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PubMed1990

Posturography following rotation: a model of posture control during vestibular dysfunction.

Postural stability is influenced by multiple sensory inputs, including visual, somatosensory, and vestibular cues. Adaptive changes in how these sensory inputs influence posture may occur in the presence of vestibular dysfunction. In this study, we simulated vestibular dysfunction in normal subjects in order to study immediate and adaptive modifications in postural control under reproducible and reversible experimental conditions. Twenty subjects (ages 20 to 35 years) were tested on a force-detecting platform; the support surface or visual surround was modulated (anterior-posterior) proportionally to body sway. Vestibular dysfunction was simulated by rotating subjects with their eyes closed at 180 degrees/second for 30 seconds, then rapidly halting rotation. Posturographic measures were obtained during the subsequent 20 seconds. Ten identical rotation trials for each subject were performed, alternating the direction of rotation, and with either the support surface or the visual surround modulated with sway in different subjects. Thus, only one sensory modality could provide Earth-stable sensory cues. Control groups were tested to assess effects of repeated alternating rotations alone, and effects of repeated posturographic trials alone. Sway was quantified by measuring peak-to-peak excursions of the center of mass. Results showed that subjects were more stable after rotation when they were provided with a stable support surface than with a stable visual surround. No subject could maintain stance without at least one Earth-stable sensory input. Improvement of mean sway scores in either group was not significant, although isolated cases did exhibit adaptive changes with improved stability over repeated trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of patients with acoustic neuroma with dynamic posturography.

The purpose of the present work was to consider the use of posture tests in patients who had known acoustic tumors. The results suggest that it might be possible to determine whether the tumor is on the inferior or superior branch of the vestibular nerve. This would have clinical significance for planning a surgical approach to the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Effects of pesticides on the peripheral and central nervous system in tobacco farmers in Malaysia: studies on peripheral nerve conduction, brain-evoked potentials and computerized posturography.

We examined the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system in the setting of a tobacco farm at a developing country. Maximal motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MCV and SCV, respectively) in the median, sural and tibial nerves, postural sway, and brain-evoked potentials (auditory event-related and visual-evoked potentials) were measured in 80 male tobacco farmers and age- and sex-matched 40 controls in Kelantan, Malaysia. Median SCV (finger-wrist) in farmers using Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate fungicide), who showed significant decrease of serum cholinesterase activities, were significantly lower compared with the controls. Sural SCV in farmers using Fastac (alpha-cypermethrin, pyrethroid insecticide) and median MCV (elbow-wrist) in farmers using Tamex (butralin, dinitroaniline herbicide) were significantly slowed compared with their respective controls. In Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate) users, the power of postural sway of 0-1 Hz was significantly larger than that in the controls both in the anterior-posterior direction with eyes open and in the right-left direction with eyes closed. The former type of sway was also significantly increased in Tamaron (methamidophos, organophosphorus insecticide) users. In conclusion, nerve conduction velocities and postural sway seem to be sensitive indicators of the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mechanism of physiological height vertigo. II. Posturography.

In order to validate the hypothesis that height vertigo is based on visual destabilization of free stance when the distance between eye and object becomes critically large, several of its consequences were demonstrated in posturographic experiments: (1) Visual signals conflicting with simultaneous vestibular and somatosensory inputs provided by sinusoidally tilting rooms may destabilize postural sway in the fore-aft as well as in the lateral direction. (2) In natural surrounding sway amplitudes increase with increasing eye-object distance up to 5 meters. Thus, teleologically, subjective height vertigo serves as an appropriate warning signal to withdraw the body from a stimulus situation inducing postural imbalance. (3) Postural height vertigo problems can be alleviated (a) by adjusting the head relative to the gravitational vector, and (b) by the presence of nearby stationary contrasts in the visual periphery according to the dominance of retinal periphery for dynamic spatial orientation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Tullio phenomenon in patients with Menière's disease as revealed with posturography.

The effect of low frequency sound (LFS) on postural stability was studied in 55 healthy volunteers and in 50 patients with Menière's disease. The sound levels ranged from 130 to 132 dB and were given at frequencies of 25, 50 and 63 Hz. The patients with Menière's disease displayed increased body sway during stimulation. In the individual response, 26% of the patients with Menière's disease experienced significant body sway. The results demonstrate that subjects with Menière's disease are sensitive to low frequency sound. The activation of vestibulo-spinal responses by low frequency sound seems to be a result of the Tullio phenomenon, in which sound energy activates the vestibular end-organ.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2001

Towards virtual reality stimulation in force platform posturography.

