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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Determination of free N-acetylneuraminic acid in human body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.

Determinations of both the free and bound form of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) in several human body fluids, such as serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, urine, amniotic fluid, and milk were carried out by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. The method utilized 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene dihydrochloride (DMB) as a fluorimetric derivatizing reagent. Free-form NANA was obtained from the body fluids after ultrafiltration with Microcon 10 (YM-10 cellulose membrane, filtration limit M(r) = 10,000, Amicon). The DMB derivative of NANA was separated isocratically by a Nucleosil 5C18 column with a mixture of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.0)-methanol (75:25, v/v). A gradient elution system was used for urine analysis. Analysis times were 10-30 min. Recoveries of free NANA by ultrafiltration were satisfactory: 95.66 +/- 1.80% for serum and 97.27 +/- 1.55% for CSF, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity render this method applicable to all the body fluids tested. Although a physiological role for free NANA has not yet been elucidated, the method presented promises to contribute to the basic understanding of the NANA metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Determination of body fluid compartments by impedance measurements: differences in the repartition of water between Duchenne muscular dystrophy and some neurological diseases.

Body fluid volumes were determined by impedance measurements in several groups of patients. Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy had decreased intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes. Patients with severe sequelae of poliomyelitis and with other severely disabling neurological diseases did not exhibit such profound alterations of their body fluid compartments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Mass fragmentographic determination of vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and isohomovanillic acid in human body fluids.

Vanilmandelic, homovanillic and isohomovanillic acids in body fluids were efficiently isolated by liquid chromatography on an Amberlite XAD-4 column and by organic extraction in a special apparatus. The purified metabolites were converted into their trifluoroacetylhexafluroisopropanol esters and analyzed by mass fragmentography. The working curves of the metabolites were linear from 0.5 to 5 ng injected. The minimum detectable concentrations of all the metabolites were 2 ng/ml for plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and 120 ng/ml for urine. The metabolite concentrations in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine of normal persons and patients were determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Emergency department blood or body fluid exposure evaluations and HIV postexposure prophylaxis usage.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and type of patient visits for blood or body fluid exposures to a large, urban emergency department (ED); to ascertain the frequency that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was prescribed for these exposures; and to compare HIV PEP usage by patient group, occupation, and exposure type. METHODS: Retrospective medical record review of ED patient visits (January 1, 1995, through June 30, 2001) extracted from two separate billing record computerized databases using 14 ICD-9 codes that defined blood or body fluid exposures. RESULTS: Of the 1,436 visits, 22% were by health care workers (HCWs) and 78% by non-HCW adults, adolescents, or children. Sixty percent of the HCWs sustained needlestick or sharp injuries, 73% of non-HCW adults had human bites, and 81% of adolescents and children had sexual exposures. Nurses were the largest group of HCWs, whereas police, correction officers, and security guards were the largest group of non-HCWs exposed at work. HCWs and non-HCW adults who sustained nonsexual exposures were much more likely to present for an evaluation within 24 hours than adolescents or children who suffered sexual assault (p<0.001). HIV PEP was prescribed 143 times: 92 to HCWs and 51 to all other patients. HIV PEP was most often prescribed to HCWs sustaining needlestick injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients were not HCWs, which attests to the need for national, nonoccupational blood or body fluid management guidelines. There may be particular groups who would benefit from educational campaigns informing them of the need for early-intervention, postexposure measures to prevent an HIV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Simultaneous determination of inorganic anions in body fluids. A new method in pediatric laboratory diagnosis--results of a pilot study].

The anions analysis was a methodical problem up to now. This was the reason for low interest. Biological fluids like saliva and urine which could easily receive without any stress for the children, are little investigated for its capacity on nitrite, nitrate, bromide and sulfate. In this performance there will presented an ion-chromatographic method to determine inorganic anions in the following body-fluids: serum saliva, liquor and urine. The anions chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate was determined quantitatively. The method was proved in a pilot-study on children's body-fluids serum, liquor and saliva. The objects was to get a landmark in expectation from anion concentrations. Bromide was detected as a constant part in all body fluids. The origin and importance is not clear till now. Also was found nitrate in all investigated body fluids. There seems to be a connection between diarrhea and an increase in serum levels from nitrate. We found considerable amounts of nitrate in saliva by babies and infants. The method is distinguished by little fluctuation in measurement and high specificity. Short time in analysis and simple handling will do the method for a qualified one in pediatrics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Ganglioside content and profile in the ovarian tumor tissues and in the biological body fluids of patients].

Lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) content and ganglioside composition in resected tumours and body fluids of patients with benign ovarian tumours, borderline ovarian tumours, ovarian cancer and also in unaltered ovaries of patients with uterine cancer were examined. LSA levels in tissues and relation of the main gangliosides GD3/GM3 progressively decreased from unaltered ovaries to ovarian cancer. Distribution of gangliosides GD3 and GM3 in the borderline tumours was not uniform. Absolute content of GD3 increased more than twice in profuse growth from the inner surface and decreased almost three times in the cyst capsule as compared to the intact tumour. Ganglioside GD3 content decreased in malignant ovarian tumours but increased in ascitic fluid of cancer patients as compared to GM3. These results suggest that ganglioside GD3 is shed more intensively in the borderline ovarian tumours.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1996

Distribution of prolyl oligopeptidase in human peripheral tissues and body fluids.

Prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) activity was measured in human tissue homogenates and body fluids. The enzyme was ubiquitously present, revealing high activity in renal cortex, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, testis, lymphocytes and thrombocytes. The activity in the body fluids was low. Prolyl oligopeptidase activity was significant higher in tumours of prostate, lung and sigmoid, than in the healthy tissues. Sera of individuals suffering from HIV infection, malaria, prostate cancer or benign prostate hypertrophy contained lowered activity. Interestingly, the low serum activity during prostate carcinoma increased upon medical treatment with anti-androgens. This suggests hormonal control of the gene transcript. A positive correlation with angiotensin converting enzyme activity in hypertensive patients was demonstrated and this further supports the possible involvement of prolyl oligopeptidase in the renin-angiotensin system and in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

A simple method to detect AB antigen in blood grouping of body fluid stains.

A modified mixed agglutination method is described for detecting AB antigen from body fluid stain. Saline extract of body fluid stain was added to A.Se saliva stain which was beforehand sensitized with anti-A. AB antigen reacting with the stain was detected with the usual mixed agglutination method using anti-B and B red cells.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Changes in haemodynamics and body fluid volume due to enalapril in patients with essential hypertension on chronic diuretic therapy.

In 12 patients with essential hypertension who remained hypertensive despite chronic chlorthalidone treatment, the effect of 2 weeks of additional therapy with the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) enalapril on blood pressure and body fluid volumes has been evaluated. The objective was to examine the influence of a diuretic-stimulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on haemodynamics and body fluid volume. Mean arterial pressure (MAP -21%), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI -22%) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC -39%) were decreased, and plasma renin activity (PRA 660%) was increased. The average heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and body weight (BW) remained unchanged. A negative correlation was found between the per cent changes in ECFV and PAC. Thus, body fluid volumes during chronic diuretic treatment are well preserved even when the RAAS with its sodium retaining properties is suppressed by CEI. Possible mechanisms are a volume (not angiotensin II) - dependent stimulation of aldosterone and a fall in blood pressure.

Body Fluids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact with hospital syringes containing body fluids. Implications for medical waste management regulation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine amount of syringes used in the hospital and extent of contact with blood and body fluids of these syringes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Syringe use was surveyed at a tertiary care center for one week; syringes were classified into the following four categories according to use: a) contained blood; b) contained other body fluids (urine, gastric secretion, cerebrospinal fluid, wound drainage); c) used exclusively for drug dilution and application in plastic intravenous (i.v.) tubes, and d) for intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.), or intradermic (ID) injections. RESULTS: A total of 7,157 plastic disposable syringes was used; 1,227 (17%) contained blood during use, 346 (4.8%), other body fluids, 5,257 (73%) were used exclusively for drug dilution and application in plastic i.v. lines, and 327 (4.5%) were utilized for i.m., s.c., or ID injections. An estimated 369 140 syringes used annually, or eight syringes per patient per in-hospital day. All syringes were disposed of as regulated medical waste, in observance of the law. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to review recommendations for medical waste management by both international agencies and local governments, based on scientific data and a cost-benefit analysis, to prevent resource waste and further environmental damage. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1981

Determination of amezinium in body fluids.

Possible approaches to the determination in body fluids of 4-amino-6-methoxy-1-phenyl-pyridazinium methyl sulfate (ameziniummetilsulfate, LU 1631, Regulton), in this study briefly called amezinium, are investigated and the methods developed on the basis of results obtained in pilot experiments described. These methods, which are primarily based on radioactive tracer techniques, allow both labelled and unlabelled amezinium to be determined in urine, bile, blood, and plasma in concentrations down to about 2 n/ml. Relative standard deviations of 0.5%-9% and 96-102% accuracy are obtained. Advantages and disadvantages of individual methods for various types of samples are discussed.

Body Fluids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Body fluids during 120-day anti-orthostatic hypokinesia].

Body fluid variations were examined during 120-day antiorthostatic (-5 degrees) hypokinesia in 21 test subjects, 9 of which comprised a control group (Group 1). The remaining 12 subjects formed three groups (four subjects each) who received drugs to normalize mineral and lipid metabolism (Group 2), or performed specially developed exercises (Group 3), or were on the combined treatment (Group 4). Total body water (TBW), intracellular fluid volume (IFV), extracellular fluid volume (EFV), and EFV composition were measured by nuclear physical methods. Measurements were taken prior to exposure, on head-down tilt days 1, 60 and 120, and on recovery day 15. Body composition and K40 content were investigated before and after head-down tilt. The controls showed body dehydration that began on tilt day 1 at the expense of vascular fluid and continued by day 60 at the expense of interstitial fluid and by day 120 at the expense of IFV. Group 2 subjects exhibited variations that were similar to those of controls. Group 3 subjects were in better shape due to the beneficial effect of exercise which diminished as head-down tilt continued. In the recovery period the above changes regressed.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed2005

Relation between pH and the strong ion difference (SID) in body fluids.

