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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Measuring human arm motion parameters based on high-speed camera].

A sensing method based on high-speed camera is proposed to recognize human arm motion in this paper. A sensing system for human arm motion was established. A fast image processing algorithm was developed to accurately extract marker positions in the image. Angle parameter results were further improved with the instantaneous joint center principle. The human motion information results can serve as the research references of medical treatment, gym, bionics, and so on. The sensing method can also be applied to other fields of the human motion recognition.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

[Study on the surface EMG pattern classification with BP neural networks].

This paper presents a surface electromyography (EMG) motion pattern classifier which combines Neural Network (NN) with parametric model such as autoregressive (AR) model. This motion pattern classifier can successfully identify four types of movement of human hand, wrist flexion, wrist extension, forearm pronation and forearm supination, by using of the surface EMG detected from the flexor carpi radialis and the extensor carpi ulnaris. The result shows that it has a great potential application to the control of bionic man-machine systems such as prostheses because of its fast calculating speed, high recognition ability, and good robust.

Arm↗
PubMed2001

[The study advances and prospects of processing surface EMG signal in prosthesis control].

The surface EMG signal has direct relations with extremity movements and has become the ideal control signal for man-machine bionic system. This paper discusses the analytic study of surface EMG signals and gives various character estimations. Two kinds of character recognition methods of surface EMG are introduced for controlling prosthesis movements. The existing problems of multi-function EMG prosthesis control are summed up. In the end prospects for the study on analytic ways of surface EMG signal and the practical applications are discussed too.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental study on the reconstruction of mandibular defects with a new bioactive artificial bone nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide-66 in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate reconstruction of segmental defect in the mandible using a new bionic materials of nano-hydroxyapatite -polyainides-66 (n-HA/PA66). METHODS: Two defects (15 mm x 10 mm x 5 mm) were created in the mandibular bodies of dogs. One of defects was reconstructed with n-HA/PA66, another not repaired as a blank control. At 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks after operation. Evaluation of effects of n-HA/PA66 on reconstruction of the mandibular defects was carried out by means of radiography and histology. RESULTS: From 2 to 8 weeks after operation, some fiber tissue grew into the space between n-HA/PA66 and mandibular bone. The ossification was observed at 12 weeks post-operation. At 16 weeks, the n-HA/PA66 was connected directly to the mandibular bone by the newborn bone. CONCLUSIONS: The new artificial bone of n-HA/PA66 has the effects of osteoconduction and osteoinduction, with a good biocompatibility and is an ideal bone substitute material for reconstruction of mandibular defect.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Outcomes from Clarion implantation in India.

We evaluated the results of the use of Clarion (Advanced Bionics, USA) implants in 30 Indian patients. Cases included in the study were prelingual and postlingual patients in whom the cochlea was normal and prelingual patients in whom the cochlea had a Mondini defect or was ossified. We found that multiple speech strategies available with the Clarion implant were a distinct advantage. The postlingual patients fared better with speech discrimination in noise using the high-resolution strategy, and young prelingual patients developed hearing and speech faster using simultaneous analog stimulation and multiple pulsatile stimulation strategies. Moreover, in Mondini cases, all electrodes could be inserted using the enhanced bipolar device.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Regenerative biology and medicine.

The replacement of damaged tissues and organs with tissue and organ transplants or bionic implants has serious drawbacks. There is now emerging a new approach to tissue and organ replacement, regenerative biology and medicine. Regenerative biology seeks to understand the cellular and molecular differences between regenerating and non-regenerating tissues. Regenerative medicine seeks to apply this understanding to restore tissue structure and function in damaged, non-regenerating tissues. Regeneration is accomplished by three mechanisms, each of which uses or produces a different kind of regeneration-competent cell. Compensatory hyperplasia is regeneration by the proliferation of cells which maintain all or most of their differentiated functions (e.g., liver). The urodele amphibians regenerate a variety of tissues by the dedifferentiation of mature cells to produce progenitor cells capable of division. Many tissues contain reserve stem or progenitor cells that are activated by injury to restore the tissue while simultaneously renewing themselves. All regeneration-competent cells have two features in common. First, they are not terminally differentiated and can re-enter the cell cycle in response to signals in the injury environment. Second, their activation is invariably accompanied by the dissolution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the cells, suggesting that the ECM is an important regulator of their state of differentiation. Regenerative medicine uses three approaches. First is the transplantation of cells into the damaged area. Second is the construction of bioartificial tissues by seeding cells into a biodegradable scaffold where they produce a normal matrix. Third is the use of a biomaterial scaffold or drug delivery system to stimulate regeneration in vivo from regeneration-competent cells. There is substantial evidence that non-regenerating mammalian tissues harbor regeneration-competent cells that are forced into a pathway of scar tissue formation. Regeneration can be induced if the factors leading to scar formation are inhibited and the appropriate signaling environment is supplied. An overview of regenerative mechanisms, approaches of regenerative medicine, research directions, and research issues will be given.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Measure for human motion parameters based on model].