We developed a stimulation technique on the basis of virtual reality methods for balance investigation performed in balance laboratories of otorhinolaryngological clinics and institutes of occupational health. Such a stimulation technique is greatly progressive in the sense that by creating virtual moving views and "virtual worlds" inside which the subject is located it is possible to make effective stimuli that would be very difficult or even impossible to set in any real environment. We tested our system on healthy subjects and found out that this kind of virtual reality stimulation system is very useful for balance analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The application of computer posturography in psychological diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: We analyzed assessment of equilibrium system efficiency versus organic test performance and dependence on functional aspect of cognitive and psychomotor functions. MATERIAL/METHODS: A population of 250 persons from 15 to 65 years of age was examined. Measurements of the sense of balance were carried out by means of computer posturograph. Three parameters describing the posturographic trajectory (its variability over time) were selected for analysis: the resultant sway coefficient, average, and maximum sway speeds. CNS function was assessed against the background of tests results from the psychoorganic triad. Cognitive and psychomotor functions were evaluated on the basis of the Raven test, Digital Symbol test, Poppelreuter test, Toulous - Pieron test, and the cross-type apparatus, as well as measurement of direct reaction to auditory and visual stimuli. RESULTS: The results showed decreased efficiency of the equilibrium system in persons with poorer performance on organic tests and a lower level of cognitive and psychomotor functions. The analyzed parameters of the equilibrium system demonstrated a higher degree of dependence on the degree of organic alteration than on the location of defects within the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS: The resultant sway coefficient proved to be the most useful parameter of equilibrium for diagnostic purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Posturography in vestibular work-up of the patient. A review.

In order to obtain a complete functional balance in the patient suffering from vestibular disorders it is necessary to examine the spinal reflexes. Computerized posturographic systems allow quantitative and qualitative analysis of body sway. The posturographic test must be preceded by an accurate clinical examination to identify the anomalies of the osteo-arthro-muscular structure that can cause disorders in motor programs and in proprioceptive inputs. A battery of complementary posturographic tests can clarify the influence of the vestibular, proprioceptive and visual inputs. The posturographic tests allow us: to observe particular aspects of postural control which are not usually detected by the common clinical examination; to identify the most correct kind of functional reeducation and to monitor the spontaneous evolution of the disease and the results of the therapy; to show the voluntary simulators or accentuators of unsteadiness in medico-legal reports.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Stabilization of the head position in pitch plane: study of imbalance during a multisegment posturography examination.

Our purpose was to evaluate head stabilization in pitch plane in patients with different kinds of imbalance when standing over firm and movable surfaces. We used the STATITEST (Société Mumedia, Belgium), a multisegment platform for recording and computing postural adjustments at different body levels. We detected these data by two sensors placed on the head and hip of each subject in four situations: eyes open on a firm surface (EOFS); eyes closed on a firm surface (ECFS); eyes open on a movable surface (EOMS); and eyes closed on a movable surface (ECMS). For each recording, a magnetic field was broadcast by an antenna placed in front of the patients. First, as the manufacturer did not provide the normal range limits for shoulder sway, we conducted a statistical analysis on a population and selected a sample of 31 normal individuals. Second, we performed the experiment with 91 patients in two steps: standard examination and an assessment with sensors on the head and shoulder. The following values of increased head-shoulder relationship were found: on EOFS, 6; on ECFS, 5; on EOMS, 6; and on ECMS, 11. We noted the predominance of smaller head adjustments, reflecting accurate head stability. However, a small percentage of patients showed increased head movement, a pigeonlike sway. A correlation of these individuals with postural strategies revealed that almost all adopted ankle strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental research on sensitized posturography: importance of the neck reflexes].

In order to assess the influence of the cervical structures on the vestibulo-spinal reflex, and so on the posture, we have studied twenty subjects undergoing stimulation of the neck's proprioceptor structures. Each subject, by means of computerized stabilometric platform, has been submitted to the sensitized test with head retroflexed. In all cases significant variations of the posturographic parameters regarding in a particular way the total tracing length, the ellipse surface and the mean speed have been recorded. The results show that there are in man too stimulations of cervical origin which serve the purpose of maintaining posture; we can't exclude the possibility of the interference of an otolithic stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental research on vestibular compensation using posturography].

Vestibular compensation is a representation of nervous system plasticity which manifests as a gradual recovery of equilibrium function both in vestibulo-spinal system and vestibulo-oculomotor system. In order to assess whether the vestibular compensation is a homogeneous process among the different reflexes, the Authors have studied two groups of subjects affected by peripheral or central lesion. The development of the vestibular compensation has been evaluated by the rotation and posturographic tests. The results demonstrate a constant correlation between rotation and stabilometric parameters in the patients suffering from peripheral dizziness while there isn't any correlation between acceleratory and posturographic tests in patients affected by central vertigo. These results demonstrate that the compensation develops at the different levels of the balance function in a very different and independent way and that comparison of the rotation and posturographic patterns may be useful to establish the peripheral or central site of the lesions.

Adult↗