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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ovarian multifollicularity, high LH and androgen plasma levels, and anovulation are frequent and strongly linked in adolescent irregular cycles.

Ninety-seven adolescents (0.5-6.0 years in gynaecological age) suffering from various kinds of menstrual irregularities were studied and compared with 20 adults by performing ovarian ultrasonography and plasma hormonal determinations. High percentages of multifollicularity (57.7%) and enlarged ovaries (46.3%) were found in the entire group of adolescents. Adolescents with multifollicular ovaries (more than 4 cystic areas) showed higher percentages of luteinizing hormone (LH: 32%), testosterone (T: 34%), and androstenedione (A: 43%) levels exceeding the upper normal adult range than subjects with homogeneous (less than 4 cystic areas) ovaries (LH: 12%, T: 10%, A: 19%, respectively). Ovulation can further discriminate the adolescents: in fact, adolescents with homogeneous ovaries and ovulatory cycles have a hormonal pattern almost identical to that of adults. On the contrary, subjects with multifollicular ovaries and anovulatory cycles show low values of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and high values of LH, T and A, significantly different from those in ovulatory subjects with homogeneous ovaries (P less than 0.005) and from those in adults (P less than 0.005).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Does metformin modify ovarian responsiveness during exogenous FSH ovulation induction in normogonadotrophic anovulation? A placebo-controlled double-blind assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the addition of metformin to gonadotrophin ovulation induction in insulin-resistant, normogonadotrophic, anovulatory women alters ovarian responsiveness to exogenous FSH. DESIGN: Placebo-controlled double-blind assessment in an academic hospital. RESULTS: After a progestagen withdrawal bleeding, patients were randomised for either metformin (n = 11) or placebo (n = 9) treatment. In cases of absent ovulation, exogenous FSH was subsequently administered to induce ovulation. Only during metformin treatment did body mass index and androgen (androstenedione and testosterone) levels decrease, whereas FSH and LH levels increased significantly. In the metformin group, a single patient ovulated before the initiation of exogenous FSH. Significantly more monofollicular cycles and lower preovulatory oestradiol concentrations were observed in women receiving FSH with metformin compared with FSH alone. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin co-treatment in a group of insulin-resistant, normogonadotrophic, anovulatory patients resulted in normalization of the endocrine profile and facilitated monofollicular development during the FSH induction of ovulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The delayed anovulation syndrome: influence of hormones and correlation with behaviour.

Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of the ovary and various steroid treatments on the development of the delayed anovulatory syndrome (DAS) in female rats. The influence of neonatally administered androgen on the development of ovarian function and female sexual behaviour was studied. It was found that neither the presence of the ovary nor the administration of oestrogen or androgen affected the time-course of the DAS. Doses of androgen which produced the DAS had little effect on female sexual behaviour and there was no evidence of time-dependent changes in sexual behaviour comparable to the time-dependent changes of ovarian physiology observed during the DAS.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Use of bromocriptine in hyperprolactinaemic anovulation and related disorders.

Bromocriptine has been successfully used to treat hyperprolactinaemic disorders of ovulation; treatment with 5.0 to 7.5 mg daily results in normalisation of serum prolactin concentration and restoration of ovulatory menstruation in most patients with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea. It is equally effective in hyperprolactinaemic patients with pituitary tumours as in those with normal pituitary x-rays, but the choice of bromocriptine as primary treatment in the former group (especially in those patients who desire pregnancy) is a matter of some controversy and requires careful judgement. Bromocriptine has also been used, with reported success, in infertility associated with luteal insufficiency, the polycystic ovary syndrome, normoprolactinaemic amenorhoea and ovulatory infertility. However, its role in the treatment of these disorders will remain uncertain until more extensive, adequately controlled clinical trials are availabe.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1986

Anovulation in postpartum suckled beef cows. I. Associations among size and numbers of ovarian follicles, uterine involution, and hormones in serum and follicular fluid.

Changes in sizes and numbers of ovarian antral follicles, uterine size and weight, serum hormones, and frequency and duration of suckling were examined during the postpartum anovulatory period in primiparous, suckled beef cows. Twenty-one anovulatory, suckled cows (n = 4 to 6/d) were slaughtered on d 7, 14, 28 and 42 to 56 after parturition. In addition, a total of 11 postpartum cows that had begun cyclic activity were slaughtered on d 28, 42 or 56. Blood was collected at 10-min intervals for 6 h 1 d before slaughter for measurement of prolactin, cortisol and progesterone in serum. Numbers of medium (4.0 to 7.9 mm) follicles increased fourfold (P less than .05) between d 7 and 42 to 56 in anovulatory cows, whereas numbers of small (1.0 to 3.9 mm) and large (greater than or equal to 8.0 mm) follicles did not change (P greater than .10). Uterine involution was complete by d 28. In anovulatory cows, a higher (P less than .05) proportion of largest (but not second-largest) follicles was opposite the ovary containing the corpus albicans from pregnancy (CAP). In addition, 90% of these largest follicles opposite the CAP had concentrations of estradiol greater than progesterone. In cyclic cows, however, first ovulations occurred with equal frequency on either ovary. Concentrations of prolactin or cortisol in serum or duration of suckling were not associated with changes in uterine or ovarian measurements. In conclusion, growth and function of the largest (but not second-largest) follicle were reduced when located on the ovary containing the CAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Anovulation in postpartum suckled beef cows. II. Associations among binding of 125I-labeled gonadotropins to granulosa and thecal cells, and concentrations of steroids in serum and various sized ovarian follicles.

