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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Diverticulum of the vermiform appendix. A review of 28 cases.

Twenty-eight previously unreported cases of appendiceal diverticula were found in a 15-year retrospective review of records at five hospitals. The incidence is probably higher than is realized. Data drawn from the review indicated that the age of the patient and a history of previous attacks might be slight clues to distinguishing between diverticulum and acute appendicitis. Inflamed or not, rarely are these diverticula recognizable at the time of operation, but if the appendix is bulbous or club-shaped or there is increased thickening of the mesentery, the surgeon's suspicion should be aroused. In four of fourteen acute cases in the series, perforation had occurred-within 15 hours of the onset of symptoms in two cases. In four others there was abscess formation within the mesentery of the appendix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Histochemical enzymatic assessment of the human appendix at different ages.

The appendectomy specimens submitted to surgical pathology exhibit a wide variety of morphological appearances. We have evaluated the activities of acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl esterase, and leucineaminopeptidase in 100 human appendixes divided into six age groups in order to ascertain whether any histochemical pattern was related to the age group rather than to pathological condition. Our findings support that the submucosal fibrosis is unrelated to the patient's age, as well as appendiceal obliteration. It is noteworthy that the mucosa of the appendix may retain its lymphoid constituents at any age and that young subjects may already show appearances of involution up to lumen obliteration.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

[Age and the anatomy of lymph nodule groupings in the human appendix].

The appendices from 121 corpses of persons died at the age 1 day--83 years have been studied. Increase in number and size of the lymph nodules in the appendix wall takes place up to 16 years of age. At the same age there is a certain increase in arrangement density of the lymph nodules from the base of the organ towards its apex. In childhood and adolescent age, in histological sections, the grouped lymph nodules are often arranged in 2-3 layers. The form of the nodules in transversal sections of the appendix in children and adolescents is round, oval and piriform, and at mature age and especially in aged and old persons, most of the nodules are flattened and elongated in transversal direction. The germinative centers are present in most of the lymph nodules in children up to 16 years of age, their number is less in mature persons and they are absent in the nodules in aged and old persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Large mucocele of the appendix imitating an ovarian cyst].

Mukokela appendix--described by Rokitansky in 1842 for the first time--appears in 0,2% of appendectomy at Bulovka-Hospital Prague. Great mukokela appendix (12,5 x 5,5 cm), which resembled ovarial cyst on the right hand side, had been found for the first time in 20 years. The patient was a 63 old woman; she was cured in 9 days after appendectomy. The authors describe etiology, clinic and the case itself.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1983

[Structural and immunomorphological characteristics of the human fetal appendix].

Altogether 120 human 12-31 week-old embryonal appendices were examined by histological, histochemical and immunomorphological methods. It was demonstrated that the first lymphoid follicles in the appendix occur in a 17-week-old embryo. Beginning from this time mononuclear suspension can be isolated from the organ and T and B lymphocytes defined. The features of the intestinal mucosa areas where lymphocytes are reproduced, released into the intestinal lumen and eliminated from the organs via the vessels are described. In mononuclear suspension, T and B lymphocytes are demonstrated, first in equal amounts whereupon the percentage of B lymphocytes rises to 26%, while the T lymphocyte count remains within 18%. The authors do not regard the appendix as an analog of the Fabricius bursa but attribute it to the peripheral organs of the immunity system.

Appendix↗
PubMed1983

[Enzymatic reaction of the follicular cell population in the human appendix].

Histochemical techniques were employed to determine acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthylesterase activities in follicular cells from the mucosa of surgically removed human appendixes. These very reactive cells are found in two areas: in the middle of the light centre and in the surroundings of this centre. The former are globose, arranged with a certain degree of order, and have a reticular anchorage that does not appear to be particularly affected by the physiological and pathological events that occur in the appendix, whereas those of the border vary in number or may even be absent. They have an elongated shape and are also anchored in a reticulum that in this case is more consistent. The result is that in certain forms of appendiceal disease the pale centre of the follicle is closed in a kind of shell formed of very reactive cells. The identification and significance of these two groups of cells of the light centre are discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Sarcoidosis with involvement of the appendix.

Sarcoidosis with involvement of the vermiform appendix is a rare clinical occurrence. We describe a young woman with sarcoidosis whose initial manifestations suggested acute appendicitis. Histologic examination of the appendix showed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas without acute inflammatory changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The rabbit's appendix: an immunological model applied to the study of epithelial immunity (author's transl)].

The rabbit's appendix is a pecular lympho-epithelial formation as it includes both areas of thymus-dependent lymphocytes (the interpolated sieved lamina) and non-thymus-dependent lymph nodes. The epithelium joining the intestine lumen and the lymphatic tissue contains cells that become permeable at the contact of lymphocytes. These "tranformed" enterocytes are crossed by antigenic molecules, bacteria, yeasts and evolutive forms of coccidia. Lymphocytes within--as well as reticular cells below the epithelium--catch large molecules, especially antigens, thus having a share in humoral immunity. Just as those of the intestine, the enterocytes of the appendix glandular area are informed at the level of the areas of epithelial mitosis and become resistant to certain infections such as coccidosis. This particular form of immunity we have named "epithelial immunity". Thick sections provide ultrastructural views physically showing information exchanges. Intercellular exchange by contiguous endoplasmic reticular canaliculi at the interface of two cells have thus been demonstrated. They have been as clearly observed between two epithelial cells at between two cells of connective origin and again between an epiethelial cell and a lymphocyte.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Surgical diseases of the veriform appendix].

