Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “new methods”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Cloning of region-specific genetic markers of planaria using a new method--ordered differential display].

A new method for finding differentially expressed genes, termed ordered differential display of mRNAs (ODD), was used in the search for region-specific molecular markers of freshwater planarian Dugesia tigrina. In this method, the effect of selective suppression of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for the differential amplification of a pool of 3'-terminal cDNA fragments generated by digestion of cDNAs with a restriction endonuclease. In the resulting amplified cDNAs, every mRNA is represented by a cDNA fragment whose length is determined by the position of the restriction site nearest to the 3'-terminus. Subsequent PCR with primers 3'-extended by two random nucleotides allowed the amplification of 1/192 part of all cDNA molecules present in the sample. The comparison of the generated pools of cDNA molecules separated by PAGE leads to the identification of differentially expressed sequences. The systematic study of the total mRNA pool is achieved by the successive use of all possible combinations of extended primers. Some sequences preferentially expressed along the anterior-posterior axis of planarian were identified using ODD.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparative audit: a new method of delivering audit.

A new method of audit delivery is described, based on the first large scale comparative audit meeting held at The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The concept of comparative audit is introduced and the methods of undertaking such an exercise are described. This comparative audit processed the clinical activity of 45 general surgeons during 1989 amounting to 49,005 patient admissions. As an illustration of this technique the comparative analysis of 3,710 inguinal hernia procedures accounting for 12,600 total stay days is used in order to illustrate data manipulation, ranking and presentation in chart form. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions as to the future role of the technique are outlined.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1989

[Initial results of a new method of pancreatic transplantation].

A new method of intraperitoneal transplantation of the whole pancreas as donor-pancreaticoduodeno/recipient-cholecystostomy is described. The pancreas with duodenal segment is placed into the dorsal peritoneal cavity and the portal vein is anastomosed with the subhepatic vena cava and the long aortic segment of the graft with the distal aorta of the recipient. An anastomosis between the donor's duodenal segment and the recipient's gallbladder ensures exocrine pancreatic secretion drainage.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1985

A new method for nonsurgical cholecystolithotomy.

A new method of nonsurgical removal of gallbladder stones is presented herein. The method consists of two parts: a, ultrasonically guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, and b, extraction of gallbladder stones using a choledochofiberscopic maneuver. The procedure is safe, less stressful than a surgical procedure and easy to perform. The method is useful for extremely ill or elderly patients and those who prefer not to undergo surgical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Therapy of chromoblastomycosis with a new method].

The author proposes a new method of treatment for chromoblastomycosis, using the association of two drugs of confirmed therapeutic activity: amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. The aim was to obtain a synergistic action against the causative fungus. The method consists of the following: 50 mg. of amphotericin B is injected i.v. every other day --three times a week-- for three months. Total dosis: 36 ampoules. 5-fluorocytosine is simultaneously given orally --6 tablets of 500 mg. a day-- for three months in a total dosis of 540 tablets or 270 g. Seventeen patients were treated in this way up to now. Six interrupted the treatment on account of several reasons unrelated to treatment. The other 11 that completed this schedule, obtained clinical and histological cure. All were followed-up. No evidence of relapse was seen, even after 27 months of control. The safety of this method of treatment was demonstrated by the low incidence of side effects as inappetence, lassitude, nausea and weight loss. In these circumstances the discontinuance of the drugs for some days was sufficient to resume the treatment. Apparently this therapeutic schedule is the most effective up to now. It has the advantage of not causing resistance and by utilizing low concentrations of the drugs, protecting the patient against risks of toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Body mass coefficient: a proposal of a new method of nutritional assessment].

A new method of nutritional assessment was developed on the basis of Quetelet's equation. The equation for the Body Mass Coefficient: BMC = M1,425 x 71.84/L1,275 (M - body mass in kg; L - height in cm) made it possible to draw a curve and to compile a table of normal values for boys and girls aged 4-18 years. Population data for children and adolescents from Warsaw were used. The sensitivity of the method is very high for detecting weight deficiences below the 10th percentile but the method should also be suitable as a screening test for obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new method for accommodation training].

A new method for accommodation training making use of a computer is proposed. A specially generated dynamic grid of concentric rings serves the stimulus. Changes of the accommodation parameters (the nearest and farthest points of clear vision) were examined in 11 display users aged 30 to 50 during a training session and in the course of 15 sessions. The training improved the accommodation volume by an average of 0.9 diopters at the expense of approximating the nearest and withdrawing the farthest clear vision points. In 4 subjects anisoaccommodation disappeared almost completely. The proposed method may be used to normalize the accommodation of display users.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2003

Uncertainty evaluation of mass values determined by electronic balances in analytical chemistry: a new method to correct for air buoyancy.