Acid-base balance evaluation according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation enable us to assess the contribution of respiratory (pCO2) and/or non-respiratory (metabolic, HCO3(-)) components to the acid-base balance status. A new approach to acid-base balance evaluation according to Stewart-Fencl, which is based on a detailed physical-chemical analysis of body fluids shows that metabolic acid-base balance disorders are characterized not only by [HCO3(-)]. According to this concept independent variables must be taken into an account. The abnormality of concentration of one or more of the independent variable(s) determines the pH of a solution. The independent variables are: 1. strong ion difference (SID); 2. total concentration of nonvolatile weak acids [A(tot)]; 3. in agreement with the Henderson-Hasselbalch concept also pCO2. Traditional evaluation of acid-base balance disorders is based on the pH of body fluids (though pH may be within normal range if several acid-base balance disturbances are present). In order to maintain this view and simultaneously to respect the Stewart-Fencl principle, we invented a new equation, which uses only the independent variables to define the pH of body fluids. This analysis shows that for a given value of pCO2, the pH of body fluids is determined by a difference between SID and [A(tot)-]. pH = 6.1 + log((SID - [A(tot)-])/(0.03pCO2)) or in itemized form: pH = 6.1 + log((([Na+] + [K+] + [Ca2+] + [Mg2+] - [Cl-] - [UA-]) - (k1[Alb] + k2[P(i)]))/(0.03 x pCO2)). Evaluation of the individual components of this equation enables us to detect, which of the independent variable (or a combination of independent variables) deviates from the normal range and therefore which one or ones is a cause of the acid-base balance disorder. At the end of this paper we give examples of a practical application of this equation.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative detection of telomerase activity by real-time TRAP assay in the body fluids of cancer patients.

Real-time TRAP assay was developed to improve the sensitivity and quantitative detection of telomerase activity in the body fluids of cancer patients. The sensitivity and clinical significance of the real-time TRAP assay was investigated. Real-time PCR protocol was modified by using ACX primer and SYBR green mixture from the process of TS primer extension. Real-time TRAP showed high correlation (r2=0.843, p=0.001) and sensitivity (25 times higher) compared to conventional TRAP. Of 164 samples, there were 8 positives in cytology (4.9%), 7 (4.3%) using the conventional TRAP, and 41 (25%) using real-time TRAP. In cytology positive samples, real-time TRAP showed a higher positivity than conventional TRAP (75% vs 63%) suggesting a higher sensitivity in the body fluids. There was a tendency towards a longer progression-free duration in telomerase negative patients than in positive patients, as determined by conventional and real-time TRAP. The diagnostic interval between the first positivity documentation and clinical progression was short in the order of real-time TRAP, conventional TRAP and cytology. In conclusion, real-time TRAP assay can detect telomerase activity at an earlier phase of cancer progression and can replace conventional TRAP assay for detecting the telomerase activity in body fluids.

Body Fluids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sulfide binding in the body fluids of hydrothermal vent alvinellid polychaetes.

Dissolved H2S is a major environmental factor in hydrothermal vent ecosystems. In a study of adaptations to sulfide by alvinellid polychaetes, the sulfide-binding capacity of body fluids was examined in Paralvinella palmiformis from northeast Pacific ridges and Alvinella species from the East Pacific Rise. Sulfide concentrations in vascular blood and coelomic fluid of freshly collected animals were notably variable. Separation of P. palmiformis body-fluid components revealed that most sulfide (ca. 77%) was accumulated in the dissolved fraction. In P. palmiformis, both vascular blood and coelomic fluid could reversibly bind sulfide in vitro with a low affinity, saturating only at high dialysate concentrations (ca. 2 mmol L-1). No sulfide-binding activity was observed in the vascular blood from Alvinella species. A dissolved protein component of greater than 90 kDa appears to be involved in sulfide binding in Paralvinella, probably a vascular extracellular high-molecular-weight hemoglobin. Some sulfide may also adsorb onto a 15.38-kDa intracellular hemoglobin present in the coelomic erythrocyte fraction. In the absence of epibiotic bacteria, Paralvinella body fluids may function as a sulfide buffer to protect tissues from deleterious effects of sulfide exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Influence of hydration level and body fluids on exercise performance in the heat.

During exercise in the heat, sweat output often exceeds water intake, resulting in hypohydration, which is defined as a body fluid deficit. This fluid deficit is comprised of water loss from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Hypohydration during exercise causes a greater heat storage and reduces endurance in comparison with euhydration levels. The greater heat storage is attributed to a decreased sweating rate (evaporative heat loss) as well as a decreased cutaneous blood flow (dry heat loss). These response decrements have been attributed to both plasma hyperosmolality and a plasma hypovolemia. Subject gender, acclimation state, and aerobic fitness do not alter the increased heat storage when hypohydrated. Hyperhydration, or body fluid excess, does not seem to provide a clear advantage during exercise-heat stress, but will delay the development of hypohydration.

Aldosterone↗