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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Studies of nondefective adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. II. Relationship of adenovirus 2 deoxyribonucleic acid and simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid in the Ad2+ND genome.

A nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid virus, Ad2(+)ND(1), has been plaque-isolated from an Ad2-SV40 hybrid population. This virus, unlike the defective Ad-SV40 hybrid populations previously described, replicates without the aid of nonhybrid adenovirus helper. Consequently, the hybrid virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be obtained free of nonhybrid adenovirus DNA. The DNA of the Ad2(+)ND(1) virus was shown by ribonucleic acid (RNA)-DNA hybridization to consist of nucleotide sequences complementary to Ad2- and SV40-specific RNA. Techniques of equilibrium density and rate zonal centrifugation were employed to demonstrate that these Ad2 and SV40 nucleotide sequences were linked together in the same DNA molecules by alkali-resistant bonds. Calibration curves were established relating the amount of tritium-labeled SV40-specific RNA (prepared in vitro or in vivo) bound to given amounts of SV40 DNA in a hybridization reaction, and these curves were employed to determine the equivalent amount of SV40 DNA in the Ad2(+)ND(1) molecule. From the results obtained, it was estimated that 1% of the Ad2(+)ND(1) DNA consists of SV40 nucleotide sequences.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2006

Adenovirus fulminant hepatic failure: disseminated adenovirus disease after unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Adenovirus is one of the major causes of non-relapse morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancy. Fulminant hepatic failure is a rare manifestation of post-transplant complication with adenovirus. Extremely high mortality and aggressiveness of the clinical course have been posing clinical challenges for the diagnosis as well as for the treatment. Here, we report a case with disseminated adenovirus disease presenting with fulminant hepatic failure after bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenovirus-mediated thymidine kinase gene therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer: expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor and integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5.

OBJECTIVE: Ten patients with recurrent ovarian cancer received a combined treatment of optimal tumor debulking, adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene therapy (GT), and systemic application of acyclovir or valacyclovir and topotecan. Biopsies were taken at the time of secondary debulking about 1 month after the application of GT and chemotherapy and were analyzed for expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 with respect to treatment response. METHODS: Treatment modalities and study design have been described recently. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize expression of CAR and integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 in tumor samples taken before and after application of GT. RESULTS: Before GT six of ten patients presented with CAR-positive and four with CAR-negative tumors. After GT all tumors showed CAR expression. Integrin alphavbeta3 was found in all tumors before and after GT. Expression of integrin alphavbeta5 was seen in eight of ten tumor samples before GT and in all samples after GT. CONCLUSION: Despite the importance of CAR and integrin expression for successful adenovirus internalization, other cell surface receptors might be involved in this process. It is too early to decide whether expressions of CAR and integrin alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 on tumor cells are appropriate additional inclusion criteria for the enrollment of patients in GT trials. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effect of GT plus chemotherapy on CAR and integrin expression.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and identification of a bovine adenovirus type 3 with an adenovirus-associated virus.

A bovine adenovirus with agglutinating activity was isolated from feedlot calves and classified as serotype 3. The agglutinating activity was shown to be the property of an adenovirus-associated virus (AAV). The AAV was isolated from the bovine adenovirus by isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl; the AAV had a density of 1.4 g/cm2. This AAV is serologically related to bovine AAV-TR-15, but is distinct from bovine parvovirus-1 and primate AAV types 1 to 4, using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and hemagglutination-inhibition.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

Isolation and characterization of an adenovirus and isolation of its adenovirus-associated virus in cell culture from foals with respiratory tract disease.

An adenovirus was isolated from a foal with respiratory tract disease. The virus produced cytopathic effects (CPE) in equine embryo kidney (EEK) cell culture, contained deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), was resistant to chloroform and pH 3, and was moderately resistant to heat. The virus caused hemagglutination of human (type O) erythrocytes. Viral density was 1.34 g/cm,3 and diameter was 75 nm. An adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) isolated from the infected cell culture was 22 nm in diameter. These viruses are classified as equine adenovirus and equine AAV.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1988

