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PubMed1999

The effect of previous antibiotic therapy on the bacteriology of the tonsils in children.

The bacteriology of the tonsillar surface and core in 30 children undergoing tonsillectomy was studied. Antibiotics taken in the six months before surgery were recorded. Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus were the commonest isolates; Streptococcus pyogenes was relatively rare. Eight children had received no antibiotics, the others had been prescribed 65 different courses of 13 different types. No relationship between the various antibiotic regimens prescribed and tonsillar bacteriology could be demonstrated, and it would appear that the tonsillar bacteriology at the time of tonsillectomy is not altered by antibiotics prescribed in the previous six months.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of ceftriaxone (CTRX) dosed once daily in children with community-acquired pneumonia].

Clinical and bacteriological evaluation was performed as follows on ceftriaxone (CTRX) at a dose of 50 mg/kg once daily to pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Of 48 subject patients, CTRX was markedly effective in 36 (75.0%), effective in 9 (18.7%), slightly effective in 2 (4.2%), and failure in 1 (2.1%), indicating the overall effective rate of 93.7%. In 47 (97.9%) patients with the exception of 1, it was observed during the period of administration that fever was resolved and clinical symptoms as well as radiographically abnormal shadows were found relieved or improved. Patients infected by an isolated strain accounted for 34 (70.8%), while those by multiple strains 14 (29.2%), indicating that either Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae, or both were detected in almost all patients (45 cases). Of the 48 patients, bacteriological effect was eliminated in 44 (91.7%), and replacement of the bacteria in the remaining 4 (8.3%). MIC90 of CTRX against detected bacteria was 0.2 microgram/ml with H. influenzae, < or = 0.025 microgram/ml with PSSP, 0.1 microgram/ml with PISP, and 0.39 microgram/ml with PRSP. Blood concentration of CTRX at 50 mg/kg upon completion of 1-hour drip intravenous infusion was 89.7 +/- 25.2 micrograms/ml, and 6.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml at 24 hours after the completion, indicating that the concentrations had been well above the levels of MIC90 throughout the 24 hours. Abnormal symptoms, which were most likely adverse drug reactions, were not observed in any patients, and no abnormal changes were noted in patients, whose clinical lab values were taken before or after the administration. Situations may differ by region in Japan, however, infants under 3 are generally exempted from medical payment regardless of inpatients or outpatients. When hospitalized, psychological burden upon pediatric patients without guardians attended must be enormous. If they are over 3, there is a difference in medical costs between inpatients and outpatients, with greater economic burden on inpatients. Thus, it was considered worth attempting the outpatient treatment as one of new therapies for community-acquired pneumonia, though the outpatient treatment should not be encouraged without due consideration. Based on these results, CTRX dosed once daily to pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia is clinically and bacteriologically superior in usefulness. Further review may be necessary, however, it is considered that outpatient treatment can also serve as one of the options, if safety of once-a-day administration of CTRX can be established.

Ceftriaxone↗

PubMed2001

[Role of PCR analysis in complex bacteriological studies in phthisiology].

The study was undertaken to assess the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in complex bacteriological studies in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in 197 patients by bacterioscopy, inoculation, and PCR. It was shown that in addition to conventional bacteriological methods, PCR might be used as an additional laboratory study in making a diagnosis in patients with restrictive pulmonary tuberculosis. A combination of cultural inoculation and PCR analysis enhances the sensitivity of bacteriological diagnosis and reduces its duration in oligo- and abacillary patients with tuberculosis. PCR analysis enhances the efficiency of laboratory control over antituberculous chemotherapy.

Bronchitis↗

PubMed2002

Bacteriologically-negative pulmonary tuberculosis--the Singapore tuberculosis control unit experience.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with radiological features suggestive of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from areas with a high prevalence of the disease have a high clinical likelihood of PTB regardless of the bacteriological findings. It is the established practice in many countries to initiate therapy in such patients. Our study aimed to determine if treatment for bacteriologically-negative PTB in our local population was appropriate and to identify features at presentation that would be predictive of active PTB, as defined by good and appropriate response to anti-tuberculous treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a randomised sample consisting of 100 bacteriologically-negative PTB patients given a course of anti-tuberculous treatment at the Singapore Tuberculosis Control Unit (TBCU). Based on their treatment response and outcome, patients were classified as probable active or unlikely active PTB. Patients' characteristics, clinical presentation and radiological findings were analysed for their association with likelihood of probable active PTB. RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of patients in this study had probable active PTB. The decision to treat this group of patient was appropriate. There was no serious adverse reaction in the patients treated. The presence of symptoms, especially cough at presentation, a history of contact with tuberculosis and cavitation on chest radiograph, were associated with an increase risk of probable active disease. CONCLUSION: The TBCU's practice to treat patients suspected of having radiological PTB in the setting of negative sputum smear and culture seems to be appropriate in the majority of cases.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis in relation to sinoscopic appearance.