To determine if specific binding of 125I-labeled gonadotropins to granulosa and thecal cells, or concentrations of steroids in ovarian follicles change during the postpartum anovulatory period, 21 suckled beef cows were slaughtered on d 7, 14, 28, 42 or 56 after parturition (n = 4 to 6 per d). After slaughter, 10 to 15 follicles were dissected from each pair of ovaries and categorized by diameter: small (1.0 to 3.9 mm), medium (4.0 to 7.9 mm) or large (greater than or equal to 8 mm). Progesterone (221 to 612 ng/ml), androstenedione (48 to 94 ng/ml) and estradiol (2.7 to 23.9 ng/ml) did not change (P greater than .10) in fluid of small or medium follicles from d 7 to 42 to 56 after parturition. Similarly, specific binding of human chorionic gonadotropin (125I-hCG) or follicle stimulating hormone (125I-oFSH) to homogenates of small, medium or large follicles did not change (P greater than .05). In contrast, progesterone in fluid of large follicles increased (P less than .05) 3.4-fold between d 7 and 14, but decreased (P less than .05) 55% between d 14 and 28. Concentrations of androstenedione in fluid of large follicles did not change (P greater than .10) from d 7 to 42 to 56. Concentrations of estradiol in fluid of large follicles remained constant between d 7 and 14, but increased (P less than .05) 4.2-fold between d 14 and 28. We conclude that during the postpartum anovulatory period, there is no change in steroidogenic capabilities of small or medium follicles, both of which predominantly produce progesterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1986

Effects of intermittent injections of LHRH on secretory patterns of LH and FSH and ovarian follicular growth during postpartum anovulation in suckled beef cows.

Changes in numbers of ovarian follicles and coincident secretion of pituitary gonadotropins were characterized in suckled, anovulatory beef cows injected iv with 500 ng of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) every 2 h for 48 or 96 h, starting 21.4 +/- .4 d after parturition. Two hours after the last injection, all cows were ovariectomized. Compared with saline-injected controls, LHRH had no effect on baseline or overall concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum (P greater than .10), but increased (P less than .05) frequency and decreased (P less than .05) amplitude of LH pulses. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone increased (P less than .05) baseline concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum and frequency of FSH pulses, but decreased (P less than .05) pulse amplitude. Overall concentrations of FSH increased 20% (P less than .10). Exogenous LHRH did not affect diameter of the two largest follicles or numbers of follicles 1.0 to 3.9 mm, 4.0 to 7.9 mm or greater than or equal to 8.0 mm in diameter. These data suggest that increasing the frequency of episodic LH and FSH pulses in postpartum cattle by intermittent administration of LHRH did not increase mean circulating levels of LH, or alter size and numbers of ovarian follicles within the 96-h period of injections. Thus, induction of ovulation in anovulatory cows treated with low-dose injections of LHRH cannot be explained on the basis of an increase in mean concentrations of LH or numbers of antral follicles within 96 h after initiation of injections.

Anestrus↗
PubMed1986

Effects of intermittent injections of LHRH on specific binding of 125I-labeled gonadotropins to granulosa and theca, and concentrations of steroids in serum and ovarian follicles during postpartum anovulation in suckled beef cows.

To examine ovarian follicular response to low-dose injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), 32 anovulatory, suckled beef cows were allotted to one of four treatment groups and injected with either saline or 500 ng LHRH every 2 h for 48 or 96 h, starting 21.4 +/- .4 d after parturition. Two hours after the last injection of LHRH, cows were ovariectomized and 10 to 15 ovarian follicles per pair of ovaries were removed and categorized by diameter as small (1.0 to 3.9 mm), medium (4.0 to 7.9 mm) or large (greater than or equal to 8.0 mm). Injections of LHRH did not affect (P greater than .10) steroid levels in small follicles or numbers of gonadotropin receptors in small and medium follicles. Concentrations of progesterone in fluid of medium follicles increased 1.5-fold (P less than .05) after 96 h of LHRH, whereas concentrations of estradiol and androstenedione were unchanged. In fluid of large follicles, concentrations of progesterone were fourfold greater (P less than .05) in LHRH-treated than in control cows at 48 h, but by 96 h progesterone was twofold greater (P less than .05) in control than LHRH-treated cows. In large follicles, concentrations of estradiol were unchanged (P greater than .10) after 48 h of LHRH injections but after 96 h estradiol was twofold greater (P less than .05) in LHRH-treated than control cows. Increased concentrations of estradiol in large follicles coincided with increased numbers of binding sites for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) but not follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in granulosa and theca.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endometrial carcinoma following chronic anovulation in a premenopausal woman with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed in a premenopausal woman suffering with systemic lupus erythematosus. She had received both prednisolone and an immunosuppressive agent for more than 10 years. Anovulatory cycles persisted during drug administration, along with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The serum estrogen: progesterone ratio was high. Repeated endometrial biopsies revealed a progression of change from benign proliferation to cystic hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma. These clinical data suggest that a result of long-term unopposed endogenous estrogen can have been the cause of the endometrial carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Pituitary gonadotropin responsiveness to repeated gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulations in patients with chronic anovulation.