Bovine adenoviruses. VI. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to bovine adenovirus types belonging to subgroups I and II.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies against the officially recognized bovine adenoviruses (BAV). Soluble antigens of adenoviruses were extracted from bovine kidney (BAV-1 and BAV-3) or bovine testicle (BAV-4, -6, and -7) cell cultures, respectively. Presence of the major hexon antigen, known to be the most essential compound for serological cross-reactivity, was demonstrated on a discontinuous sodium-dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The relatively crude polypeptide preparations were coated onto microelisa plates and tested for specific reactivity with available type-specific antisera of calves. Plates coated with BAV-1 showed reactivity with antibodies against types 1 and 3, but did not react with hyperimmune serum against BAV-4. Soluble antigens of BAV-4 react to a high extent with homologous antiserum but did not cross-react with a hyperimmune serum against BAV-1. Both these hyperimmune sera had been prepared in colostrum-free calves. Several calf sera produced by cooperating researches in colostrum-free calves were tested for homologous and cross-reactivity. In addition, ELISA plates coated with BAV-4 were tested on 33 sera of conventionally reared calves, earlier infected experimentally with homologous BAV-4. ELISA titres correlated well in 28 of them with seroneutralization titres; in 5 other sera correlation was poor, but in no case to a degree which would have resulted in a dissenting diagnosis. The use of BAV types 1 and 4 as representatives of bovine adenovirus subgroup I and II will allow easy and economical surveillance of these frequently occurring antibodies in diagnostic laboratories.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1982

Isolation of an adenovirus antigenically distinct from equine adenovirus type 1 from diarrheic foal feces.

Adenovirus was isolated in equine fetal kidney cell cultures from the feces of 2 foals with diarrhea that also had large numbers (greater than 10(6)/g) of rotavirus particles in their feces. Unlike equine adenovirus type 1 (EAdV1), the fecal EAdV did not hemagglutinate human O, rhesus macaque, or equine RBC. By serum neutralization, the fecal viruses were identical with each other, but showed no relationship to EAdV1. Antiserum prepared against the fecal viruses did not contain hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to EAdV1. It is proposed that the fecal viruses be considered prototypic of EAdV2. The frequency of neutralizing antibody to EAdV2 in 339 equine serum samples was 77%. Neither EAdV1 nor EAdV2 is related by serum neutralization to any of 30 human adenovirus serotypes.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1978

Isolation of bovine adenovirus type 1 without an adenovirus-associated virus.

This report describes the isolation and identification of a strain of bovine adenovirus type 1 from a cow in a herd that had undergone an episode of diarrhea and abortions. This strain of bovine adenovirus type 1 did not agglutinate either guinea pig or human 0 erythrocytes, and no 20-nm virus particles were evident by electron microscopy, further indicating that it was not contaminated by adenovirus-associated virus.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2004

A two decade survey of respiratory adenovirus in Taiwan: the reemergence of adenovirus types 7 and 4.

From November 1999 to December 2001, three outbreaks of adenovirus (Ad) respiratory infection occurred in southern Taiwan. To determine the circulating serotypes and molecular epidemiology, a total of 524 virus strains were randomly selected from 1,064 strains isolated from 1981 to 2001, and were studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP. The major subgenus found was subgenus B (45%), followed by subgenus E (29%) and subgenus C (25%). Ad3 and Ad7 were the major types found during the 1st outbreak, which occurred from November 1999 to March 2000, while Ad4 was found mainly during the 2nd and 3rd outbreaks in October 2000 and September 2001, respectively. Both Ad7 and Ad4 were reemerged serotypes, whereas Ad3 was consistently isolated during the survey, although it declined drastically from 36 to 2% in 2001. Genotype analysis in this study showed that the only strain of Ad7 found in 1983 was Ad7a, but all randomly selected strains of Ad7 isolated during 1999-2000 were Ad7b. The clinical features of 217 patients were analyzed during the 1999-2000 outbreaks. About 79% of the total cases were less than 7 years old. The ratio of male to female was 2:1. Severe infections, such as pneumonia and acute bronchitis, accounted for nearly half of the cases (43%). These results show the reemergence and changing of serotypes, the clinical association of respiratory adenovirus infections, and the molecular epidemiology of Ad7 genotypes in Taiwan during the past two decades.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1994

The signal-anchor domain of adenovirus E3-6.7K, a type III integral membrane protein, can direct adenovirus E3-gp19K, a type I integral membrane protein, into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Type III integral membrane proteins are oriented in the membrane with their C-terminus in the cytoplasm and their N-terminus extracytoplasmic. Such proteins are believed to have an internal hydrophobic sequence that functions both as an uncleaved signal for membrane insertion and also to anchor the protein in the membrane. However, type III proteins are relatively rare, and information about their putative signal-anchor (SA) domains is scant. The adenovirus E3-6.7K protein is a novel small type III protein. In order to study the insertion of 6.7K into membranes, we have constructed a fusion protein between 6.7K and adenovirus E3-gp19K; gp19K is a type I integral membrane protein that is known to form a complex with class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The 6.7K-gp19K fusion protein lacks the gp19K signal sequence. We show that the 6.7K sequences can act as signal for membrane insertion of the 6.7K-gp19K fusion protein; however, the SA domain of 6.7K does not function as an anchor for the fusion protein. Thus, we have separated the signal function from the anchor function of the 6.7K SA domain. The transmembrane domain of gp19K is still acting as a stop-transfer sequence, and the ability of gp19K to bind MHC class I antigens is still intact. These data imply that sequences flanking a SA domain can influence whether the SA domain functions as a signal sequence only or as a dual signal-anchor sequence. The results also show that the signal for a type III membrane protein can direct a type I protein into the ER membrane. Finally, the data demonstrate that gp19K can retain its class I antigen binding function when gp19K has heterologous sequences fused to its N-terminus.