BACKGROUND: The bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis in relation to different sinoscopic appearances is reported in this study. METHODS: When transantral sinoscopy via an anterior wall puncture was used to examine the maxillary antra in patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis, the sinoscopic appearances were divided into five types. Maxillary antra in which ostia were recognized under the endoscope and no secretion existed were classified as type 1. Maxillary antra in which ostia were not recognized and no secretion existed belonged to type 2. Maxillary antra in which seromucoid secretion existed belonged to type 3. Maxillary antra in which mucopurulent discharge existed belonged to type 4. Maxillary antra in which fungal balls existed belonged to type 5. Swab specimens of these antra were sent for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 1998, 493 sinoscopic appearances of maxillary antra were classified. Among them, 72 were classified as type 1, 59 were type 2, 75 as type3, 227 were type 4, and 60 were type 5. The culture rate of swab specimens from those antra with type 1 sinoscopic appearance was 56.9%. The culture rates were 59.3% for type 2, 48% for type 3, 64.8% for type 4, and 88.3% for type 5. Common cultured bacteria were similar among antra with different types of sinoscopic appearances, except type 5 antra, but less gram-negative aerobes grew from type 1 antra. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the bacteriology of noninvasive fungal sinusitis was different from that of ordinary chronic maxillary sinusitis. However, among ordinary chronic maxillary sinusitis, the bacteriology was similar between maxillary antra with different sinoscopic appearances except with mild disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Clinical and bacteriological results from the administration of Cefepime (Maxipime) in patients with severe sepsis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of Cefepime administered to critically ill sepsis patients, as well as possible adverse reactions and interactions. MATERIAL/METHODS: 30 patients with severe sepsis of different origin were treated with Cefepime a dosage of 2.0 g bid. Of these patients, 26 survived (86.67%). The clinical and bacteriological effects of antibiotic administration were recorded at the end of treatment. RESULTS: The treatment outcomes in terms of clinical results were as follows: 17 patients cured (56.67%), 7 improved (23.33%), 2 with unsatisfactory outcome (6.67%), and 4 failures (13.33%). Cefepime treatment resulted in a reduction of the APACHE II score from ca. 20 at the beginning to 9.44 at the end, while the SOFA score fell from 7 to 2.62. This indicates improved clinical status and reversal of multiple organ failure. The bacteriological results were as follows: pathogen eradication in 17 cases (56.67%), pathogen persistence in 8 cases (26.67%), and superinfection in 5 cases (16.66%). Out of 80 total hemocultures, 63 proved to be sterile. In two cases in vitro Enterococcus faecium was isolated with antibiotic resistance. Of 81 total cultures of infectious foci, 10 showed resistance: 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 Acinetobacter baumannii, and 2 Enterococcus faecalis. No side effects of Cefepime administration were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Cefepime administration resulted in low mortality, clinical improvement, minimal resistance, and lack of side effects. Cefepime is an effective drug of first choice for critically ill sepsis patients

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[A study on the bacteriological aspect of fresh beef. II. Effect of storage of carcases in slaughter-houses (author's transl)].

