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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Arguing by analogy in the fetal tissue debate.

In the debate over fetal tissue use, an analogy is often drawn between removing organs from the body of a person who has been murdered to use for transplantation, and collecting tissue from an aborted fetus to use for the same purpose. The murder victim analogy is taken by its proponents to show that even if abortion is the moral equivalent of murder, there is still no good reason to refrain from using the fetal tissue, since as a society we do not see any problem about using organs from murder victims. However, I argue that the analogy between murder victims and aborted fetuses does not hold -- the two situations are not the same in all morally relevant respects. Thus the murder victim analogy does not provide an argument in favour of fetal tissue transplant. In conclusion, I point to some of the potential pitfalls of using analogies in ethical argument.

Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed1988

Histopathologic findings in Brucella abortus-infected, pregnant goats.

Twenty-eight pregnant goats in midgestation were exposed to a bovine pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus to determine the histologic changes associated with infection. Does were necropsied 0 to 7 days or 4 to 6 weeks after delivery of aborted, stillborn, or live, full-term fetuses. Aborted and stillborn fetuses were necropsied within 16 hours of delivery. Selected, paired tissue specimens were collected for histologic and bacteriologic examination. An avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunostaining procedure was used to detect Brucella antigen in tissue section. Histologic changes were evident in specimens from infected does and aborted fetuses. Postpartum does had endometritis, lymphoid hyperplasia in lymph nodes and spleen, and lymphocytic mastitis. The most prominent finding in aborted fetuses was an interstitial pneumonia. Lesions in does and fetuses were similar to those described in Brucella-infected cows and fetuses; however, lesions were less consistently observed in goat fetuses than has been observed in bovine fetuses. Brucella antigen was detected by immunoperoxidase staining within the cytoplasm of placental chorioallantoic trophoblastic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and uterine epithelial cells. Also, stained brucellae were free in placental and fetal vascular lumens and in the interstitium of autolyzed fetal tissues.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1987

[Pathomorphological research on chlamydial abortion in sheep].

Serologic and morphologic studies were carried out with ewes and aborted fetuses, respectively, with regard to the Chlamydial infection in the flocks of some farms. The complement-fixation test was employed to examine a total of 656 blood serum samples. It was found that 20.2 per cent of these contained Chlamydial antibodies. Abortions were established with 6 to 8 per cent of the sheep in each flock. Material was sampled from 35 aborted fetuses. Featuring in the gross lesions of the fetal placenta in Chlamydial abortions were the wheat-bran type of whitish coatings on the surface. Characteristic histologic findings were desquamation, necroses, lympho-leukocytic infiltrations, and the partial deposits of calcium salts. Definite diagnostic value with the aborted fetuses were shown to have the lympho-histiocytic proliferations in the liver, adrenal glands, kidneys, lungs as well as the reticuloendothelial hyperplasia with the presence of gigantic cells of Langhans type in the mesenterial lymph nodes.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1993

Contribution to some phenotypical characteristics of Vibrio cincinnatiensis. Studies in one strain of a diarrhoeic human patient and in two isolates from aborted bovine fetuses.

Until now, only a few strains of V. cincinnatiensis have been isolated. This study describes a further three isolates which originated in one case from a stool specimen of an immunocompromised elder patient suffering from enteritis and in two cases from the rennin stomachs of aborted bovine fetuses. These strains grew on TCBS, CIN, MacConkey and XLD plates. Their biochemical activities were dependent on NaCl concentration, in particular the formation of indole, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, arginine dihydrolase, the reduction of nitrate and behaviour in the Voges-Proskauer test. Moreover, lysine decarboxylase and nitrate reductase were temperature-dependent. The knowledge of these hitherto unknown phenotypical characteristics may facilitate the diagnosis of the pathogen.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1984

[Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from an aborted bovine fetus].

One strain of Chl. psittaci was isolated from two aborted foetuses of two cows coming from the same locality. Tissue from the lungs of the aborted foetuses was used for the isolation tests; after sample preparation this tissue was inoculated into the yolk sacs of chick embryos. It was found on the basis of serological examination (RVK) that both aborting cows had positive levels of antibodies against the Chl. psittaci antigen at a serum dilution ratio of 1 : 64. The serological examination for brucellosis (BAB) and coxiellosis was negative. The bacteriological examination (aerobic and anaerobic cultivation, salmonellae, mycoplasms and moulds) also gave negative results.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1993

Comparative epidemiology of Down syndrome in two United States population, 1970-1989.