To evaluate whether repeated gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulations were superior to single GnRH administrations for the accurate assessment of pituitary gonadotropin responsiveness, the GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) responses of 49 hyperandrogenic patients (HA) were compared with those of 20 hypogonadotropic patients (HH) and of 24 normally cycling women (N). Blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals during GnRH administrations (25 micrograms twice within 2 h). Unstimulated LH concentrations were higher (p less than 0.001) in HA than in N and HH women. However, basal FSH levels differed only in HA from HH women (p less than 0.001). Following either GnRH stimulation, increased (p less than 0.01) LH and FSH releases were noted in all N, HA and HH women. The GnRH-stimulated LH and FSH responses to either GnRH injections were highest (p less than 0.01) in HA and lowest (p less than 0.01 vs. N) in HH women. The net LH and FSH increases over unstimulated concentrations (delta LH or FSH) in response to either GnRH stimulation were highest (p less than 0.01 or less) in HA women. By contrast, no differences were determined in the delta LH and FSH levels between the first and second GnRH stimulations within each group. These observations document different unstimulated and stimulated gonadotropin concentrations in normal cycling and anovulatory women. Gonadotropin responses to single GnRH administrations differ for anovulatory patients. Since the gonadotropin responses to the second GnRH stimulation are comparable to those during the first GnRH injections, repeated GnRH stimulations may not help to distinguish the degree of pituitary responsiveness in ovulatory from anovulatory women.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ovarian function in chronic renal failure: evidence suggesting hypothalamic anovulation.

The pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction in uremia was evaluated in 24 patients by measurements of plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone basally and after clomiphene, ethinyl estradiol, and bromocriptine. In the 17 premenopausal women, levels of plasma estradiol, progesterone, and FSH were comparable to those found in normal women during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle; plasma luteinizing hormone was slightly elevated. In most patients, there was an absence of cyclicity. After clomiphene, plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, FSH, and estradiol rose; after ethinyl estradiol, plasma luteinizing hormone levels failed to increase. In seven postmenopausal patients, plasma estradiol was undetectable and gonadotropin levels were markedly elevated. Although plasma prolactin was generally elevated, suppression of prolactin with bromocriptine resulted in resumption of ovulation in only one patient; the other 2 remained amenorrheic. In uremic women, the continued secretion of estrogen, the rise of plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, FSH, and estradiol after clomiphene, and the elevated gonadotropin levels during menopause suggest that the negative estradiol feedback, the tonic gonadotropin secretion, and the pituitary ovarian axis were normal. The positive estradiol feedback associated with cyclic release of luteinizing hormone, however, was impaired as indicated by the prevalence of acyclicity and the failure of luteinizing hormone levels, to rise after ethinyl estradiol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Persistent anovulation following laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovarian surface in a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)].

We report on a 32-year-old woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) who showed no ovarian reaction (oestradiol increase, leading follicle) to clomiphene and gonadotropin stimulation before and after laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovarian surface (LEOS) although hormone values (LH-FSH ratio, androstenedione) after LEOS were within normal range. The case is discussed in terms of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of electro-acupuncture on anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to evaluate if electro-acupuncture (EA) could affect oligo-/anovulation and related endocrine and neuroendocrine parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Twenty-four women (between the ages of 24 and 40 years) with PCOS and oligo-/amenorrhea were included in this non-randomized, longitudinal, prospective study. The study period was defined as the period extending from 3 months before the first EA treatment, to 3 months after the last EA treatment (10-14 treatments), in total 8-9 months. The menstrual and ovulation patterns were confirmed by recording of vaginal bleedings and by daily registrations of the basal body temperature (BBT). Blood samples were collected within a week before the first EA, within a week after the last EA and 3 months after EA. RESULTS: Nine women (38%) experienced a good effect. They displayed a mean of 0.66 ovulations/woman and month in the period during and after the EA period compared to a mean of 0.15 before the EA period (p=0.004). Before EA, women with a good effect had a significantly lower body-mass index (BMI) (p<0.001), waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) (p=0.0058), serum testosterone concentration (p=0.0098), serum testosterone/sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) ratio (p=0.011) and serum basal insulin concentration (p=0.0054), and a significantly higher concentration of serum SHBG (p=0.040) than did those women with no effect. CONCLUSION: Repeated EA treatments induce regular ovulations in more than one third of the women with PCOS. The group of women with good effect had a less androgenic hormonal profile before treatment and a less pronounced metabolic disturbance compared with the group with no effect. For this selected group EA offers an alternative to pharmacological ovulation induction.

Adult↗