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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Neurosurgical complications of purulent meningitis in the tropical zone].

Our retrospective study concerned 35 cases of surgical complications related to bacterial meningitis in 16 adults and 19 children. The mean age was 28 years for adults (15-56 years), and 6 months for children (1-12 months). Portal of entry for meningitis was found in 12 cases (35%): 8 sinusitis and 4 otitis. Delay to appearance of complications was 4.5 days, and to diagnosis confirmation 9 days with CT scan (17 cases), and transfontanellar ultrasonography (19 cases). The complications were: hydrocephalus, 19 cases (54%), brain empyemas, 7 cases (20%), abscesses, 10 cases (28.5%), ventriculitis, 2 cases (6%). Twenty-two bacteria were isolated from the CSF: Streptococcus pneumoniae (15 cases), Haemophilus influenzae (5 cases), Neisseria meningitidis (1 case), and Escherichia coli (1 case). Fourteen patients underwent neurosurgical treatment based on aspiration in case of suppuration and external drainage in case of hydrocephalus. The associated medical treatment was antibiotics combining third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolone, and metronidazol, with a mean duration of 12 days. Recovery rate was 89%, letality 11%, and after effect rate were 33%. Our results confirm the low frequency of neurosurgical complications related to bacterial meningitis, but it emphasizes the role of an early CT-scan for diagnosis and prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Indoor air pollution in a zone of extreme poverty of La Pintana, Santiago-Chile].

BACKGROUND: Indoor pollution can be an important risk factor for human health, considering that people spend more than 60% of their time in their houses. AIM: To investigate indoor pollution in a zone of extreme poverty in Metropolitan Santiago. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During 24 h, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), respirable particulate matter (PM10), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons absorbed in PM5, temperature and humidity, were measured in the interior of 24 houses in a La Pintana, Santiago. RESULTS: The higher pollutant concentrations were observed during hours when heating was used, in houses that used coal (mean PM10 250 micrograms/m3, CO 42 ppm, SO2 192 pph) or firewood (mean PM10 489 micrograms/m3, CO 57 ppm, SO2 295 pph). In all houses, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected and they came from the interior of the house and not from external filtered air. Coal, firewood and cigarette smoke were important sources of carcinogenic and kerosene and gas were sources of non carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CONCLUSIONS: In the houses studied, the population was exposed to an accumulation of highly toxic pollutants, caused by a lack of ventilation. A high relative humidity also contributed to the growth of biological pollutants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effects of ethanol on human visual evoked potentials.

Studies of the effect of ethanol on human visual evoked potentials are rare and usually involve chronic alcoholic patients. The effect of acute ethanol ingestion has seldom been investigated. We have studied the effect of acute alcoholic poisoning on pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PR-VEP) and flash light visual evoked potentials (F-VEP) in 20 normal volunteers. We observed different effects with ethanol: statistically significant prolonged latencies of F-VEP after ingestion, and no significant differences in the latencies of the PR-VEP components. We hypothesize a selective ethanol effect on the afferent transmission of rods, mainly dependent on GABA and glutamatergic neurotransmission, influencing F-VEP latencies, and no effect on cone afferent transmission, as alcohol doesn't influence PR-VEP latencies.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Inquiry of knowledge, attitudes and practice of accidental acute poisoning in children of Yopougon (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire].

Child poisoning represent a public health problem in Africa and their particularities are linked to the way of life the population. We have made in the course of March 1999 an inquiry on 55 mothers at Yopougon in Abidjan. This inquiry was focused on their knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation acute poisoning children. The results of this inquiry will serve to organize a sanitary education for parents on the behaviour to have in case of an accident.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

[Family planning among teenage mothers in a Cameroonian centre].

This study was carried out in Yaounde (Cameroon) in 1995 to determine the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of teenage mothers towards family planning. The study was based on a questionnaire administered at household level drawn from previously determined clusters. It was accomplished by recruiting 462 teenage mothers with ages ranging from 14 to 19 years and who had 1 to 3 children. On the whole, 93.9% had heard of family planning, 72.5% had heard of family planning centres, but only 43% had been to one of these centres at least once. With regards to contraceptive prevalence, 62.1% affirmed the use of a contraceptive method at the time of the study with periodic abstinence being the most widely used (35.9%). Besides the common methods, some teenage mothers made use of herbal concoctions and vaginal douching, sometimes with permanganate or the taking of tablets. Nineteen per cent of respondents had had between one and four episodes of induced abortion. According to these teenagers, the ideal average age for first delivery is 19.7 +/- 2.5 years, whereas that of nubility is 22.8 +/- 3.3 years, a difference of 3 years. This suggests that on the whole, teenage mothers believe that first delivery must precede marriage.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2003

[Sub-cutaneous location of Burkitt's lymphoma. Apropos of 1 case at Yopougon Central University Hospital, Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)].