Various diseases can symptomatically resemble appendicitis. It has been proved that luminal obstruction is the most frequent cause of inflammation of the appendix. There are various causes of obstruction, such as scars, foreign bodies, tumors, granulomas, and dysfunction of coecocolon. Every appendix should therefore be histologically examined. The operative indication for appendectomy should not only include the time factor, but also anamnesis, complaints, and clinical presentation. It is inconsiderate to perform appendectomy as a prophylaxis against appendicitis. Finally, it is surprising that there have been almost no experimental studies on pathogenesis of appendicitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Focal mucosal hyperplasia of the appendix (author's transl)].

On a 20-year-old male patient and on a 67-year-old female patient, we incidentally detected as histologicbioptic findings after routine appendectomy a focal mucosal hyperplasia of the appendix. Basing on these cases we give a survey on the literature pertaining to these rate cases of mucosal alterations of the appendix published up to now, and discuss the problems of these mucosal hyperplasias.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Invagination of the vermiform appendix. A report of two cases associated with endometriosis.

Two cases of invagination of the Vermiform appendix associated with endometriosis are presented. Classification, incidence, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. The literature is reviewed in brief, and it is concluded that the possibility of invagination of the Vermiform appendix should be considered in obsure abdominal cases with recurrent right lower quadrant pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A study of the histopathogenesis of carcinoid tumors of the small intestine and appendix.

A specimen from the small intestine with multiple (three) classic carcinoid tumors and one appendiceal carcinoid tumor displaying argentaffinity, argyrophilia (Grimelius stain), and serotonin and neuron specific enolase immunoreactivity was examined by light microscopy with regard to the tumor cell histopathogenesis. The smallest tumor (diameter 0.5 cm) from the small intestine was cut into 512 and the appendiceal tumor into 511 serial sections, which were stained with the argyrophil technique. In the small intestine an increased number of endocrine cells and small proliferating aggregates of endocrine cells were observed among nonendocrine enterocytes in the crypts of Lieberkühn. They seemed to grow initially inside the crypts and to later infiltrate through the basement membrane into the lamina propria of the mucosa. This finding suggests that classic carcinoid tumors of the small intestine develop from mucosal endocrine (enterochromaffin) cells. Since proliferating argentaffin cells were also seen in the mucosal crypts in one of the other two carcinoid tumors (2 cm in diameter) in the same intestine specimen, it is suggested that when multiple carcinoid tumors occur in the small intestine they arise from multiple sites. There was no apparent connection between the mucosal crypts and the carcinoid tumor of the appendix. Thus in this particular case, the appendiceal carcinoid tumor did not appear to derive from the mucosal endocrine cells but from the subepithelial endocrine cells that are present in the lamina propria and submucosa of the appendix wall. Supporting this view is the fact that S-100 protein immunoreactive cells are found both in close relation to subepithelial endocrine cells and as an integral component of appendiceal carcinoid tumors.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Primary adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix: report of a series of ten cases, and review of the literature.

Ten cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix are presented. The condition is rare and usually presents after middle age as acute appendicitis. It is seldom recognized during appendicectomy. The tumours resemble colonic adenocarcinomas but, because of peculiarities in the anatomy of the appendix, there is a tendency to early local spread. Right hemicolectomy performed as soon as the true nature of the lesion is recognized is the treatment of choice and has been shown to improve survival. Even after hemicolectomy the prognosis must be guarded, as local spread of disease may not be controlled in many cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix with bilateral Krukenberg ovarian tumors.

An unusual case of a 22-year-old white female with known chronic ulcerative colitis presented with a several-day history of lower abdominal pain and a pelvic mass. Laparotomy revealed a primary carcinoma of the appendix with Krukenberg metastasis to both ovaries. Pathologically this tumor appeared to arise from an appendix which showed no evidence of chronic ulcerative colitis and therefore could not be associated with the above-mentioned entity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix: report of five cases and review of the literature.

Five patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix are reported. All patients presented with symptoms resembling those of acute appendicitis or periappendicular abscess. In none of them was malignancy suspected prior to operation. It is advisable that every patient above 50 years of age presenting with symptoms of appendicitis undergo laparotomy, thus enabling a better exploration of the cecal region. If an appendiceal mass is present and frozen section shows malignancy, a right hemicolectomy should be performed. The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the appendix is dismal as most patients present with an advanced stage of the disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

The demonstration of a subset of carcinoid tumours of the appendix by in situ hybridization using synthetic probes to proglucagon mRNA.

Previous studies using immunohistochemistry have shown variable hormone production by carcinoid tumours of the appendix. In order to confirm the existence of a specific subset of these tumours, in situ hybridization using synthetic oligonucleotide probes to detect pre-proglucagon and pre-proinsulin mRNA was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material from eight tubular carcinoids, 12 insulin carcinoids, and two mucinous carcinoids. The results were correlated with standard silver and mucin stains. All tubular carcinoids but none of the insular or mucinous carcinoids contained proglucagon mRNA. Proinsulin mRNA was not detected in any of the tumours. Tubular carcinoids of the appendix constitute a definable subset of appendiceal carcinoids which have a similar distribution and prognosis to typical insular carcinoids and can be diagnosed on haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections confirmed by routine special stains. The main need for recognition is to avoid confusion with mucinous carcinoids, which have a worse prognosis and may require more aggressive treatment.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Sigmoid invasion as a late complication of mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. Report of a case.

A cystic mass arising from the right iliac fossa was an incidental finding at laparotomy and was treated conservatively after a biopsy had shown no evidence of malignancy. Nine years later the patient presented with shock and colonic bleeding. A large cystic lesion arising from the vermiform appendix and invading the sigmoid colon was found and excised. Histologic examination indicated that the underlying lesion was an inflamed mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. Frank invasion of viscera by such lesions has not previously been described. Complications of such lesions and their association with other colonic neoplasms are discussed.

Aged↗