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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Reliability in warble-tone sound field audiometry.

Test-retest reliability of sound field audiometry has been evaluated by means of repeated determinations of hearing threshold levels for frequency-modulated tones on normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. Two modulation frequencies, 5 and 20 Hz, and two frequency deviations, 4 and 25%, were used, with centre frequencies in the range from 250 to 8,000 Hz. No significant influence on the standard deviations for test-retest differences was found for any of the three parameters studied: modulation frequency, frequency deviation, and normal versus impaired hearing in the listeners. The standard deviation values obtained were smaller than those previously obtained for regular pure-tone threshold audiometry using headphones. They indicate a test-retest reliability allowing functional gain measurements of hearing aids on the real ear to be performed at least as accurately as insertion gain measurements at frequencies above 2 kHz. In the hearing-impaired listeners, some influence was found from modulation frequency and frequency deviation on the sound field hearing threshold levels obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparative study of the usefulness of play-conditioned audiometry with wooden rings and electronic video peep show. Audiometric testing of children at the age of two years.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of new technology in play-conditioned audiometry. The aim was to evaluate whether reinforcement equipment consisting of an electronic video peep show is more advantageous than conventional techniques using coloured wooden rings resulting in a lowering of the age for application of audiometry in children. Thirty-one healthy two-year-old children (18 boys and 13 girls) were tested at the standard audiometric frequencies from 125 to 8000 Hz using both techniques. Fifteen were tested using the wooden ring methods as the first test, and 16 were examined starting with the video peep show. A median of three thresholds (range 0-11 thresholds) was measured using the conventional technique compared to zero thresholds (range 0-11) with the video peep show. Twenty-seven of the tested children were able to establish reliable thresholds. The study did not demonstrate any advantage for determining thresholds using video peep show in comparison with the traditional wooden ring method in tested group of children at two years of age.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1999

Monitoring noise susceptibility: sensitivity of otoacoustic emissions and subjective audiometry.

The capacity of different audiological methods to detect a high noise susceptibility was examined in 20 normally hearing and 26 especially noise-susceptible subjects. The latter were selected from 422 soldiers in field studies: they had shown a temporary threshold shift (TTS) in pure tone audiometry (PTA) after regular training with firearms. In laboratory experiments, the TTS-positive soldiers were re-examined using greatly reduced sound intensities, which caused no TTS in a control subject group. Before and after acoustic stimulation, different subjective (PTA, high frequency audiometry (HFA), upper limit of hearing (ULH)) and objective (transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), distortion products (DPOAE)) audiological tests were performed. After exposure to low impact noise in the laboratory, in both PTA and HFA, a TTS was observed in 11.5% (N = 3) of the noise-susceptible group (compared to 0% in the control group). In the TTS-positive group, deterioration of the ULH occurred in 28% (N = 7) (compared to 15% (N = 3) in the control group). An ULH improvement occurred in only one subject (3.8%) (compared to 25% (N = 5) in the control group). Significant alterations of click-evoked OAE-amplitudes were found in 26.9% (N = 7) of the selected groups, whereas stable emissions were observed in all but one subject (5%) of the control group. However, DPOAE alterations were seen in 19.2% (N = 5) of the TTS-positive soldiers but also in 25% (N = 5) of the control group. These results suggest that TEOAE provides a more sensitive and more objective method of detecting a subtle noise-induced disturbance of cochlear function than do PTA or DPOAE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Disposable electrodes in auditory brainstem response audiometry.

Since the first applications of auditory evoked potentials to neuro-otological diagnosis and objective audiometry, many advances have been made in electrode technology, including the development of disposable electrodes. This paper describes the use of pre-gelled disposable electrodes in auditory brainstem response audiometry (ABR), this test being employed as part of a screening procedure for acoustic neuroma. Factors of patient safety, clinical time and cost are discussed. The use of disposable electrodes is considered a beneficial advance in the ABR test technique.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1988

Material for Cantonese speech audiometry constructed by appropriate phonetic principles.