Beef carcases were stored in the chilling rooms of seven slaughter-houses for periods varying from ten to thirteen days and bacteriologically examined at regular intervals. At best, the bacteriological state of the carcases continued to be acceptable for nearly two weeks; under adverse conditions, it was acceptable for barely a week. The bacteriological keeping qualities were markedly affected by the temperature and, if to a far less extent, by contamination during slaughter and loss of weight due to evaporation. The importance of these factors as well as that of the method adopted in sampling is stressed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sputum bacteriology in nursing home pneumonia: a retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia is the most lethal infection in nursing homes. The Infectious Disease Society of America recommends that attempts be made to obtain quality sputum to focus antibiotic therapy. This is especially important within the enclosed space of a nursing home, where constant pressure from broad spectrum, empiric antibiotics sets the stage for the emergence of resistant organisms. METHODS: We reviewed all cases of radiographic pneumonia diagnosed on-site at the Wisconsin Veterans Home, a 721-bed facility, for the recording of sputum bacteriology and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Ninety-nine cases of radiographic pneumonia diagnosed on-site were identified over 1 year. Mortality was 10% within 30 days. Fourteen quality sputum specimens were obtained and processed microbiologically. None of the individuals who had a sputum specimen died within 30 days, probably because the ability to obtain a sputum specimen is a marker of higher functional status. DISCUSSION: Even if empiric therapy continues in the majority of cases, cultures in individual cases may alert clinicians to noncovered, resistant pathogens, and allow focused antibiotic therapy with agents like amoxicillin that might extend the usefulness of empiric, broad spectrum antibiotics. Institutions may also sum the results of sputum bacteriology to assist in the choice of empiric antibiotic therapy. Sputum bacteriology may benefit both the individual resident and the entire population of the institution.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prediction of the bacteriological quality of natural waters in urban environments. Effect of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation].

At the moment of examination, the bacteriological quality of water is not, to a large extent, more than an a posteriori evaluation: the population is advised afterwards that it had been exposed to a sanitary risk. The ideal situation for managing aquatic environments or recreational use would be to be able to predict at any moment their bacteriological quality. An approach would be to develop predictive models to relate the exceedance (number of days during which the bacteriological indicator exceeds the standards) with environmental variables. Studies were carried out at two beaches with different limnological characteristics, a fluvial beach and a lacustrine beach, from the beginning of 1998 to the end of 2000, so that it was possible to obtain information on the impact of very different hydroclimatic situations on microorganisms of sanitary interest (Escherichia coli and cyanobacteria). Three variables, maximum concentration of E. coli, rains and water level, justified 92.6% of the exceedance variance in the multiple regression model at the fluvial beach. Other abiotic variables (temperature, pH, conductivity, transparency and dissolved oxygen) showed collinearity problems or did not make statistically significant contributions to the model. During the El Niño event (gauge heights > 5 m) there were no exceedances after the rains, even with precipitations of 200 mm. Moreover, cyanobacteria density remained low (x = 1.191 +/- 0.703 log10 cian./ml). During the negative pluvial anomalies, although the exceedances of E. coli were not very frequent at both beaches due to the scarce rains, a massive development of cyanobacteria was produced (x = 4.657 +/- 0.578 log10 cian./ml) at the lacustrine beach. At this beach, the mean decay coefficient (K) for E. coli was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that estimated for the fluvial beach (K = -0.682 +/- 0.32 versus K = -0.387 +/- 0.16, respectively), possibly due to the unfavourable environment created by the higher development of photosynthetic organisms. Analizing separately the anomalous period, variables that better explained (98.6%) the exceedances were (in addition to the maximum concentration of E. coli) pH, temperature and days without rains (DWR) before the sampling. The longest exceedances (6 to 8 days) were produced at the end of the negative pluvial anomalies, after prolonged periods (> 30 days) of droughts. Regression models obtained to predict the exceedance of E. coli were simplified using only three abiotic variables (water level, rains and DWR). Although, in this way, the percentage of explanation of the exceedance is lower (78.5%), the information needed for the model is obtained quickly and preventive measures can be carried out immediately while waiting for more information.

Argentina↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Contribution of the microbiology laboratory to renal and urinary studies. Bacteriological examination of urine].

A. General considerations: 1. Microbiological condition of the normal urine and urinary tract; 2. Infections of the urinary tract. B. Possibilities of the laboratory of microbiology in renourinary investigations: 1. Detection and significance of pathogenic microorganisms in the urine; 2. Quantitative uroculture: a. The significance of urocultures in asymptomatic bacteriuria; b. The significance of bacteriuria in clinical diseases of the urinary tract. 3. Other diagnostic possibilities in urinary tract infections. 4. Possible microbiologic localization in urinary infections. a. Washing the urinary bladder; b. Urethral catheterism; c. Evidence of bacteria-antibody complexes in the urine; d. Bacteriologic localization pattern in bacterial urethritis and prostatitis. 5. Testing against antibiotics. C. Bacteriologic examination of the urine: 1. Collecting the urine for bacteriologic examination: a. Collecting from the middle jet: I) from women II) from men III) from imobilized patients IV) from children b. Collection by suprapubic puncture 2. Screening methods and tests 3. Methodology and diagnostic tests in urinary tract infections. a. Cultures; b. Follow up of the results. c. Reporting the results.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed2004

[Clinical and bacteriological substantiation of the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam in complex therapy of patients with pyo-destructive forms of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)].

