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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Two suicide fatalities from sodium cyanide ingestion: differences in blood biochemistry].

We report a case of two suicide fatalities from sodium cyanide ingestion, which showed differences in pathology and blood biochemistry. The victims were a married couple in their 70 years of age, owners of a gilding factory. They were found dead in their bedroom by a family member. Suicide notes and sodium cyanide powder were found in the room. Autopsy revealed eroded gastric mucosae in both victims. In the male, the stomach showed a previous postoperative state of partial resection, and the lungs were more congested and edematous in the male than in the female. In both victims, cyanide was detected in the blood at markedly high concentrations. In postmortem blood biochemistry, a marked elevation of cardiac troponin T, I and CK-MB was observed in the peripheral blood of the male, whereas there was only a mild elevation in the female. In the male, erythropoietin was also markedly elevated. These observations suggested a difference in the dying process following sodium cyanide ingestion between the victims; survival time may have been longer in the male than the female. The absorption of cyanide may have been a contributory factor to the difference.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of August 2003 heat wave in France on a hospital biochemistry laboratory activity in Paris].

In August 2003, France sustained an exceptional heat wave. Heat-generated pathologies (dehydratation, heat stroke, cardio-vascular diseases) were responsible for additional biological analysis orders at the Saint-Antoine Hospital biochemistry laboratory in Paris from 4 to 18 august, compared to the same period in 2002. Variations were: + 17.6% for analysis orders, + 30.1% for ionograms, + 28.9% for plasma troponins I and + 58.6% for blood gazes analysis. Women and patients older than 75 years ratios were higher in august 2003. Biochemistry results analysis showed higher frequency of elevated plasma sodium, creatinine and troponin in 2003, confirming that most of patients admitted during heat wave were affected by heat-related diseases. Finally, laboratory excess activity was performed and quality was maintained, in spite of reduced staff and unusual climatic conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Screening for chromosomal abnormalities using nuchal translucency measurement with materal serum biochemistry markers in first trimester].

OBJECTIVE: To Investigate the performance of prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities in first trimester. METHODS: Maternal serum were collected from 2 739 pregnant women between 11 and 14 weeks gestation. Free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin(beta-hCG), pregnancy-associated plasma protein(PAPP-A) from materal serum were measured using time resolved fluorescence immunoassay(TRFIA) and fetal nuchal translucency(NT) thickness were measured using transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound. 22 chromosomal defects were diagnosed in 22 cases using karyotyping. The levels of three markers were analyzed among 22 cases and 870 controls. RESULTS: The level of three markers were significant difference between affected and unaffected pregnancies. In affected cases, the value or level of NT and free beta-hCG were higher, while the level of PAPP-A was lower. We found that screening for chromosomal defects using a combination of NT and serum biochemistry was associated with a detection rate of 91.67% for all types of chromosomal defects, with a false-positive rate of 11.16%. CONCLUSION: A combination of nuchal translucency measurement with materal serum biochemistry markers provides an effective method of screening for chromosomal defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The suction effusion fluid is useful as a sample for blood biochemistry].

We examined whether the suction effusion fluid could be used as a new sample for blood biochemistry. The fluid was obtained from the skin surface of female mongrel dogs by transcutaneous suction after removal of the horny substance. The appropriate intraluminal pressure for suction was 300 mmHg at which the effusion fluid flow rate was 0.6 microliter/min/cm2. The blood biochemistry examination revealed that the creatinine (Cr) and urea (BUN) concentrations in the suction effusion fluid were similar to those in plasma and that the protein and lipid concentrations were much smaller than those in plasma. The six-hour study showed that the effusion fluid could be obtained for hours at the same skin area and that the Cr and BUN concentrations were consistently close to those in plasma. In uremia models, the Cr and BUN concentration in the suction effusion fluid was similar to and had an extremely high correlation (r = 0.985 and 0.982 respectively) to that in plasma through out the range for clinical practice. The skin biopsy revealed that the regeneration of the horny substance had started at one week after the suction and complete recovery was seen at four weeks. The invasiveness of the suction seemed to be small. The suction effusion fluid is a reliable material for measurement of Cr and BUN in plasma and, as it contains much less proteins and lipids, will be a good sample for biosensors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of soman poisoning on hematology and coagulation parameters and serum biochemistry in rabbits.