Cantonese is the common Chinese dialect spoken by the citizens in Hong Kong. It is difficult to construct a material for speech audiometry in the Chinese language in view of 3 facts: (1) all words are monosyllabic, (2) the language is tonal and (3) there are many homophones. Since well-documented Cantonese speech audiometry is not available, an attempt is made in this pilot study to construct short word lists which are equal in phonemic distribution.

Audiometry, Speech↗
PubMed2002

Accuracy of cortical evoked response audiometry in the identification of non-organic hearing loss.

Cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) has been used to identify the presence of a non-organic component in cases where compensation for hearing disability is claimed. This study aims at verifying the magnitude of discrepancy between thresholds estimated by CERA and by pure-tone audiometry (PTA). Results from 204 claimants (408 ears) with reliable PTA and CERA records showed mean discrepancy values between PTA and CERAT of less than 5 dB at high frequencies. Over 83.2% of claimants had a CERAT and PTA threshold discrepancy within 10 dB. Results suggested that while CERA threshold measurement could not accurately predict PTA in all cases, it could still be used as an objective guideline to rule out the presence of a non-organic component in hearing disability compensation claimants.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2002

[Audiological assessment of hearing-impaired children under age 3 and their later pure tone audiometry].

We analyzed the first audiological assessment and latest pure tone audiometry (PTA) in 29 hearing-impaired children (58 ears) visiting Osaka University for their first audiological assessment at the ages of 0, 1, and 2. We evaluated their hearing thresholds with PTA during follow-up and compared them to their first assessments. We combined auditory brain-stem response (ABR), behavioral audiometry, and conditioned orientation reflex (COR) for audiological evaluation of infants. Hearing thresholds assessed by 2 or 3 of these methods were sufficiently precise for hearing aid fitting. Thresholds of recorded ABR waves in 14 ears at loud sound pressure correlated well with later pure tone thresholds at high frequencies. Pure tone thresholds of those in whom no ABR waves were observed at 100 dB, were often out of scale at high frequencies--14% at 4000 Hz and 73% at 8000 Hz. Because of residual hearing at low frequencies, 4-frequency-averaged hearing at 500 Hz, 2 x 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz was better than 100 dB in 7 of 44 ears (16%), and 4 of 22 children (18%) did not fit the severest rank, 2, of the Disabled Persons, Welfare Law in Japan.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed2003

[Objective audiometry using amplitude-modulation following responses elicited by compound sinusoidal amplitude-modulated tones].

The amplitude-modulation following response (AMFR) test is an ideal tool for objective audiometry because of its high frequency specificity. However, this examination is time-consuming when hearing thresholds at several frequencies must be tested, even if the thresholds are automatically detected using computer techniques like phase spectral analysis. To solve this problem, a multiple stimulation technique using a compound sinusoidal amplitude-modulated tone (compound SAM tone) was used to detect 40 Hz AMFR thresholds at several frequencies. A technique for analyzing the thresholds determined by the AMFR elicited by compound SAM tones was established using the component synchrony measure method, a type of phase spectral analysis. The usefulness of this technique was then evaluated. The difference between the thresholds for the AMFR to compound SAM tones and the AMFR to simple SAM tones was clinically negligible. No difference in the threshold of the AMFR was observed when the carrier frequency and modulation frequency combinations of the 4 SAM tones, components of the compound SAM tone, were altered. The threshold pattern of the 40 Hz AMFR detected using the multiple stimulation technique closely resembled the corresponding audiogram patterns for all types of adult hearing impairments. These findings suggest that AMFR using the multiple stimulation technique has almost the same level of frequency specificity as the AMFR elicited by simple SAM tones. The time required to test the AMFR thresholds for four frequencies was, on average, about 24 minutes per ear, which was markedly shorter than the time required using simple SAM tones. AMFR detected using the multiple stimulation technique thus appears to have a high frequency specificity and to be potentially useful for objective audiometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Intraoperative tonal-threshold audiometry in the surgery of otosclerosis].