Burkitt Lymphoma is the most frequent lymphoma of childhood in West Africa. The main localisations are facial and abdominal. In this study, the authors describe the case of a sub-cutaneous localisation of a Burkitt to a seven years old boy. He was admitted at the hospital because of an abdominal tumefaction. Nowadays such a case has seldom been published. After using cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and aracytine, all the tumefactions disappeared. This case was interesting because of the exceptional localisation of the lymphoma, which may induce a wrong diagnosis.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of antibiotics on elevated serum prostate specific antigen in patients with urinary symptoms and negative digital rectal examination: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: 65-70% of patients with abnormal prostate specific antigen (PSA) do not have cancer on prostate needle biopsy. Prostate biopsy is a potentially morbid procedure. Prostatitis is commonly reported on needle biopsies. To cut down on the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies we evaluated the effect of antibiotic on PSA level in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), normal digital rectal examination (DRE), normal urinalysis and elevated PSA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 48 selected patients with LUTS, normal DRE, normal urinalysis and elevated PSA (range 5.0-28.5 ng/ml), that usually will undergo prostate biopsy, received 2 weeks of Ciprofloxacin. An alpha-blocker was added if the patient was bothered. PSA was repeated and prostate biopsy was performed if PSA did not drop. RESULTS: 25/48 patients (52%) dropped their PSA (median of 42% drop), with 80% improvement in LUTS, were not biopsied. 23/48 patients (48%) did not drop their PSA, with 65% improvement in LUTS, were biopsied. 9/23 patients (39%) had prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: Almost 50% of patients with LUTS, normal DRE and elevated PSA will drop their PSA following 2 weeks of Ciprofloxacin thus by avoiding prostate biopsy. This needs to be done in a very strict manner with careful follow-up of those patients dropping their PSA especially not to normal levels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis following intravesical BCG for superficial bladder cancer.

A seventy-two-year-old man with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder received intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) following which he developed left testicular pain and swelling that partially resolved with conservative treatment. Six months later a second course of BCG was given for recurrent disease. Ten months later, he developed left testicular swelling and severe induration along with a draining scrotal sinus. Tuberculous orchitis was suspected and a left orchiectomy was performed. Pathology showed caseating granulomatous orchitis and epididymitis with numerous acid fast bacilli on Ziehl-Neelson stain. The patient received a six-month course of antituberculous therapy. This case highlights a rare but serious complication of intravesical BCG.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2003

[Misunderstood neurological side effects of amodiaquine: apropos of 35 cases in children at Central University Hospital of Yopougon at Abidjan, Côte d' Ivoire].

The case reports about the neurological sides effects of amodiaquine are scare, and just a few of them concerned the children. But more and more, amodiaquine is prescribed because of the resistance of Plasmodium in front of chloroquine. And, in the endemic area of malaria, there are more and more neurological side effects with amodiaquine among the children. From a retrospective study, from January 1998 to June 2000, the authors described 35 case reports of children aged from 5 months to 15 years who presented neurological side effects after taking amodiaquine in endemic malarial area. The aim of this study is, first to inform the pediatricians in our area about these side effects, as they are not mentioned in therapeutic guides. Second, it shows that it is not exceptional in the endemic area of malaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Analysis of the diagnostic criteria used in childhood tuberculosis in a Cote d'Ivoire hospital].

