectively. Detailed analysis of the above categories was done by subject. Many important articles were present in the literature but were not quoted in the Year Book. It is concluded that the Year Book varies from year to year in its relevance but is still essential reading. The dermatologist must nevertheless amplify it with the standard specialist and general journal; otherwise, important contributions will be missed.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of low-risk pregnant women booked for delivery in two systems of care: shared-care (consultant) and integrated general practice unit. I. Obstetrical procedures and neonatal outcome.

Samples of records of comparable low-risk pregnant women booked for delivery in an integrated general practice unit (GPU) and a consultant (or shared-care) system were derived from a computer tape of all 5005 births which occurred at the John Radcliffe Hospital in 1978. Induction of labour, epidural analgesia and forceps delivery were all less frequently carried out in women booked for delivery in the GPU. Infants of multiparous women were more often intubated in the shared-care system (3%) than in the GPU (0%); rates in infants of nulliparous women were similar (approx. 7%) in the two systems. These data suggest that short-term outcomes are as good for GPU-booked low-risk women and their infants as for comparable women booked in consultant or shared-care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Five year prospective survey of risk of booking for a home birth in Essex.

A prospective survey was undertaken in 26 practices in Essex to assess the risks associated with a home birth. The 202 women who were booked for a home confinement were compared with a similar group of 185 women who were booked for hospital delivery under consultant care. The principal difference in outcome was the induction rate of 19% in the hospital group compared with 8% in the group booked for delivery at home. A higher rate of episiotomy and second degree tears and more Apgar scores of 7 or below were found in those who were booked for hospital. There were no perinatal deaths in either group. The results of this study showed no evidence of an increased risk associated with home confinements but indicated that there were fewer problems than were encountered in the deliveries in mothers confined in hospital.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1997

Association of use of a log book and experience as a preregistration house officer: interview survey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether use of a log book improved the experiences of preregistration house officers. DESIGN: Confidential questionnaire and interview survey of preregistration house officers carried out as part of University of London inspection process. MEASURES: Preregistration house officers were asked to rate educational and pastoral elements of their posts and about the use made of previously distributed log books. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Preregistration house officers in North Thames. RESULTS: The incumbents of 535 of 560 (95%) preregistration house officer posts in the region were surveyed between June 1994 and July 1995, 490 by questionnaire and interview, 45 by questionnaire alone. House officers who had discussed the log book with their consultant expressed more satisfaction with their induction, consultant supervision and feedback, and formal and informal education and were more likely to recommend their job to a friend. CONCLUSION: Preregistration house officers who had discussed the log book with their consultant expressed more satisfaction with the educational elements of their jobs. The structured discussion with their consultant about the job and their performance seemed to make the difference.

Consultants↗
PubMed2002

Booked inpatient admissions and hospital capacity: mathematical modelling study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the variability of patients' length of stay in intensive care after cardiac surgery. To investigate potential interactions between such variability, booked admissions, and capacity requirements. DESIGN: Mathematical modelling study using routinely collected data. SETTING: A cardiac surgery department. SOURCE OF DATA: Hospital records of 7014 people entering intensive care after cardiac surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay in intensive care; capacity requirements of an intensive care unit for a hypothetical booked admission system. RESULTS: Although the vast majority of patients (89.5%) had a length of stay in intensive care of < or = 48 hours, there was considerable overall variability and the distribution of stays has a lengthy tail. A mathematical model of the operation of a hypothetical booking system indicates that such variability has a considerable impact on intensive care capacity requirements, indicating that a high degree of reserve capacity is required to avoid high rates of operation cancellation because of unavailability of suitable postoperative care. CONCLUSION: Despite the considerable enthusiasm for booked admissions systems, queuing theory suggests that caution is required when considering such systems for inpatient admissions. Such systems may well result in frequent operational difficulties if there is a high degree of variability in length of stay and where reserve capacity is limited. Both of these are common in the NHS.

Admitting Department, Hospital↗
PubMed2005

Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of pre-eclampsia associated with factors that may be present at antenatal booking. DESIGN: Systematic review of controlled studies published 1966-2002. DATA SYNTHESIS: Unadjusted relative risks were calculated from published data. RESULTS: Controlled cohort studies showed that the risk of pre-eclampsia is increased in women with a previous history of pre-eclampsia (relative risk 7.19, 95% confidence interval 5.85 to 8.83) and in those with antiphospholipids antibodies (9.72, 4.34 to 21.75), pre-existing diabetes (3.56, 2.54 to 4.99), multiple (twin) pregnancy (2.93, 2.04 to 4.21), nulliparity (2.91, 1.28 to 6.61), family history (2.90, 1.70 to 4.93), raised blood pressure (diastolic > or = 80 mm Hg) at booking (1.38, 1.01 to 1.87), raised body mass index before pregnancy (2.47, 1.66 to 3.67) or at booking (1.55, 1.28 to 1.88), or maternal age > or = 40 (1.96, 1.34 to 2.87, for multiparous women). Individual studies show that risk is also increased with an interval of 10 years or more since a previous pregnancy, autoimmune disease, renal disease, and chronic hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: These factors and the underlying evidence base can be used to assess risk at booking so that a suitable surveillance routine to detect pre-eclampsia can be planned for the rest of the pregnancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

A professional's guide to books for families of the mentally ill.

The role assigned to the family in the treatment of the mentally ill has varied over the last 150 years; in some eras families were excluded from the patients' care and assigned a major share of blame for their illness. With more recent trends such as the self-help movement, consumer activism, and psychoeducation, the family is once again acknowledged as an important resource in the care of the chronically ill. One result is a proliferation of books written by and for the mentally ill and their families. The author reviews 28 books published after 1950, including 16 first-hand accounts and 12 guides by mental health professionals, that deal with schizophrenia and the major affective disorders. The goal is to familiarize professionals with the literature in this area so they can knowledgeably recommend books to patients and families. Books that may be informative to professionals themselves are also discussed.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Bibliotherapy: the use of books in psychiatric treatment.