At the end of stapedioplasty, performed under local anesthesia, the surgeon usually tests the hearing function making questions to the patient turning his voice from a soft whisper to a loud tone. At the ENT Department, University of Parma Italy, a more precise method is employed in order to measure the air conduction threshold of the patient at the beginning and at the end of surgery. From April 1996 to October 1996, intraoperative pure-tone audiometry was performed in 36 patients who underwent stapedioplasty. A portable audiometer "Amplaid 161/C Amplifon" was used in the operating room. Air conduction thresholds were measured at 125-8000 Hz. Intraoperative pure-tone audiometry allows an instantaneous and a more accurate evaluation of the surgical functional results.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Alternating signal speech audiometry in the diagnosis of central lesions of the acoustic analyzer].

Diagnostic sensitivity was compared for two binaural methods of "sensitized" speech audiometry--alternating speech audiometry (ASA) and Dichotic. A total of 35 patients were examined having neurosensory hypoacusis resultant from cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and chronic insufficiency of cerebral circulation. ASA indicated defects of the central parts of the acoustic analyzer in 80% of the examinees. The results of the two methods were similar in 85.7% of the patients. The diotic and dichotic alternating speech tests can be used separately and in combination in diagnosis of central acoustic disturbances, of vascular genesis, in particular.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Computer-assisted audiometry].

A computer audiometer has been designed on the computer using program "Audiometry". No special devices are needed. This computer audiometric complex can perform all kinds of behavioral audiometry: tonal threshold, suprathreshold, speech and in a free sound field.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1975

[Basis and clinical application of the "contingent negative variation" in "evoked response audiometry" (author's transl)].

After repeated stimulation with an indicative stimulus and a second imperative stimulus, a slow negative potential shife, the "Contingent Negative Variation" (CNV), can be recorded in the EEG before the second stimulus. On account of the main features of CNV two qualitative tests can be used in audiometry. "Tone-CNV" is an objective test of perception of a pure-tone. The indicative pure-tone is followed regularly by a second imperative stimulus, a flash of light or a slide. The appearance of CNV is the positive sign of perception, even if the "acoustically evoked potential" (AEP) is difficult to define. Adults and children (5 to 12 years) with normal hearing or suffering from several forms of hearing loss developed a CNV, except those patients with severe brain damage. The advantage of this method is the short testing time and accentuation of AEPs. The test can be also done under sedation. In "Objective Speech Audiometry", a proof of concept discrimination, only words of one concept are combined with a second imperative stimulus. The other group of words of the second concept remains "unreinforced". After correct discrimination all normal subjects developed a CNV before the second stimulus and after the "unreinforced" concept a "Discriminative Positive Variation" (DPV). Thus, this method can be used for clinical purposes. Loss of discrimination, perseveration phenomena and hemispheric differences were observed in aphasic patients.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2001

[High-frequency audiometry: hearing thresholds in normal ears].

High tone audiometry is an audiometric test serviceable in order to discover with precocity conditions affecting first the basal cochlear turn, as in ototoxicity occurs. Despite its increasing diffusion there are not fixed values allowing the use of a HL decibels scale generally introduced, like the adopted for low tone frequencies. This is partly due to difficulties for gauging several devices employed. Besides the age has an important influence in hearing of high tones and as a result the valutations given by distinct AA., disagree among them and each laboratory must establish their normal values grouped according to ages. However the knowledge of these figures is useful because they get a referent when one looks through the literature. This paper reflect our experience with normal population after being realized a brief medical history including an otoscopy and a diagnostic audiometry with the aim to eliminate possible otological pathology undiagnosed. Our results are compared with those of other authors.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Age-dependent electric response audiometry (ERA)-findings in correlation with speech development (author's transl)].