Adenovirus E3 Proteins↗
PubMed2002

Complementation of a defective human adenovirus by an otherwise incompatible ovine adenovirus recombinant carrying a functional E1A gene.

All known human adenoviruses are classified as mastadenoviruses, while the ovine adenovirus (OAdV) serotype 7 is the prototype of the atadenoviruses, a proposed new genus. OAdV replicates abortively in human cell types and has potential as a gene transfer vector. However, the function of OAdV nonstructural genes is poorly understood and it is unclear whether OAdV replication might be complemented by a replicating human AdV in coinfected cells. To investigate possible interactions three human cell lines were singly infected with OAdV or human AdV5 or doubly infected. The development of a cytopathic effect and genome replication was monitored over three passages in each cell type. No significant OAdV replication occurred in any of the cell types examined either in the presence or in the absence of replicating AdV5. No aberrant AdV5 genome products were detected in coinfected cells. In contrast, in coinfected cells an OAdV recombinant that expressed the AdV5 E1A gene was able to promote the replication of an AdV5 E1A-deficient mutant, demonstrating trans-complementation between appropriate viruses. These findings have implications for the biosafety of OAdV vectors and their possible utility for enhancing gene delivery.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1988

Adenovirus type 5 and adenovirus type 12 recombinant viruses containing heterologous E1 genes are viable, transform rat cells, but are not tumorigenic in rats.

Two sets of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) recombinant viruses were constructed and analyzed. In one case the Ad12 E1A, E1B, or E1A plus E1B genes were substituted for the corresponding Ad5 genes in the Ad5 chromosome. The second set contained the Ad5 E1A, E1B, or E1A plus E1B genes in place of the cognate Ad12 genes in the Ad12 chromosome. The hybrid viruses were all viable and expressed the appropriate E1 antigens. They were able to transform secondary rat fibroblasts, but at reduced efficiency as compared to either parental virus. Fibroblasts transformed with the recombinant Ad5 virus carrying the Ad12 E1A plus E1B genes were tumorigenic in newborn, syngeneic rats. Some of the cell lines transformed with the Ad5 virus containing the Ad12 E1A gene were tumorigenic but none of the recombinants with the Ad12 E1B gene was able to induce tumors in this assay. Although Ad12 was tumorigenic, none of the Ad5 or Ad12 recombinant viruses induced tumors in newborn rats injected either intracerebrally or subcutaneously with virus particles.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1985

The nucleotide sequence of the early region of the Tupaia adenovirus DNA corresponding to the oncogenic region E1b of human adenovirus 7.

The nucleotide sequence of the early region E1b of the tree shrew (Tupaia) adenovirus (TAV) DNA has been determined. The sequenced region includes the genes for polypeptides of Mr 15 000, 44 000 and 13 400, which are analogous to the small and large E1b proteins and protein IX, respectively, of the three human adenovirus serotypes 5, 7, and 12. The hexanucleotide consensus signal AATAAA occurs only at the 3' terminus of the gene for protein IX suggesting that the E1 region of TAV encompasses one transcription unit. The amino acid sequences of the TAV polypeptides have a higher degree of homology to those of Ad7 and Ad5 than to those of Ad12.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1998

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the protease gene, and genetic mapping of bovine adenovirus type 10 define its relatedness to other bovine adenoviruses.

The complete genome of a bovine adenovirus (BAV) type 10 isolate was molecularly cloned and partially sequenced. The encoded proteins were predicted by computer analysis of the DNA sequences of the ends or the entire length of the cloned viral fragments, and thus a rough genetic map was constructed. The protease gene of BAV-10 was completely sequenced and used in phylogenetic analysis. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis, and the location and presence of certain genes thought to be specifically characteristic of subgroup 1 or subgroup 2 BAVs, it could be concluded that, in spite of the striking similarity in certain biological properties, BAV-10 is not related to subgroup 2 BAVs as originally described. It does not however fit clearly into subgroup 1 either, the members of which show closer relationship with human adenoviruses. BAV-10 therefore should best be considered as the first member of a third subgroup of BAVs.

