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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Mechanism of the congestion of lymph nodes induced by ellagic acid in rats.

Intravenous injection of ellagic acid (EA, 30 mg/Kg), an activator of the Hageman factor, induced congestion of lymph nodes and dilatation of the spleen in rats. The dilatation of the spleen was inhibited by heparin, thrombin, defibrase, clocoumarol, lambda carrageenan, SBTI, PCR 4099 and CCI 17810. The congestion of lymph nodes was inhibited by heparin, thrombin, defibrase, clocoumarol, SBTI, lambda carrageenan, aspirin, indomethacin and ketoprofen, phentolamine and hexamethonium. Thrombin, defibrase, lambda carrageenan did not induce any congestion of the lymphoid tissues. These results suggest the the dilatation of the spleen induced by ellagic acid would result from blood coagulation, platelet stimulation and kinin formation. The congestion of lymph nodes would depend on kinins, blood coagulation and prostaglandin;s. The activation of Hageman factor in acute inflammatory reactions could mediate the early congestion of lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes: from reptilase to now.

The snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs) comprise a number of serine proteases functionally and structurally related to thrombin. Until recently, only nine complete sequences of this subgroup of the serine protease family were known. Over the past 5 years, the primary structure of several SVTLEs has been characterized, and now this family includes several members. Of particular interest is their possible use in pathologies such as thrombosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the state of the art concerning the evolutionary, structural and biological features of the SVTLEs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Simulating fibrin clotting time.

The clotting time (CT) of fibrinogen mixed with thrombin decreased, then increased with increasing fibrinogen levels. By contrast, log CT decreased monotonically with respect to the log level of activating enzyme (thrombin or reptilase). Here, the CT was determined over a large range of fibrinogen concentration (to 100 mg ml(-1)) at a fixed level of enzyme. A new parameter, [Fib]min, the minimal fibrinogen concentration required for thrombin or reptilase-instigated phase change (coagulation), was determined as [Fib]min = 0.2 +/- 0.05 microM fibrinogen. A dynamic simulation program (Stella) was employed to organize simulations based on simple and complex coagulation mechanisms, which generated CT values. The successful simulation aimed at forming [Fib]min and "recognized" the binding of unreacted fibrinogen with intermediate fibrin protofibrils. The "virtual data" mimicked the biphasic experimental CT values over a wide range of concentrations. Fibrinogen appeared to act in three modalities: as a thrombin substrate; as a precursor of fibrin; and as a competitor for fibrin protofibrils. The optimized simulation may provide a basis for predicting CT in more complex systems, such as pathological plasmas or whole blood or at high concentrations encountered with fibrin sealant.

Batroxobin↗