The guided use of selected books as an adjunct to treatment is applicable to patients in all stages of life and with a variety of problems. This paper describes the authors' experience using books as an adjunct to therapy with psychiatric patients. The authors define the term, review the literature, and set out the objectives of bibliotherapy. The paper presents some principles to follow when assigning books, and examples of books used for common problems. Finally, examples are given of bibliotherapy in action at two Ontario hospitals, and some future directions are suggested.

Bibliotherapy↗
PubMed1994

The pattern of antenatal visits with emphasis on gestational age at booking in Riyadh Health Centres.

1344 expectant mothers were selected by random sampling from the catchment population of 15 health centres in Riyadh. The health centres were taken to represent all areas of urban Riyadh. These mothers were asked to complete a pre-designed questionnaire in Arabic and undergo a structured interview by trained midwives to explore their knowledge, attitude and practice toward antenatal visits. It was found that the average gestational age at booking was 13 weeks. The number of antenatal visits achieved during the current pregnancy was 6. 97% of expectant mothers were aware of the importance of antenatal visits. Various demographic characteristics were studied in relation to the number of antenatal visits achieved and the gestational age at booking. It was found that the level of education of both husband and wife and poor obstetric history significantly affected gestational age at booking, (P-values) were less than 0.03 and 0.002 respectively). However the family income and gestational age at booking affected the number of antenatal visits (P-values were less than 0.0003 and 0.0001 respectively). The respondents' most striking reason for non-compliance was related to accessibility to health centre. 23.3% thought that the health centres were far away from their residence and they needed to involve the husbands in driving them to health centres. Recommendations were given to improve aspects of accessibility and inviting more antenatal visits in addition to improving quality of such service.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Medical history for the masses: how American comic books celebrated heroes of medicine in the 1940s.

When comic books rose to mass popularity in the early 1940s, one segment of the industry specialized in "true adventures," with stories about real people from the past and the present--in contrast to competing books that offered fantasy, science fiction, superheroes, detectives and crime, funny people, or funny animals. This study examines the figures from both medical history and twentieth-century medicine who were portrayed as heroes and role models in these comic books: first, to call attention to this very popular, if unknown, genre of medical history, and second, to illustrate how medical history was used at that time to popularize scientific and medical ideas, to celebrate the achievements of medical research, to encourage medical science as a career choice, and to show medicine as a humane and noble enterprise. The study explains how these medical history stories were situated in American popular culture more generally, and how the graphic power of comic books successfully conveyed both values and information while also telling a good story. Attention to this colorful genre of popular medical history enriches our picture of the mid-twentieth-century public's enthusiasm for medical progress.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

Amount of information on case illustrations in self-help psychology books.

40 books on self-help psychology were examined in a 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of covariance design for the number of case illustrations, number of lines of text about case illustrations, and average number of lines per case illustration. The covariate was pages per book and the independent variables were status of the book (bestseller or nonbestseller) and decade of publication (1970-1979 or 1980-1989). It was hypothesized that bestsellers would contain more case illustrations and lines of text describing case illustrations than nonbestsellers. Case illustrations per book in nonbestsellers increased significantly in number over the two decades when compared to bestsellers.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1998

Time for a change? The process of lengthening booking intervals in general practice.

Longer booking intervals between appointments in general practice are generally seen as 'a good thing', and have a strong 'evidence base' to support them. Changing to longer booking intervals is regarded as a pipe dream by many general practitioners (GPs). This paper reports the process and outcomes of a change to longer booking intervals in one practice, identifies the key elements of the change, and examines lessons learned for the practice, to help other practices to do similarly. The most important factor in bringing about change was the influence of facilitation by outside parties; first, by management consultants who identified solutions to the practice's problems, and secondly, by recruitment to a research study. Other outside influences were an awareness of the success of other practices in changing to 10-minute booking intervals, and the increasing 'evidence base' to support such change. Internal influences on the process were a desire to change as a result a perception that the practice was under-performing, and the stress associated with this. As a result of the change, the number of doctor consultations fell and the number of nurse consultations rose, fewer patients reconsulted, and marginal improvements were reported on doctor and patient satisfaction. Other practices may benefit from such change; the use of management consultants as facilitators may instigate such change.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gestation age at antenatal clinic booking in Sokoto, northern Nigeria.

Between January 1995 and December 1996, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the gestational age at which women book for antenatal care. The average gestational age at first antenatal attendance for the 2.304 women in the survey group was 23.5 +/- 6.0 weeks. The difference between the gestational age at first attendance for the literate subgroup (24.2 +/- 6.1 weeks) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) The gestational age at booking among the grand multiparous women was significantly higher than that of the primigravidae (25.30 +/- 5.9 versus 23.1 +/- 6.1 weeks; P < 0.05). In 71% of cases there was no specific reason for electing the time for antenatal booking. Health education, with emphasis on the benefits of booking in the first trimester of pregnancy, is advocated. Service providers should also develop a referral system for those pregnant women relocating to new stations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A brief history of printing of lithographic medical books in modern times.

A large number of lithographic medical books came out within about 100 years after the introduction of lithography technique from the west. There are about 1000 extant lithographic medical books among which 500 still extant as lithographic edition in our country. The development of lithographic medical book could be divided into three stages: the embryonic stage, the prosperous stage and the devlined stage. In spite of the shortcomings that the printing was not exquisite and the textual proofreading was not precise, the value of these lithographic medical books could not be underrated in preserving the medical documents, spreading the medical knowledge and promoting the confluence of TCM and western medicine.

China↗