The occurrence of periods of speech-certainty and speech-uncertainty can be observed in normal as well as in children impaired with hearing, voice and speech defects. This behaviour of voice and speech development has not yet been explained by subjective pure-tone or speech audiometry. 19 normal children were grouped into four age populations according to electroglotto- and phonographic analysis. This collective was then examined by Electric Response Audiometry (ERA) at the frequencies of 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz, and 4.0 kHz. Speech-certainty was observed at a mean age of 4.5 years (Group II) and 6.5 years (Group IV), whereas speech-uncertainty was found at a mean age of 2.5 years (Group I) and 5.5 years (Group III). The supraliminal ERA results of contralteral pickup were evaluated in amplitude and in behaviour of latency. Because of the variety of ERA-characteristics, the age-dependent and frequency-specific development of the acoustic system is figured by integration below the characteristics in the supraliminal range. The mathematical result shows two opposite regions as well as the "hearing dynamic" as at the "dynamic of the behaviour of latency": a low-frequency region of 0.5 and 1.0 kHz and a high-frequency region of 2.0 and 4.0 kHz. Evaluation of the electroglottograms following Fourier's analysis shows a typical amplitude spectrum at speech-certainty and at speech-uncertainty.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

[Audiometry in critical frequency bands of hearing].

The analysis of the choice and distribution of the fixed frequencies in the course of audiometry and mechanisms of automatic regulation in the hearing system (HS) gave grounds to suppose that: 1) HS is rather a multichannel system than a single channel, the number of channels being equal to the number of frequency critical acoustic bands (that is 24); 2) not one but 24 mechanisms of threshold hearing adaptation operate in HS, one for each critical hearing band; 3) the number of fixed frequencies at which audiometry is made (125 Hz-8 kHz) should be 21 while now it is 9 and these frequencies should not change by ostave, but must correspond to central frequencies of critical hearing bands this number of frequencies being optimal.

Audiometry↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of hearing disorders in Singapore military conscripts: a role for routine audiometry screening?

AIM: To determine the prevalence of hearing disorders in Singapore military conscripts and describe the profile of hearing loss and associated risk factors. METHODS: Population-based descriptive analysis of randomised cohort of 818 Singapore military conscripts presenting for medical examination, using self-administered questionnaire and pure tone audiometry performed for both ears. Main outcome measures are prevalence rate of hearing loss and relative risk of hearing loss by demographic factors and surrogates for noise exposure. RESULTS: Prevalence of hearing loss was 36.7 per 1,000 (95% CI 24.8, 51.9). Of 30 subjects with hearing loss, 19 (63.3%) had loss at high frequency, 7 (23.3%) at low frequency, and 4 (13.4%) in both ranges. Hearing loss was unilateral in 17 (56.7%) subjects and bilateral in 13 (43.3%). Relative risk of hearing loss did not differ by age group, education level, race or frequency of personal stereo use. Relative risk of hearing loss is higher in subjects with frequent discotheque visits compared to those who never do so (RR = 2.72, 95%CI 1.09, 6.76). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of hearing loss in Singapore military conscripts points to the need for routine audiometry screening prior to enlistment. This will be useful in assigning military vocations, in clinical case management, and for assessing cases of noise-induced hearing loss attributable to military service.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Application of extended high frequency audiometry in the early diagnosis of noise--induced hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the application of 10-20 kHz audiometry in early diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss and to explore the relationship between hearing loss and subjects' age, the exposure time as well as the noise level. METHODS: One thousand workers with noise exposure history were examined by pure tone audiometry(0.5-20 kHz). One hundred and twenty normal subjects served as the control group. RESULTS: The noise levels at working sites ranged from 95 to 115dB(A). Compared with the control group, noise-exposed subjects showed minor changes in the thresholds from 0.5 to 6 KHz, whereas the thresholds were elevated in the high frequency range of 10-16 kHz (P < 0.001). The incidence of ears without any response to the maximum output at the frequency range of 14 to 20 kHz was much higher (P < 0.01) than that of the control group. In the animals exposed to noise, the thresholds of 10-18 kHz increased with the aging and with increase of working time (6-10 years), but there were no significant differences among subjects exposed to the noises at different levels(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In noise-exposed ears, the occurrence of threshold changes in the high frequency range (10 to 20 kHz) is earlier than that in the low frequency range (0.5 to 6 kHz). Aging and working time also affect the 10-20 kHz hearing thresholds. The lack of responses to maximum output and the changes in thresholds in the high frequency range (10-20 kHz) can be used as indices for the diagnosis of early noise-induced hearing loss and for the assessment of the susceptibility of the subject to noise damage.

Adolescent↗