Measure for human motion parameters is a main method to generate computer simulation of human motion and to control humanoid robot motion. Recently, extensive researches on this sensing method have been carried out by abroad and domestic researchers. This paper introduces present research status of human motion parameters in order to provide references for scientific research fields of human bionics, humanoid robot, etc.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2006

[The application of 3D reconstruction of CT scans for the observation of the cochlear implanted electrode location].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the different methods of computed tomography (CT) scans and three dimensional reconstruction of inner ear with implanted electrodes, and to evaluate the value and image features of these methods. METHOD: Six cochlear implant (MEDEL Combi 40+, Advanced Bionics) recipients were involved in this study. The implanted electrodes of all patients were examined on the seventh postoperative day. The data of the CT scans was transferred to workstation for three dimensional reconstruction by volume rendering (VR), average intensity projection (AIP) and surface shaded display (SSD). RESULT: The three methods of three dimensional reconstruction provided satisfactory image of implanted electrode including the shape and the special relationship of the electrode in the inner ear. The insertion depth of the electrode can be evaluated directly. Moreover, each of the electrode pairs can be identified clearly. CONCLUSION: Postoperative evaluation of the implanted electrode with three methods of CT scans with three dimensions reconstruction of inner ear provide more accurate image of the special relationship of the electrode in the cochlear canal with direct demonstration of electrode insertion depth in the cochlea.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

The gnathic system in obese and diabetics. II. (Changes in the hard tissues).

The authors pay increased attention to issues concerning correct interpretation of mechanical phenomena of the hard tissues that facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation with technical specialists. Equal attention is paid also to terms of compressive stress and compressive strain. Analyzing the crown of the teeth the authors found striking coincidence between the developing dental caries localization and lower values of compressive strains. The relationship found between dental caries and mechanical strains offers stimuli for new preventive measures. The present study furthermore points to the importance of medical bionics and its methods for solving some other problems of the gnathic system.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1986

Contributions of aerospace medicine to clinical medicine.

The contributions of aerospace medicine to clinical medicine far exceed the aggregate of the clinical applications of individual technologies which originated in aerospace medicine, important though these be. Contributions of aerospace medicine to clinical medicine will be discussed in seven categories: The raising of issues, questions, and need for systems for protection or support for man before such issues and needs were recognized by clinicians to be important or feasible; Contributing to the manpower pool of able clinical investigators through recruitment and special training in research; Providing fundamental insights into specific biologic processes of clinical significance; The recruitment of disciplines not previously involved extensively in addressing biologic problems and the creation or strengthening of hybrid disciplines such as bionics and bioengineering; Pioneering emphasis on safety, prevention and environmental health now being incorporated into clinical medicine; The development of specific research technologies which have been used to address an array of clinical problems; Specific technologies of clinical significance to which aerospace medicine has contributed, including systems for air transport of patients, many components of modern systems for patient monitoring, components of circulatory and ventillatory support systems, hypoxia warning systems, prevention of toxic exposure and treatment of toxic injury, prevention and treatment of burns, restraint systems, artificial organs, the application of models to clinical practice, and the ordering and automating of information processing.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1978

Dermatologic problems in amputees.