The effects of soman poisoning on hematological (counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets and measurement of hematocrit) and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and concentrations of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII, and factor XI) and serum biochemistry (concentration of albumin, protein, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, and creatinine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and amylase) were determined at 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours after poisoning of rabbits. There were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in the RBC counts in all treatment groups that were measured initially at 4 hours and were reflected by parallel decreases in the hematocrit values. These changes were probably due to an increase in the hemolysis of the RBC rather than a decrease in the production of RBC. There were minor changes in the coagulation parameters. Generally, the fibrinogen content increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 24 and 48 hours after soman (50 micrograms/kg) poisoning. Blood cholinesterase values were significantly reduced in all treatment groups at all time periods. The CPK activity was increased after 4 and 24 hours in the 20 and 50 micrograms/kg soman groups. There were minor changes in the other biochemistry values, but none that showed a dose-response relationship; thus, they were considered to be of limited significance with regard to the toxic manifestations of soman exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical biochemistry of 5'-nucleotidase.

This review delineates the subcellular distribution, biochemical characteristics, and metabolic functions of 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT), summarizes the analytical biochemistry of 5'NT, and assesses the clinical significance of 5'NT determinations in body fluids, cells, and tissues. Salient aspects of the clinical biochemistry of 5'NT, discussed herein, are as follows: (A) Serum 5'NT activity is generally elevated in hepatobiliary diseases, especially with intrahepatic obstruction, but, unlike serum alkaline phosphatase, serum 5'NT activity is not increased in infancy, childhood, pregnancy, or osteoblastic disorders. (B) In cancer patients, elevated serum 5'NT activity does not always indicate hepatobiliary involvement; in some cases, 5'NT may be released into serum from the primary tumor or local metastases. (C) Genetic deficiency of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'NT activity is a common cause of hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. (D) Acquired deficiency of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'NT activity occurs in patients with beta-thalassemia and lead poisoning. (E) 5'NT activity is low in circulating monocytes, increases markedly upon their differentiation to tissue macrophages, and subsequently diminishes during macrophage activation. (F) Lymphocyte ecto-5'NT activity, a plasma membrane marker of cell maturation, is generally low in immunodeficiency states, and undergoes characteristic changes in patients with certain lymphomas and leukemias.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1987

Biochemistry of Haemonchus--a review.

Haemonchus biochemistry has been reviewed under the subheadings chemical composition (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, hormones, inorganic elements, pigments), absorption/transport, biosynthesis (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids), catabolism/utilization (carbohydrates-glycolysis, TCA cycle, CO2 fixation, electron transport system, pentose pathways, glyoxylate cycle, strain variations in energy metabolism; lipids, proteins), biochemistry in taxonomy and miscellaneous.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

An overview of the biochemistry and anatomy of cholecystokinin (CCK) peptides in the brain.

In the nine years that have passed since the discovery of CCK in the brain, we have learned much about its biochemistry and anatomy. The anatomy of CCK in the brain is complex and in some instances does not fit with classical anatomical concepts. It is apparently common for some brain structures to have multiple CCK innervation and for interneurons and possible projection neurons to be present in the same structures, which may also receive afferent CCK input. Much work needs to be done before we completely understand the biochemistry, anatomy and function of CCK in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of feedback to clinical staff of information on clinical biochemistry requesting patterns.

Attempting to reduce the number of unnecessary tests requested, we initiated a program providing continuous feedback to clinicians concerning their requesting patterns of clinical biochemistry laboratory tests. At four-week intervals each medical specialist received data showing the number and costs of tests requested by all members of his team, the number of patients who had tests, and various related information. Comparative summaries, in frequency-histogram format, of the number of specimens submitted and the costs involved allowed each medical specialist to rate his own performance against that of his peers. The program appeared to have no effect on laboratory use, although reliable information concerning workload patterns was accrued. The degree of education of medical students in clinical biochemistry did not appear to influence the use they made of the laboratory after qualification. The specimens per bed-day ratio is suggested as a useful parameter in the identification of inappropriate laboratory use and as a standard parameter for comparing laboratory use in different hospitals.

