Anaplasmosis in a newborn calf.
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An optical immunosensor based in major surface protein 5 (MSP5) of Anaplasma marginale was developed towards detection of anti-Anaplasma sp. antibodies in acute infection as well as in vaccinated cattle. This study was performed using recombinant MSP5 covalently immobilised in controlled pore glass (CPG) beads to detect anti-MSP5 antibodies in serum samples. The quantification is based on the measurement of the Cy5 fluorescence of the detection antibody, anti bovine IgG, after reaction with serum. Sera were collected in enzootic and tick-free regions of Argentina. The immunosensor showed a detection range of 1.2 g/ml to 48 g/ml of antibody in sera, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 70%. The optical immunosensor developed is suitable for quantification of antibodies in sera of naturally or experimentally infected animals.
The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum during the period of tick activity and to compare the risk of infection for forestry workers and indoor workers in Slovenia.
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Anaplasma marginale was experimentally transmitted from cattle to elk to cattle. Six intact adult elk (Cervus canadensis canadensis) inoculated with freshly collected heparinized blood from cattle chronically infected with A. marginale became asymptomatic carriers. Although the elk did not develop clinical or hematologic evidence of infection, they became seropositive by the serum(SRCA) and plasma rapid card agglutination (PRCA) tests. Blood from the experimentally-infected elk produced disease in splenectomized bovine calves and the carrier state persisted for at least one year. Infection did not occur when two elk were inoculated with 0.5 ml of frozen blood from known bovine carriers. The blood had been frozen for four weeks in liquid nitrogen with 6% dimethyl-sulfoxide. The bovine SRCA and PRCA tests were adapted for use with elk serum. To obtain accurate test results, serum collected from clotted elk blood had to be held for at least 72 h at 21-27 C before performance of the SRCA test. Comparative serologic and infectivity studies indicated that the carrier (reactor) status of elk was accurately identified with the serologic tests in 61 of 68 samples evaluated. Incorrect serologic results with the SRCA and PRCA tests were false-negative readings. In no case were uninfected elk identified as seropositive.
Blood collected 314 and 496 days after experimentally infecting splenectomized and spleen-intact American bison (Bison bison) with Anaplasma marginale was infective for splenectomized bovine steers. The pathogenesis was identical to that seen in bovine studies using bovine blood inoculations. A splenectomized bison remained normal clinically, hematologically and serologically for 10 mo after repeated inoculation of ovine blood infected with A. ovis.
An experimental Anaplasma marginale infection was induced in a splenectomized mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) which persisted subclinically at least 376 days as detected by subinoculation into susceptible cattle. Anaplasma ovis was experimentally transmitted from sheep to a splenectomized and a spleen-intact mule deer, and back to sheep. The pathogenesis in deer was very similar to that seen in sheep using ovine blood inoculations.
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