Antibacterial therapy is the most important component of the complex management of pyo-destructive forms of LRTI. Since the microbial flora is rather variable and polymorphous, antibiotics used in the treatment of LRTI should be active against both aerobic (especially gramnegative) and anaerobic pathogens. The aim of the study was to prove, on the basis of the bacteriological and clinical findings, the validity of the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam (CS), the only inhibitor-protected cephalosporin, for the monotherapy of patients with LRTI. The trial enrolled 32 patients (29 males and 3 females) with various forms of LRTI, including 22 patients with destructive pneumonia, 8 patients with acute and chronic lung abscesses and 2 patients with lung gangrene. Complications of the main disease such as empyema, bronchopleural fistula, pyopneumothorax and hemoptysis in 63.5% of the patients were recorded. To verify the microbiological diagnoses, bacteriological assay of the sputum, endobronchial secretion or the contents of the abscess and pleural cavities was performed. The main component of the complex conservative treatment was the monotherapy with CS administered intravenously in an average daily dose of 5.9+/-1.59 g divided into 2 portions. The maximum daily dose for the patients with lung gangrene was 12 g. The bacteriological efficacy was evaluated by the ESCMID (1993) criteria. The clinicoroentgenologic efficacy was estimated by regression of the main signs of LRTI. The pathogens of LRTI were isolated and identified in 87.5% of the patients. Nonsporulating anaerobic bacteria such as Prevotella spp., Bacteroidesfragilis, Fusobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. were isolated from 24 (75%) of them. AD the anaerobic organisms proved to be susceptible to CS (100%). As for the aerobic organisms, 85.5% of them was susceptible to CS. The clinical effect of the antibacterial therapy in 29 (90.6%) patients was registered. In 20 patients (64.5%) both clinical and roentgenologic cure was shown. The lethal outcome in 1 patient (3.1%) was stated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2005

[Investigation of intranasal bacteriological character and pH value in patients with chronic rhinitis treated by Budesonide aqueous nasal spray].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bacteriological character and pH value in nasal cavity and observe the efficacy following 8 week treatment with Budesonide aqueous nasal spray in chronic nonallergic rhinitis. METHODS: Forty-two patients with chronic nonallergic rhinitis were treated with Budesonide aqueous nasal spray (256 microg once daily intranasal) for 8 weeks. Bacteriological character was measured before and 8 weeks after treatment All the swab specimens were obtained from the inferior meatus, bacteriologic outcome was determined by general cultures. Nasal pH value was measured by using a probe sited under the inferior turbinate before and after treatment. Efficacy was evaluated by measurement of nasal symptom scores and sign scores before and 8 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: The bacterial growth was present in 37 of 42 cases (88%) before the treatment (group 1), including 53 aerobic bacteria. The bacterial growth was present in 38 of 42 cases (90.47%) 8 weeks after treatment (group 2), including 46 aerobic bacteria. There was no significant difference in the bacterial distribution between group 1 and group 2 (chi2 = 0.416, P > 0.05). Budesonide aqueous nasal spray reduced pH value from 7.90 +/- 0.39 to 7.70 +/- 0.23 (t = 2.72, P < 0.05). All the parameters of symptoms were improved after treatment, including nasal obstruction, nasal secretions, itchy feeling of the nose, closed rhinolalia and headache. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoid aqueous nasal spray could be used safely for eight weeks and does not increase the risk of aerobes and fungi infection and reduce the pH in chronic nonallergic rhinitis. It is effective in relieving symptoms of patients with chronic nonallergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1995

Bacteriologic potability of the drinking water in a diarrhea hyperendemic area in southwestern Saudi Arabia.

High prevalence of diarrhea was reported among people living in a semiurban community in Shebaa area in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. This was in comparison to prevalence in a nearby urban community in Abha, the capital city of The Southwestern Region of Saudi Arabia. Contamination of the desalinated water, commonly used for drinking, was one possible hypothesis for occurrence of this diarrhea problem. The objective of the present study was to test bacteriological potability of desalinated water in both Shebaa and Abha areas and to determine whether any contamination occurred during transportation from water distribution stations to houses or during storage in house reservoirs. Water samples were collected and analyzed by the Presumptive Coliform Test from a sample of water tankers transporting water and from tap water originating from house reservoirs in a sample of houses in the two areas. Source of drinking water was recorded for each of such houses. Of 117 water samples from 39 tankers transporting water, only one sample was positive bacteriologically and non-potable (potability = 99%). Whereas among 201 tap water samples from a random sample of houses, 26.4% showed contamination. Bacteriological non-potability was found in a significantly higher proportion of houses in Shebaa area (38.4%) than in Abha city (7.9%), (p<0.001). Also, desalinated water was used for drinking significantly more in Shebaa than in Abha (p<0.001). It is concluded that transportation of the desalinated water by water tankers has not significantly contributed to its contamination. Such contamination rather obviously occurred during storage in house reservoirs, and was possibly implicated, at least partly, in the increased prevalence of diarrhea in Shebaa.

