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PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital ocular anomalies in Pondicherry.

Congenital anomalies of the eye and ocular adnexa occurring in Pondicherry have been described. Anophthalmos, microphthalmos, limbal dermoids, nervus of Ota, anterior lenticonus, buphthalmos, and congenital cataract are very common. Onset of cataract in young individuals was caused by abnormal aminoaciduria. Hereditary factors played a part in 59 percent of the cases who would have become blind if they were not treated. Consanguinity is a major factor in their pathogenesis. Avitaminosis A and systemic infections which are common here may be playing a significant role in their etiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Ocular lesions induced by saccharin and its pollutants in the rat fetus].

The authors analyze and compare the teratogenic effects produced on the embryo eyes of rats by Maumee saccharin, by non purified Remsem saccharin and several pollutants. The study has been made on 2708 embryos of rats whose mothers have received per os several pollutants at several rates; 16 diets have been studied. The histological lesions are described: the cataract, the retinal coloboma, the major microphthalmos, the anophthalmos, the presence of aberrant nervous fibers, the anarchic globes. The authors describe the retinal eversion phenomenon in the retinal coloboma as well as its repercussion on the ocular malformations (retinal dysplasia and colobomatous cyst of the orbit). The presence of aberrant nervous fibers inside the retinal coloboma could explain the cases of double papilla, which were observed in clinic. The major microphthalmia are frequent. The serious anophthalmia are explained by an early perturbation of the embryogenesis. The anarchic globes could be interpreted as a form of congenital cystic eye. Under the different pollutants of the saccharin, four of them are more toxic: it is the ortho-sulfobenzoic acid, the para-sulfobenzoic acid, the para-sulfamolybenzoic acid, the para-toluenesulfonamide which communicate the Remsen saccharin its teratogenic effect. On the other hand, the ortho-toluene sulfonamide is without any teratogenic effect. The authors conclude on the necessity of a large purity of the commercial saccharin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Severe microphthalmus with Patau's syndrome (author's transl)].

The authors describe a new-born child with Patau's syndrome in which D-trisomy was zytogenetically proved. The interest in this case is justified by the fact that an anophthalmos was suspected on clinical examination, but the histological examination showed a severe grade of bulb hypoplasia. The authors stress the significance of chromosome examination in cases of multiple congenital deformities associated with eye changes.

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
PubMed1995

[In utero study of the eye of normal fetuses. Static ultrasonographic aspects and clinical implications].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Some ocular diseases are detected by amniotic fluid analysis. However, some serious eye malformations are only detected at birth. By analogy to other organs, we were concerned by fetal sonography studying in utero ocular structures. METHODS: We performed 150 fetal sonograph with 2 abdominal probes and one vaginal probe. We defined: (a) Axes where ocular structures are best visualised, (b) sonographic images of these structures, (c) the date at which these structures are detected. RESULTS: Orbit are detected between 11th and 12th week amenorrhae. Lens are detected between 12th and 14th week. Hyaloid artery appears around the 18th and disappears around the 32nd. Lids were recognised at 16th week. These results were confirmed by similar studies. Pathologic cases described in the literature are discussed. CONCLUSION: Fetal sonography must include a precise study of the eye. However, the eye is a small organ, so its study implicates technically skilled and an experienced practitioner. Fetal sonography gives precise information about normal eye development and allows the detection of structural anomalies (anophthalmos, microphthalmos, cyclopia) or orbital prenatal malformations (hyaloid artery persistance).

Biometry↗
PubMed1997

[Developmental eye abnormalities in mouse fetuses induced by retinoic acid].

To clarify the relationship between neural crest cells and ocular anomalies, pregnant mice were treated intraperitoneally with 12.5 mg/kg retinoic acid suspended in corn oil on day 7 of pregnancy (RA group). Control mice were given an equal volume of corn oil (control group). Each group consisted of 5 mother mice, and the offsprings were removed on day 18 of gestation. The fetal mortality was 46.3% in the RA group and 2.2% in the control group. Twenty-two live fetuses of the RA group and 45 of the control group were grossly observed, and the eyes were examined histologically. In the RA group, gross malformations such as microphthalmos (95.5%), cleft lip and palate (36.4%), and central nervous system anomalies (31.8%) were observed, and in the control group, malformations such as microphthalmos (6.7%), central nervous system anomalies (2.2%), and low set ears (2.2%) were seen. Histological examination revealed microphthalmos (47.7%), anophthalmos (38.6%), faulty closure of the embryonic fissure (36.4%), developmental abnormalities of the vitreous (34.1%), aphakia (22.7%), goniodysgenesis (18.2%), and faulty separation of the lens vesicle (15.9%) in the RA group. These anomalies arose from abnormal neural crest cell migration induced by retinoic acid. They were detected in only 3.3, 1.1, 3.3, 8.9, 1.1, 2.2 and 2.2%, respectively of the control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Critical time for developmental eye abnormalities induced by retinoic acid in mouse fetuses].

To identify the critical time for developmental eye abnormalities, pregnant C 57 BL/6 NJcl mice were injected intraperitoneally once with 12.5 mg/kg of retinoic acid on days 7 (day-7 group), 8 (day-8 group), 9 (day-9 group), 10 (day-10 group), and 11 (day-11 group) of pregnancy. Each group consisted of 5 pregnant mice. The fetuses were observed grossly on day 18 of gestation, and the eyes were examined histologically in serial sections. Various gross malformations such as microphthalmos, cleft lip and palate, and central nervous system anomalies were observed in the day-7 group. However, microphthalmos was the only gross malformation found in the day-8 group, and there were no gross malformations in the other 3 groups. The histological examination indicated that the critical time for anophthalmos was day 7 of gestation or earlier because of its appearance in the day-7 group alone. The critical time for microphthalmos, faulty closure of the embryonic fissure, aphakia, and faulty separation of the lens vesicle was day 8 of gestation or earlier considering their occurrence in both day 7 and day 8 groups, and the time for goniodysgenesis was day 9 of gestation or earlier because of its appearance in the day 7, day 8, and day 9 groups.

Animals↗