A new method to correct for the largest systematic influence in mass determination-air buoyancy-is outlined. A full description of the most relevant influence parameters is given and the combined measurement uncertainty is evaluated according to the ISO-GUM approach [1]. A new correction method for air buoyancy using an artefact is presented. This method has the advantage that only a mass artefact is used to correct for air buoyancy. The classical approach demands the determination of the air density and therefore suitable equipment to measure at least the air temperature, the air pressure and the relative air humidity within the demanded uncertainties (i.e. three independent measurement tasks have to be performed simultaneously). The calculated uncertainty is lower for the classical method. However a field laboratory may not always be in possession of fully traceable measurement systems for these room climatic parameters.A comparison of three approaches applied to the calculation of the combined uncertainty of mass values is presented. Namely the classical determination of air buoyancy, the artefact method, and the neglecting of this systematic effect as proposed in the new EURACHEM/CITAC guide [2]. The artefact method is suitable for high-precision measurement in analytical chemistry and especially for the production of certified reference materials, reference values and analytical chemical reference materials. The method could also be used either for volume determination of solids or for air density measurement by an independent method.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2007

A new method to determine mean adult height from incomplete follow-up data.

BACKGROUND/AIM: In long-term growth studies with adult height (AH) as outcome, reporting is often required while data are incomplete because some participants have not yet reached AH whereas others might be lost to follow-up. Current practice is to analyze only participants who did reach AH, which can easily give biased results. We introduce a new method into the area of growth research. METHODS: We used the data of patients from a registration database and a growth study. The new method uses growth data in time intervals. The percentage of children still growing and the mean growth at each interval are used to determine mean AH. RESULTS: With the new method, estimated mean AHs had smaller bias and standard error than with commonly used methods. The method is not hampered by a correlation between AH and age at reaching AH, unlike methods merely using patients who have reached AH. CONCLUSION: In contrast to commonly used methods, the new method provides valid results on mean AH when complete actual measurements of AH are not (yet) available, provided that drop-out, if any, is not related to (disappointing) growth. As it also uses observed data of children with incomplete follow-up, the method employs the data more effectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Conditioning effect in single human motoneurones: a new method using the unitary H reflex.

1. A new method for the study of spinal reflexes using single motor units is described. 2. The excitability of a motoneurone is assessed as the 'critical firing stimulus' (CFS), which is the difference between the test stimulus intensity needed to reach the threshold for the lowest threshold Ia fibres and the intensity which evokes firing of a motor unit with the probability of 50% (FP50%). The intensity with FP50% is obtained by modulating stimulator output. When the motor unit is fired by a stimulus, the next intensity is decreased, and vice versa. The Ia threshold is defined as the threshold for homonymous monosynaptic peaks in PSTHs during contraction of the muscle examined. 3. A conditioning effect is represented as a change in CFS, the extent being expressed as a percentage of the unconditioned CFS. 4. Effects obtained by conditioning stimulation with the new and conventional H reflex methods are compared. The sensitivities are almost the same and the extents of the effects have highly correlated linear relations for the two methods. 5. The advantages of the new method are (1) that it shows reflex activities on a single motoneurone, (2) that it is applicable both to muscles at rest and during contraction, and (3) that it quantifies conditioning effects as percentages of the size of test Ia EPSPs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method of functional scintiphotosplenoportography using technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosylated human serum albumin.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated whether a new method for scintiphotosplenoportography using technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosylated human serum albumin could visualize the portal venous system and simultaneously assess hepatic function. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-two patients underwent scintiphotosplenoportography, including 4 with metastatic tumor in an otherwise normal liver, 5 with chronic hepatitis, 9 with cirrhosis, and 14 with both hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. The tracer (3 mg, 185 MBq) was injected into the spleen under ultrasonic guidance. Hepatic function was evaluated using the receptor index and the index of blood clearance, both calculated by regions of interest for liver and for heart. Spleen-to-liver times were calculated by subtracting peak activity times over the spleen from those over the portal vein. RESULTS: Correlations of blood clearance and receptor indices with plasma retention rate of indocyanine green at 15 min (respectively, r = 0.616, P < 0.0005 and r = -0.669, P < 0.0001), prothrombin time (r = -0.605, P < 0.0005 and r = 0.710, P < 0.0001), the hepaplastin test (r = -0.526, P < 0.005 and r = 0.605, P < 0.0005), serum albumin (r = -0.488, P < 0.005 and r = 0.640, P < 0.0001), and serum cholinesterase (r = -0.600, P < 0.0005 and r = 0.671, P < 0.0001) were significant. Blood clearance and receptor indices also were significantly related to clinical stage, underlying liver disease, features of radioisotopic images, and presence of esophagogastric varices (P < 0.01). Additionally spleen-to-liver time reflected progressive hepatic damage. CONCLUSIONS: Our new method of scintiphotosplenoportography using technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosylated human serum albumin can assess hepatic function and portal hemodynamics simultaneously. Results correlate with accepted, conventional diagnostic techniques. This method represents a potent new method for evaluating the hepatic system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method to test the effectiveness of sunscreen ingredients in a novel nano-surface skin cell mimic.