Diarrhea↗

PubMed1991

The bacteriology of acute pneumonia and meningitis in children in Papua New Guinea: assumptions, facts and technical strategies.

Acute respiratory infections in children aged less than 5 years in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea were investigated bacteriologically for 10 years from November 1978. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were responsible for 73% of all bacteria cultured from lung aspirate (83 samples), 85.5% from blood (1024 samples) and 92% from cerebrospinal fluid (155 samples). Nonencapsulated H. influenzae was carried by up to 90% of children and was the predominant haemophilus type cultured from lung tissue. Mixed infections of the lung with two types of H. influenzae (8 cases) and both H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae (18 cases), commonly together with other organisms of questionable pathogenicity, reflected the proximity of this organ to the upper respiratory tract. Serotype b accounted for 62% and 82% of H. influenzae isolated from bacteraemic pneumonia and meningitis cases, respectively. Polymicrobic bacteraemic pneumonia occurred in 16 children. Both H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae establish dense, unregulated long-term colonization in the nasopharynx during the neonatal period. Each inhibit autochthonous microflora by mechanisms that are currently unclear. Infections with two or more types occur in 30% (S. pneumoniae) and 60% (H. influenzae) of carriage-positive children. 70-75% of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae isolates from blood concomitantly colonize the upper respiratory tract. Intense exposure of Papua New Guinean children to penicillin at all levels of health care since the 1940s has resulted in widespread relative resistance among pneumococci to this antibiotic. Resistant strains are now found in 32 serotypes, and in children penicillin resistance is present in 75% of all carriage strains and 52% and 22% of blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates, respectively. Penicillin-susceptible and resistant pneumococcal serotypes commonly coexist in multiply populated carriage sites. Resistance to betalactam antibiotics is rare among H. influenzae strains and resistance has not been detected in either H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline or cotrimoxazole. It should not be assumed that the technology of respiratory bacteriology as it is practised in developed countries can be transferred to the third world for utilization in paediatric aetiology and carriage studies. Respiratory bacteriology strategies as they evolved in Goroka were subject to diverse influences. The type distribution of the major causative agents defied fashionable beliefs, generated the need for more precise epidemiological differentiation and, by virtue of their carriage density, cultural properties and response to commonly used antibiotics, required the introduction or development of compatible diagnostic procedures.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

[Prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis. A comparative clinical and bacteriologic study of 2 eyedrops: silver nitrate and oxytetracycline chlorhydrate].

This study carried out at the Saint-Germain-en-Laye Hospital maternity ward included all the neonates delivered between February and September 1989 who exhibited no abnormal manifestations during their stay in the ward, except for ocular symptoms in some subjects. Nine hundred neonates were enrolled. Each day, one of two eyedrop preparations for the prevention of neonatal ocular infections was selected at random. Investigators were blinded to the preparation used. Study subjects were evaluated twice, between D1 and D7 (900 infants) and between D15 and D30 (407 infants). Ocular findings were classified as follows: normal, minimally abnormal (isolated swelling of the eyelids, clear discharge), or frankly abnormal (conjunctivitis, purulent discharge). A bacteriologic study was performed in all patients with minimally abnormal or abnormal findings. Between D1 and D7, ocular symptoms were significantly (p less than 0.05) more prevalent in neonates treated with silver nitrate than in neonates treated with oxytetracycline hydrochloride. This difference was no longer present between D15 and D30. Bacteriologic studies recovered no gonococci. One enfant in the oxytetracycline group had bacteriologically confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infection. The other organisms recovered were mainly Staphylococcus aureus and non-hemolytic streptococci. In inclusion, no currently available eyedrop preparation offers complete protection against C. trachomatis but tolerance is considerably better with oxytetracycline hydrochlorate than with silver nitrate.