Australia↗
PubMed1980

Migraine headache: signs and symptoms, biochemistry, and current therapy.

The classification, biochemistry, precipitating factors, differential diagnosis, treatment of acute attacks, and prophylactic therapy of migraine headaches are reviewed. The biochemistry of both classic (prodromal symptoms) and common (no prodromal symptoms) migraines is poorly understood, but appears to involve serotonin. Although their clinical importance is not clear, common precipitating factors include coffee, tea, and cola beverages; chocolate, cheese, and alcohol; light stimulation, stress, fasting, lack of sleep, and fever; and reduced estrogen levels. The symptomatic treatment of acute attacks with ergot preparations, isometheptene, flufenamic acid, analgesics and sedatives is reviewed. Prophylactic therapy with methysergide maleate, tricyclic compounds, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, propranolol, and 5-hydroxytryptophan is also discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Biochemistry and the schizophrenia. Old concepts and new hypothesis.

More than a decade of scientific inquiry into the biochemistry of schizophrenia has been organized by the dopamine hypothesis. The evidence that neuroleptics reduce brain dopamine activity is compelling and derives from both human and animal studies. In addition, agents which enhance brain dopamine activity, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause a syndrome that can be indistinguishable from acute paranoid schizophrenia. However, a major problem with the dopamine hypothesis is the lack of strong direct evidence of altered dopamine concentrations or metabolism when measured in large groups of schizophrenic subjects. The idea that schizophrenia is more than one illness is an old concept, but it finds increasing support in new studies of the clinical phenomenology, genetics, and biochemistry of schizophrenic patients. The revival of the concept of multiple forms of schizophrenia, in turn, has fostered the development of new biochemical hypotheses of the disorder. These hypotheses propose that neurotransmitters, other than dopamine, may be involved in schizophrenic symptoms. Reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine is specific areas of the brain and in the spinal fluid have led to the hypothesis that norepinephrine may be involved in schizophrenia. At least two groups of investigators have suggested that phenylethylamine might be involved in schizophrenia. In part, this proposal is based on the structural and pharmacological similarities of phenylethylamine and amphetamine. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter. Evidence for the inhibitory influence of GABA-ergic neurons on dopaminergic neurons has led to the hypothesis that decreased GABA-ergic activity may be involved in producing schizophrenic symptoms. Studies with the reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine and the dopamine agonist methylphenidate have led to the suggestion that acetylcholine and dopamine imbalance may be involved in schizophrenia. This hypothesis is one example of the idea that altered balance between several neurotransmitters may underlie schizophrenia. The recent discovery of the endorphins has led to speculations about the possible role of these substances in schizophrenia. Both an excess and a deficiency of endorphin activity have been implicated in schizophrenia, and speculative evidence has been used to support both hypotheses. The ultimate aim of the search for biochemical defects in schizophrenia is the development of rational drug treatments which will correct these defects and in doing so, these drugs will provide effective treatments for patients with schizophrenic symptoms.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

Physiology and biochemistry of Helicobacter pylori.

Since Helicobacter pylori was first isolated in 1982, a tremendous amount of work has been carried out on the pathogenic effects of the organism and latterly on its physiology, nutrition and biochemistry. It is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacillus that is catalase- and oxidase-positive and expresses superoxide dismutase. High levels of urease are produced, the activity of which can be used in the identification of the organism and the infected state. Other noted features include the production of a cytotoxin and an associated protein (CagA). The bacterium is the major aetiological agent in the development of chronic active gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach. To gain a more complete understanding of how H. pylori causes disease a detailed knowledge of its biochemistry, physiology and nutrition is required.

Helicobacter pylori↗
PubMed1995

[Biochemistry and medical value of NO. Physiology and physiopathology of nitric oxide].

The metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives has the advantage of ubiquitarian distribution and these compounds have multiple biological effects. The way of synthesis is simple and this biochemistry produces many variable products in normal physiological conditions. The way of synthesis is simple and this biochemistry produces many variable products in normal physiological conditions. The way of transportation and the pH (giving a particular redox condition) determine its half-life, the function of the molecule and its transmitted message. The advantage of the general distribution of this synthesis is probably a disadvantage in pharmacological approaches. Drugs which will increase or decrease the NO production have to act in a very precise location in a complex physiology so as not to produce more adverse side-effects in another location than benefit effects on the target. This review is a synthesis of the physiology and pathology of this biological information transmitting system.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1996

[Blood flow lipid transport from viewpoint of protein biochemistry].

In accordance with the principles of protein biochemistry, apolipoprotein is the only protein which: 1) forms a protein-lipid complex (PLC) mainly from one class of lipids; 2) determines its functional role; 3) causes dyslipidemia in the genetic destruction of apoproteins or their quantitative ratio. Blood flow lipid transport is based on the functional specificity of their apoproteins; each apoprotein forms a functionally independent PLC; each PLC is formed from one class of lipids; each PLC has one protein-vector; each protein-vector interacts only with receptor. The basis of a united cycle functioning in lipid transport is the difference of primary apoprotein structure. Cholesterol performs an auxiliary function in triglyceride transport by providing circulation in the functional cycle. Lipid transport in blood flow is based, first, on the principles of protein biochemistry and, second, on those of lipidology.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1996

Molecular genetics and biochemistry of Yersinia lipopolysaccharide.

Studies on the molecular genetics of bacterial LPS serve at least two main purposes: (i) to help develop an understanding of the biology, biochemistry and genetics of this bacterial surface macromolecule, and (ii) to provide a basis for both vaccine development and virulence experiments. Both of these goals have been the driving force in studies of Yersinia LPS carried out during the last decade. Here we will review the progress made in the molecular genetics and biochemistry of Yersinia LPS. A deep understanding has been achieved with respect to Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3, reaching as far as a detailed analysis of the gene clusters directing the biosynthesis of the outer core oligosaccharide and of the O-ag. The O-ag gene clusters of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 and Y. pseudotuberculosis serotypes O:2a and O:5a have also been cloned and partially characterized LPS biosynthesis of these Yersinia species includes examples of the two major variations recognized in the biosynthesis of this macromolecule: (i) homopolymeric or O-antigen polymerase-independent biosynthesis, and (ii) heteropolymeric or O-antigen polymerase-dependent biosynthesis.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed2000

Meeting highlights: beyond the genome 2000: the 18th International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

The meeting was held on 16-20 July 2000 at the International Convention Centre in Birmingham, UK, and was co-organized by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) and the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS). Although the meeting had a broad subject area, the emphasis was firmly placed on post-genomic studies, and hence several sessions should be of interest to our readers. We provide highlights of these sessions, bringing you a report on the most exciting and informative presentations.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

Advances in molecular labeling, high throughput imaging and machine intelligence portend powerful functional cellular biochemistry tools.

Cellular behavior is complex. Successfully understanding systems at ever-increasing complexity is fundamental to advances in modern science and unraveling the functional details of cellular behavior is no exception. We present a collection of prospectives to provide a glimpse of the techniques that will aid in collecting, managing and utilizing information on complex cellular processes via molecular imaging tools. These include: 1) visualizing intracellular protein activity with fluorescent markers, 2) high throughput (and automated) imaging of multilabeled cells in statistically significant numbers, and 3) machine intelligence to analyze subcellular image localization and pattern. Although not addressed here, the importance of combining cell-image-based information with detailed molecular structure and ligand-receptor binding models cannot be overlooked. Advanced molecular imaging techniques have the potential to impact cellular diagnostics for cancer screening, clinical correlations of tissue molecular patterns for cancer biology, and cellular molecular interactions for accelerating drug discovery. The goal of finally understanding all cellular components and behaviors will be achieved by advances in both instrumentation engineering (software and hardware) and molecular biochemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Biochemistry and general genetics of nonribosomal peptide synthetases in fungi.

Peptides like penicillin or cyclosporin are nonribosomally synthesised by large multifunctional enzymes. Peptide synthetase genes are coexpressed with other biosynthesis genes organised in clusters. Such clusters are common in fungal genomes, and the respective products are thought to be advantageous though not essential for survival. The biochemistry of the sequential polymerisation reactions is reviewed, including multienzyme organization, amino acid activation and modification reactions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