Based on a retrospective study the authors analyzed the diagnostic criteria used in pediatric department in Yopougon CHU (teaching hospital), from January 1996 to December 2002. Fifty children, aged of 1 month to 15 years, have been studied. The tuberculosis contact was found in 18%. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was accurate in 32% and it was based on presumptive arguments in 68%. The pulmonary examination and pulmonary radiographs seem to be good criteria for the tuberculosis diagnosis. The pulmonary examination found an abnormality in 96%, and the radiographs found a pathological picture in 85% of cases. The skin test was positive in 42%. The Ziehl-Neelsen coloration was used to look for the acid-fast bacilli and it was positive in 41%. But the two last examinations were not reliable in the case of HIV infection. The skin test which is very important for the diagnosis of tuberculosis is often negative among HIV infected children because of their anergy. On the other hand, the Ziehl-Neelsen coloration is based on the recognition of the acid-fast bacillus, which is not specific of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In our area the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is high, the atypical pneumonia with Mycobacterium were also frequent and may reveal a wrong positive diagnosis for the tuberculosis diagnosis, as they are also acid-fast bacillus.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2006

Microtensile bond strengths of composite to dentin treated with desensitizer products.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to analyze the influence of desensitizing procedures on dentin bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty bovine incisors were used, divided into four groups (n = 10): G1: control; G2: Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer); G3: Oxa-Gel (Art-Dent); G4: low-intensity laser (MMOptics). The buccal surface was wet ground flat with 180-, 400- and 600-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper to expose midcoronal dentin and create a uniform surface. After the application of the desensitizing agents to the exposed dentin, the specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 30 s, and an adhesive (Single Bond) was applied and light cured. A 4-mm high crown of composite resin (Filtek Z250) was then built up. Specimens were trimmed to an hourglass shape with cross sections of 1 mm2. Each specimen was individually fractured by a microtensile testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data, recorded in MPa, were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and the Duncan test (p = 0.05). RESULTS: Specimens treated with dentin desensitizers (except Gluma) yielded significantly lower mean bond strengths than nontreated control specimens. The mean values in MPa (+/- SD) were: G1: 13.4 (6.2); G2: 13.2 (4.8); G3: 7.15 (4.3); G4: 7.21 (4.6). CONCLUSIONS: Among the desensitizing agents studied, only Gluma Desensitizer did not detrimentally influence the bond strength values. It is a useful material for dentin desensitization.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2006

Changes in membrane cholesterol of pituitary tumor (GH3) cells regulate the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels.

The effects of changes in membrane cholesterol on ion currents were investigated in pituitary GH3 cells. Depletion of membrane cholesterol by exposing cells to methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD), an oligosaccharide, resulted in an increase in the density of Ca2+-activated K+ current (IK(Ca)). However, no significant change in IK(Ca) density was demonstrated in GH3 cells treated with a mixture of MbetaCD and cholesterol. Cholesterol depletion with MbetaCD (1.5 mg/ml) slightly suppressed the density of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current. In inside-out patches recorded from MbetaCD-treated cells, the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK(Ca)) channels was enhanced with no change in single-channel conductance. In MbetaCD-treated cells, voltage-sensitivity of BK(Ca) channels was increased; however, no change in Ca2+-sensitivity could be demonstrated. A negative correlation between adjacent closed and open times in BK(Ca) channels was observed in MbetaCD-treated cells. In inside-out patches from MbetaCD-treated cells, dexamethasone (30 microM) applied to the intracellular surface did not increase BK(Ca)-channel activity, although caffeic acid phenethyl ester and cilostazol still opened its probability effectively. However, no modification in the activity of ATP-sensitive K+ channels could be seen in MbetaCD-treated cells. Current-clamp recordings demonstrated that the cholesterol depletion maneuver with MbetaCD reduced the firing of action potentials. Therefore, the increase in BK(Ca)-channel activity induced by membrane depletion may influence the functional activities of neurons or neuroendocrine cells if similar results occur in vivo.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A single continuous suture as a possible alternative to the interrupted suture for tubal anastomosis.

A simple alternative for microsurgical anastomosis of the fallopian tube is presented. The anastomosis is composed of a single continuous suture (8-0 nylon) extending through the serosa and muscularis, avoiding the mucosa. Experimentally this technique was performed on the uterine horns of 30 female rats and compared with the conventional interrupted suture technique on 30 additional female rats. Patency was established histologically in 100% of operated horns in both groups, with an average nidation index of 0.7 in the study group as compared with 0.6 in the conventional technique group. The results indicate that this simple method of anastomosis, which reduces operative time significantly, does not affect patency or nidation index in this model as compared with the conventional interrupted suture technique. It may, therefore, be a suitable procedure for anastomosis of equal-sized segments of the fallopian tubes, especially in cases of reversal of sterilization.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