Conjunctivitis, Bacterial↗

PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical evaluations of cefdinir 10% fine granules in pediatrics].

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on cefdinir (CFDN, FK482) (10% fine granules), a new oral cephem, were performed in pediatrics. 1. Bioequivalencies of plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of CFDN 5% and 10% fine granules were investigated on 3 pediatric patients with ages between 5 to 13 years administered with a drug in fasting state at a dose level of 3 mg/kg using a cross over method. Average plasma concentrations in a group of patients administered with 5% fine granules peaked at 3 hours after administration with a level of 1.05 +/- 0.29 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.E.) and decreased to 0.12 +/- 0.05 micrograms/ml at 8 hours with a half-life of 1.48 +/- 0.09 hours. In the group administered with 10% fine granules, average plasma concentrations peaked at 2 hours after administration with a level of 1.32 +/- 0.12 micrograms/ml, and decreased to 0.20 +/- 0.11 microgram/ml at 8 hours with a half-life of 1.68 +/- 0.28 hours. The first 8-hour urinary recovery rates of CFDN in the 5% and 10% fine granules groups averaged 19.64 +/- 5.69% and 23.37 +/- 2.36%, respectively. Both average and individual plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates in the patients of the 10% fine granules group were somewhat higher than those of the 5% fine granules group, but no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups including areas under concentrations. 2. CFDN 10% fine granule preparation was administered to 33 pediatric patients with ages between 1 to 13 years with various infections, and its clinical effects, bacteriological effects and safety were assessed. In 31 of the 33 patients (2 patients were excluded since they were with non-bacterial infections) clinical effects were excellent in all of 9 patients with scarlet fever (3), acute pharyngitis (3) or impetigo (3), excellent in 12 and good in 3 of 15 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, and excellent in 4 and good in 3 of 7 patients with acute pneumonia. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. Bacteriological effects against causative organisms were evaluated. All the identified Staphylococcus aureus (4 strains) and Streptococcus agalactiae (1) were eradicated. Of 10 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 9 strains were eradicated and the other one was reduced. Of 7 strains of Haemophilus influenzae 4 were eradicated, 1 persisted and the fate of the remaining 2 were unknown. The overall eradication rate was 90.0%. Microbial substitutions were observed in 5 patients. The new, replacing bacteria were all Haemophilus spp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1976

[Bacteriological, virological, and mycological check-up in patients on regular dialysis treatment and after renal transplantation (author's transl)].

Regular bacteriological control examinations of the dialysate may contribue to the elimination of pyrogenic and even septic reactions. Regular checks of HBS-Ag and HBS-Ab are an effective measure in the early diagnosis of hepatitis B, which is characteristically anicteric and follows a prolonged course in patients on regular dialysis treatment (RDT). Virological examinations can be helpful in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in certain cases of unexplained fever. Regular bacteriological examination of the urine is important in the detection of a urinary tract infection possibly necessitating binephrectomy prior to transplantation. After renal transplantation bacteriological control examinations of the urine, determinations of HBS-Ag and HBS-Ab, complement-binding reactions to CMV and mycotic cultures from the throat, sputum and urine should be regularly performed. Urinary tract infections may be found in up to 88% of the transplanted patients. Hepatits-B infection was noted in 62.8% of this case material. Positive Candida albicans cultures from samples of the uurine usually indicate systemic Candida albicans infection. The described diagnostic measures contribute to an effective prophylaxis and therapy of infective complications in patients on RDT and after renal transplantation.

Bacteriuria↗

PubMed1991

Bacteriologic quality of intraoperative autotransfusion.

Controversies remain about the bacteriologic aspects of intraoperative blood salvage despite the widespread use of this technique. In this prospective study, intraoperative salvaged blood was cultured in 401 patients, according to a direct plating technique. Bacterial growth was detected in 12.7% of cases. These results were compared with those obtained in control studies with sterile water and blood bank units under the same culture conditions. Most microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by other skin and environmental contaminants. Quantitative estimates of contaminations showed low counts of colony-forming units (CFU/ml): 82% of positive cultures yielded 1 or 2 CFU/ml and 6% had 5 to 20 CFU/ml. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 months to detect septic complications. No statistically significant correlation could be found between bacteriologic results of autotransfused blood and infectious complications. This study suggests that bacteriologic monitoring of patients who have undergone autotransfusion may help in detecting surgical field contamination. It also confirms that intraoperative autotransfusion adds little septic risk to cardiac surgery.

Bacteria↗