This study compared the epidemiology of Down syndrome over a 20-year period, 1970-1989, in two populations in which livebirths with Down syndrome were believed to be highly ascertained. One population was a 10-county region in southwest Ohio; the second was a five-county region in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The major objectives were to 1) compare observed incidences of Down syndrome over the entire study period; 2) calculate expected incidences of Down syndrome for each population and compare these with observed incidences; 3) determine incidence trends throughout the period; and 4) examine the impact of prenatal diagnosis on the observed incidence of Down syndrome in each population. Excluding aborted fetuses with Down syndrome diagnosed prenatally, the observed incidence of Down syndrome, 0.98, was significantly lower than that expected, 1.27, within the Atlanta white data set. Once the observed data were adjusted to include aborted fetuses with Down syndrome (total incidence = 1.17), no statistically significant differences remained. No differences were found between observed and expected incidences of Down syndrome for whites in southwest Ohio or for other races in either population. Although uncorrected observed incidences were significantly different between the two populations of whites for the entire 20-year period, the differences again disappeared after the data were corrected to include aborted fetuses. No significant effect of prenatal diagnosis on those of other races was found in either population. Expected Down syndrome incidences rose from the late 1970s throughout the 1980s for both racial groups in Ohio and Atlanta, Georgia; however, because the termination of fetuses with Down syndrome increased over the decade, the observed incidence among whites in southwest Ohio remained at earlier levels and actually fell among whites in Atlanta. These results indicate the increasing importance of prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion in the epidemiology of Down syndrome and of correcting for it when comparing incidences between populations, even within the same time period. These data from 2 decades show that differences in both observed and expected incidences of Down syndrome exist between both populations and races, principally because of differences in demographic age structure and maternal age fertility rates and because of differential use of prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2004

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 abortions detected by a semi-nested PCR in Brazilian cattle herds.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) was investigated by a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (SN-PCR) and by MDBK cell culture virus isolation in organ fragments from 55 aborted fetuses collected from beef and dairy cattle herds with history of reproductive problems in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. A 425 bp amplicon of the BHV-1 glycoprotein D gene was detected in 14 (25.4%) aborted fetuses. BHV-1 was isolated in MDBK cells from the tissue of 5 (9.1%) fetuses. The specificity of positive results was evaluated by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) with Bgl I restriction of DNA amplified by SN-PCR, and by virus-neutralization and immunofluorescence with rabbit anti-BHV-1 polyclonal antibodies for virus isolated in cell culture. The results of this work demonstrate the importance of using other diagnostic techniques, like SN-PCR, for BHV-1 detection in organ fragments from aborted fetuses and the high frequency of this virus in reproductive failures in Brazilian cattle herds.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1980

Placental lesions caused by pseudorabies virus in pregnant sows.

Pathologic and viral investigations were done on 13 fetal placentas and 23 aborted fetuses associated with naturally occurring pseudorabies in swine. Of the 13 fetal placentas examined, 7 (53.8%) had various degrees of necrotizing placentitis. The lesions were characterized by coagulative necrosis of the chorionic fossae and by intranuclear inclusions in degenerating trophoblasts and occasionally in mesenchymal cells. In addition, a mild inflammatory cell reaction was observed in the mesenchyma. Numerous viral particles, ultrastructurally indistinguishable from herpesvirus, were observed by electron microscopy in the affected chorionic membrane. Large aggregates of herpesvirus virions were demonstrated in the nucleus and cytoplasm of degenerated trophoblasts and mesenchymal cells. Of the 23 aborted fetuses examined, 22 (95.6%) had typical coagulative necrosis in the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and visceral lymph nodes. Inclusions similar to those in the chorionic placenta were observed in the parenchymal cells of those organs, on the margins of necrotic areas. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from various organs of the aborted fetuses, but virus isolation from the placentas was not attempted. In a survey of 52 affected sows, sera from 49 (94.2%) neutralized the isolated virus. The findings indicated that the placental lesions caused by the virus were primary. The study also indicated the merit of routine examination of aborted fetal placentas and fetuses for diagnosis of pseudorabies.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Isolation of adenovirus type 1 from aborted cattle fetuses].

Five adenoviral strains, typed as adenovirus type 1, were isolated from aborted cattle foetuses, taken from farms with abortions in cows. The viruses were isolated from kidneys, lungs and livers of the foetuses. They were isolated from the kidney most frequenty (three strains). Intranuclear basophilic inclusions in the alveolar epithelium of the lungs and in the tubular epithelium of the kidneys have been established in the histological investigations of the internal organs of the foetuses. The isolation of adenoviruses from foetuses has been discussed as an infectious process, emerging as a result of a transplacental infection.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1981

Prenatal diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Assay of the beta-glucosidase activity in amniotic fluid cells cultivated in two laboratories with different cultivation conditions.

Sixteen pregnancies at risk for Gaucher disease -- six with the Norrbottnian form, one with a juvenile form with a similar clinical course to the patients from Norrbotten and nine with the infantile from -- have been monitored by the assay of beta-glucosidase activity in cultivated amniotic fluid cells with natural labelled glycosylceramide as substrate. Two methods of cultivation were compared in respect of their effect on the activity of lysosomal enzymes. No significant difference was found between the two marker enzymes, beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, but the beta-glucosidase activity was significantly higher in the cells cultivated with one of the methods. In four of the pregnancies at risk, the beta-glucosidase activity in the cultivated amniotic fluid cells was less than 5% of that in the two control materials. These fetuses were regarded as affected with Gaucher disease and were aborted. Differentiation between controls and Gaucher heterozygotes was not possible in cultivated amniotic fluid cells. The diagnosis of Gaucher disease in the amniotic fluid cells was confirmed in three of the four cases by the assay of the beta-glucosidase activity in the liver nd brain of the aborted fetuses. The glucosylceramide content of the liver from two aborted fetuses was not augmented. The beta-glucosidase activity was examined in seven placentas from pregnancies at risk for Gaucher disease and found to be in agreement with that in the cultivated amniotic fluid cells.

Amniotic Fluid↗