Improvements in surgical techniques and prosthetic devices and the establishment of prosthetic clinics have altered the outlook for the amputee. A cooperative effect on the part of professionals looking after amputee patients, as carried out in these clinics, offers the best means of recognition and treatment of difficulties as they arise. Until the "bionic man" becomes a reality, amputees will continue to have skin problems. In describing a number of illustrative cases, we have attempted to: (a) renew interest in these problems; (b) demonstrate the value of the group approach; and (c) encourage the participation of interested dermatologists in the prosthetic clinic team to facilitate earlier recognition and treatment of troublesome skin disorders in the amputee.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

DPS--a computerised diagnostic problem solver.

The paper contains a short description of the DPS system which is a computerized diagnostic problem solver. The system is under development of the Research Institute of Medical Bionics in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Its underlying philosophy yields from viewing the diagnostic process as process of cognitive problem solving. The implementation of the system is based on the methods of Artificial Intelligence and utilisation of production systems and frame theory should be noted in this context. Finally a list of program modules and their characterisation is presented.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1982

Hospital information system, user external diagram of neurological clinic.

The hospital information system developed by Research Institute of Medical Bionics during 1976--1980 provides the means to enter and update files continually during a patient's stay in hospital. Particular external diagram provide the access the relationship for each user. Only data relevant to the user level is revealed by the system. For illustration, a detailed description of an external diagram of the First Neurological Clinic of Komenský's University Medical School is shown to inform the reader about the practicability of the system for nurses and physicians during daily routine.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Computer evaluation of spirometric examinations and electrocardiograms.

Computers experiences ever increasing possibilities in acquisition and evaluation of biosignals both for the experimental and practical application within the scope of executive health care institutions. The analysis and evaluation of biosignals on a computer is time-saving, and can involve quantitative parameters as well as mathematical methods which in the absence of computer techniques would be unmeasurable in practice. The paper describes the basic approaches to the solution of analysis automation, and to the computer evaluation of spirometric examination and ECG as proposed at the Research Institute of Medical Bionics in Bratislava. The technical and program system for evaluation of forces expiration within the scope of spirometric examinations and two systems of ECG evaluation are described. The first system utilizes the standard 12-lead ECG and Minnesota code, the second system processes vector-cardiogram derived from Frank's orthogonal leads under application of Pipberger's program.

Computers↗
PubMed1993

Computer processing of the orthogonal electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram.

The aim of this contribution was to review the possibilities of presentation of orthogonal ECG signals and to evaluate the progress in computerized electrocardiography achieved in Czechoslovakia. The information about the cardiac electric field in orthogonal electrocardiogrpahy is defined and consequently displayed as a fixed single dipole (vector). The spatial trajectory of vector end-point (spatial vectorcardiographic loop) can be presented in different ways--as orthogonal electrocardiogram, polarcardiogram, planar vectorcardiogram and decartogram, respectively. The advantages of particular methods of presentation, as well as their limitations are discussed. Computer-assisted electrocardiography was introduced in Czechoslovakia in 1974. The original AVA program has been further developed in the Research Institute of Medical Informatics (formerly Research Institute of Medical Bionics). The currently developed system CardioSys allows the utilization of all the possibilities of orthogonal ECG and vectorcardiographic presentation for clinical and epidemiological cardiology as well as for the research.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1997

Comparative psychophysical evaluation in cochlear implantation: electrical and magnetic stimulation.

Transtympanic electrical stimulation, either in the form of round window or promontory placement of electrode prior to cochlear implantation is an accepted and commonly used psychophysical tool. Certain response parameters have been identified as predictors of outcome. This study compared the subjective auditory responses generated by promontory electrical stimulation (PES) with those from two noninvasive modalities, namely peritympanic electrical stimulation (PTES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Ten postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant candidates were studied. Standard psychophysical parameters were obtained from patients undergoing PES and PTES. A more subjective form of evaluation was conducted for TMS. Subsequently, nine patients received the multichannel Nucleus (Cochlear Corp., Denver, CO, U.S.A.) implant and one patient a Clarion (Advanced Bionics, Sylmar, CA, U.S.A.) implant. Compared with PES. PTES elicited increased threshold responses with similar dynamic ranges between 50 and 400 Hz of stimulation. The differences were, by and large, insignificant. PTES appeared to be a useful alternative in selected individuals owing to its noninvasiveness. TMS, on the other hand, was incapable of clearly inducing auditory percepts. It also produced concomitant facial and trigeminal stimulation, limiting its potential use as a prognostic tool.

Adult↗