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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Low back injuries among home health aides compared with hospital nursing aides.

Data were collected from all incident reports of low back injury during 1984-1986 among nursing aides at one hospital and home health aides at two agencies in the Baltimore-Washington area. Respective rates of injury were 5.9/100 FTE's and 15.4/100 FTE's (p < 0.001). A majority of injuries occurred during patient-related, planned activities and without the use of lifting equipment. Forty percent of the events occurred at the bedside. Eighty-eight percent of home health aides were working alone compared with 39 percent of NAs. Ergonomic interventions may be an effective strategy to reduce injuries, since 50 percent of the events involved lifting and pushing/pulling activities.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1996

Effect of an early intervention program on the relationship between subjective pain and disability measures in nurses with low back injury.

STUDY DESIGN: The effect of a workplace-based early intervention program on perceptions of pain and disability in nurses with low back injury was studied using a preintervention versus postintervention design with concurrent control group. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship and changes over time between pain and disability measures in two groups of back-injured nurses--those who received the early intervention program (study) and those who were not offered the program (control). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The relationship between back pain and disability is not straightforward. The effects of an intervention program on changes in perceptions of pain and disability over time have not been widely reported. METHODS: The Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire and a visual analog pain scale were administered to 46 study nurses and 137 control nurses at time of injury and at 6 months after injury. Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between the two measures. Changes over time were compared with analyses of variance. RESULTS: Pain and disability were positively correlated in both groups at time of injury and at follow-up evaluation. Mean scores for pain and disability were lower at follow-up evaluation than at initial injury in both groups; study nurses had significantly (P < 0.01) lower scores at 6 months than nurses in the control group. Disability at time of injury predicted disability at 6 months only for nurses in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This workplace-based early intervention program decreased levels of pain and disability in back-injured nurses and altered the relationship between these two variables over a 6-month time interval.

Demography↗
PubMed1993

Back injuries in basketball players.

The basketball player with lower back or lower extremity radicular pain needs to be carefully evaluated. A complete history of any previous symptomatology and a specific history of the new injury are absolutely essential. A careful physical examination with an understanding of the anatomy as well as possible causes of the lower back pain is crucial. An accurate diagnosis is essential in treating every athlete. Most basketball-related lower back injuries will respond to conservative nonsurgical treatment. Rehabilitation is a cornerstone in not only treating the initial symptoms, but decreasing the risks of reinjury. The goal of returning the basketball player to previous performance level as quickly as possible, with a minimal risk of re-injury, is the goal of the team physicians.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Three-dimensional spinal motion and risk of low back injury during sheep shearing.

Sheep shearers are known to work in sustained flexed postures and have a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP). As sustained posture and spinal movement asymmetry under substantial loads are known risk factors for back injury our aim was to describe the 3D spinal movement of shearers while working. We hypothesised that thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral movement would be tri-axial, asymmetric, and task specific. Sufficient retro-reflective markers were placed on the trunk of 12 shearers to define thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral 3D motion during three tasks. Thoraco-lumbar movement consistently involved flexion, left lateral flexion, and right rotation. Lumbo-sacral movement consistently involved right lateral flexion in flexion with minimal rotation. Shearers therefore work in sustained spinal flexion where concurrent, asymmetric spinal movements into both lateral flexion and rotation occur. These asymmetric movements combined with repetitive loading may be risk factors leading to the high incidence of LBP in this occupational group.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Back injuries in the pediatric athlete.

Pediatric and adolescent athletes presenting with back pain are much more likely to have a pathologic cause for their symptoms than are adult patients. For this reason, it is important for those caring for younger athletes to maintain a high index of suspicion for some of the more common pathologic causes of back pain in this population. Diagnostic evaluation should be undertaken more quickly in pediatric and adolescent athletes. Sports-related diagnoses that must be considered include disc-related back pain, atypical Scheuermann's kyphosis, spondylolysis, and spondylolisthesis. Patients of this age may also present with conditions not associated with activity, including discitis, classic Scheuermann's disease, rheumatologic disease, and spinal tumors. History and physical exam provide valuable information to help guide further diagnostic studies which, in turn, will determine necessary treatment. No definitive studies are available regarding the diagnosis and treatment of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Health professionals need to consider the expertise of a local radiologist when deciding upon diagnostic imaging procedures. The athlete's age and sport played can contribute to the appropriate treatment plan.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1998

Diagnostic and management procedures for compensable back injuries without serious associated injuries. Modeling of the 1991 injury cohort from a major Michigan compensation insurer.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of 2425 workers with compensated back conditions was created from the 1991 compensated cohort of the largest compensation insurer in Michigan by linking computerized information on social and demographic factors, diagnostic and management procedures, and cumulative missed worktime. OBJECTIVE: To describe medical care use from date of injury in 1991 to mid-1993 by type of back condition, to identify factors affecting this use, to determine the effect of alternative model selection strategies on identifying such factors, to investigate the timing of surgery and the use of diagnostic studies in patients with displaced or herniated discs with and without surgery, and to compare the use of medical care in the study group with that recommended by national expert panels. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite the enormous costs involved in medical care for patients with work-related back injuries, almost no information on the use of medical care is available for compensated back injuries by diagnostic and procedure code. METHODS: Use of medical care was grouped into 18 categories for tabulation. Factors affecting use of medical care were identified by logistic regression, supplemented by Cox analysis for time to first procedure. The Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square statistic was compared with the Bayes Information Criterion for evaluating model fit. Overall model utility was evaluated by comparing receiver operating characteristic curves generated by the model. For patients with displaced or herniated discs, algorithms were used to identify the diagnostic procedures performed before and after the first surgery and the amount of time that passed before each procedure was performed. RESULTS: In patients with diagnoses of disc displacement or herniation or vertebrogenic neuritis, approximately 80% underwent radiography to obtain plain views of the spine, 75% underwent diagnostic imaging, 45% underwent electrodiagnostic procedures, and 24% underwent spinal surgery (29.3% had surgical procedures among those with disc conditions). In patients with diagnoses of back sprain or other symptomatic diagnoses, the percentages for the first three procedures are approximately 70%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. Diagnostic category, age, gender, and cumulative missed worktime predicted the receipt of diagnostic and treatment procedures. Women were 30% less likely to undergo computed axial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and 50% less likely to undergo spinal surgery. Median time to spinal surgery was twice as long in the group that underwent diagnostic imaging and electrodiagnostic testing before surgery (134.5 days). Of the 622 patients with disc displacement/herniation, 510 (approximately 80%) had initial diagnostic imaging studies, and, of the 510, 162 (approximately 30%) had surgery. Thirteen (8%) were reoperated. Of the 162 patients who had surgery, 46 (approximately 30%) had follow-up diagnostic imaging, and, of the 46, nine (approximately 20%) were reoperated. Of the 348 managed conservatively, 96 (approximately 30%) had follow-up diagnostic imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest only modest differences in the use of medical care between this study group and noncompensated study populations from previous reports. The authors of this study estimate that 27% of diagnostic imaging studies and 43% of plain radiography of the spine could have been avoided if then available Canadian recommendations or current American, guidelines had been followed. The gender effect remains unexplained and needs to be investigated in additional studies. There was an increase of 6% in the use of surgery in compensated patients compared with the use of surgery in a recent American series involving traditional health insurance, but this may be associated with greater work disability in the compensated group. The results of the current study suggest that the use and reporting of model selection strategies and the use of receiver operati

Adolescent↗