Adenoviruses, Canine↗
PubMed1994

Emergence of early region 1-containing replication-competent adenovirus in stocks of replication-defective adenovirus recombinants (delta E1 + delta E3) during multiple passages in 293 cells.

Early region 1 (E1)-deleted human adenovirus (AV) recombinants have been shown to be powerful tools of gene transfer in vivo and in vitro and are considered for application in human gene therapy. We could detect increasing titers of E1-containing adenovirus in two independent E1 + E3-deleted recombinant AV stocks during multiple passages in 293 cells, most likely due to a recombinant event with the host cell genome. We show the deleterious effects of this E1-containing, mostly replication-competent AV subpopulation in vivo and compare different screening methods of AV stocks for its detection. These considerations are important for the safety of human gene therapy trials.

Adenovirus E1 Proteins↗
PubMed1980

Epidemic outbreaks of adenovirus 7 with special reference to the pathogenicity of adenovirus genome type 7b.

Adenovirus type 7 (Ad 7) is the serotype among the 36 recognized adenovirus types which most frequently has been associated with severe illness. Three different epidemic patterns of Ad 7 infection can be distinguished: 1) the first appears during the winter among infants with median age below two years, has characteristic symptoms of high fever and pneumonia and an outcome that may be fatal: 2) the second appears in the fall among children with median age seven years, has characteristic symptoms of high fever, pneumonia, abdominal symptoms and meningism and an outcome that is favorable; 3) and the third has been seen as acute respiratory disease among military recruits. In the United States, the last mentioned outbreaks require prophylaxis in the form of a live enteric-coated vaccine. DNA restriction site mapping demonstrated the occurrence of three distinct viral entities of Ad 7, which have been designated Ad 7 prototype, Ad 7a (the vaccine strain) and the Ad 7b genome type. In the present study, 36 isolates obtained from outbreaks with the first and the second epidemic patterns were analyzed by restriction endonucleases Bam HI and Sma I. All were identified as the newly recognized Ad 7b genome type. It is concluded that this genome type is responsible for a large portion of the severe infections caused by Ad 7. The epidemic nature of Ad 7 and the severe illness noted among infants indicate that vaccination of institutionalized infants could be considered during years when Ad 7 epidemics appear.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2002

Efficient mobilization of E1-deleted adenovirus type 5 vectors by wild-type adenoviruses of other serotypes.

Mobilization of replication-deficient adenovirus vectors can lead to spread and shedding of the vector. Here we show that in cultured HepG2 cells wild-type (wt) adenoviruses of subgroup A (Ad12), B (Ad7, 11 and 16), C (Ad1, 2 and 5) and E (Ad4) can efficiently mobilize Ad5CMVluc, a DeltaE1DeltaE3-Ad5 vector carrying the firefly luciferase gene as reporter. In addition, we show that Ad5CMVluc can be propagated on Ad12E1-transformed human embryonic retinoblasts. This provides evidence that expression of the E1 region of Ad12 is sufficient for mobilizing DeltaE1-Ad5-derived vectors. Thus, in therapeutic applications of replication-defective Ad vectors any active Ad infection is of potential concern, independent of the serotype involved. To prevent vector mobilization by wt Ads, new vectors should be developed in which essential functions such as the initiation of DNA replication and genome packaging are restricted.

Adenovirus E1 Proteins↗
PubMed2004

Natural variation among human adenoviruses: genome sequence and annotation of human adenovirus serotype 1.

The 36,001 base pair DNA sequence of human adenovirus serotype 1 (HAdV-1) has been determined, using a 'leveraged primer sequencing strategy' to generate high quality sequences economically. This annotated genome (GenBank AF534906) confirms anticipated similarity to closely related species C (formerly subgroup), human adenoviruses HAdV-2 and -5, and near identity with earlier reports of sequences representing parts of the HAdV-1 genome. A first round of HAdV-1 sequence data acquisition used PCR amplification and sequencing primers from sequences common to the genomes of HAdV-2 and -5. The subsequent rounds of sequencing used primers derived from the newly generated data. Corroborative re-sequencing with primers selected from this HAdV-1 dataset generated sparsely tiled arrays of high quality sequencing ladders spanning both complementary strands of the HAdV-1 genome. These strategies allow for rapid and accurate low-pass sequencing of genomes. Such rapid genome determinations facilitate the development of specific probes for differentiation of family, serotype, subtype and strain (e.g. pathogen genome signatures). These will be used to monitor epidemic outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in a defined test bed by the Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance (EOS) project.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