Photophysical properties of sunscreens are commonly studied in solvent media, which do not mimic the skin, or in complex artificial skin systems, which are difficult to handle. In an earlier study, we showed that polystyrene nanosphere suspensions mimic the mixed polarity environment of skin cell systems. This paper presents a new method to quantify the effectiveness of sunscreens in the polystyrene nanosphere environment. This method utilizes the intrinsic UV-B fluorescence of polystyrene nanospheres. We studied three UV-B sunscreens by this new method and compared their extinction coefficients with observed values in solvent. The values follow the trend observed in solvents, but the ratio of their extinction coefficient in solvent to the value obtained by this new method is 1.3-1.8 instead of 1. This difference might be caused by the mixed polarity or the microgeometry of the nanosphere system. Regardless of the difference in the extinction coefficients, this new system can be used to test hundreds of chemicals for their sunscreening potential in a cost-effective way. One marked advantage of this new method is its ability to test both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sunscreening chemicals in the same environment. This is virtually impossible for current solvent-based models, which require different solvents for hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemicals. The new method also allows the simultaneous evaluation of a host of photophysical properties of sunscreening chemicals.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of two new methods for routine measurement of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes.

AIMS: To evaluate the performance of two new methods for the analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes designed for use in the routine chemical pathology laboratory: pre-incubation with neuraminidase before agarose electrophoresis; and selective precipitation of the bone isoenzyme with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). METHODS: Serum samples from 39 patients were analysed. Seventeen were from patients with liver disease, eight from patients with bone disease, and 14 from patients with normal ALP activity and no evidence of liver or bone disease. The two new methods were compared with the established method, wheat germ agglutinin affinity electrophoresis. RESULTS: There was good correlation between the neuraminidase and WGA electrophoretic methods. The WGA precipitation method showed negative interference in the measurement of bone isoenzyme activity in samples containing biliary alkaline phosphatase. Both the new methods had advantages of speed and simplicity over the existing method, but cost per test was considerably higher. CONCLUSIONS: The neuraminidase electrophoretic method is a satisfactory alternative to the WGA affinity electrophoretic method, although it is more expensive. The WGA precipitation method cannot be recommended for use with serum samples from patients with suspected liver disease.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

A new method of costal cartilage harvest for total auricular reconstruction: part I. Avoidance and prevention of intraoperative and postoperative complications and problems.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of chest wall deformity is not dependent on the amount of costal cartilage harvested but results from the method of costal cartilage harvest. Therefore, the authors developed a new method of costal cartilage harvest where the perichondrium is left completely intact at the donor site and the remaining costal cartilage after fabrication of the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework is returned to the perichondrial pocket to fill the dead space formed. By leaving the perichondrium completely intact, the most ideal environmental condition for regeneration of cartilage is attained. METHODS: The costal cartilages are harvested en bloc with the perichondrium left completely intact at the donor site. After fabrication of the three-dimensional frame, the remaining costal cartilage is cut into small blocks that act as spacers to fill the dead space formed in the perichondrial pocket. RESULTS: The findings of the authors' study involving over 270 cases performed with the new method of costal cartilage harvest revealed that there were absolutely no postoperative chest wall deformities identified, and there was a significant decrease in intraoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The authors' study revealed that the new method of costal cartilage harvest plays an important role in the regeneration of cartilage and in the prevention and avoidance of postoperative chest wall deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A new method for investigating the relation between change and initial value in longitudinal blood pressure data. II. Comparison with other methods.

Whether initial value affects blood pressure change or not is of interest in longitudinal blood pressure studies. The change/initial value relationship is, however, biased by the regression towards the mean phenomenon, as blood pressure measurements contain random errors (short-term intra-individual variation and measurement errors). Two methods (here called C and D) of avoiding this bias have earlier been proposed and used in population studies in South Wales and Framingham, with conflicting results. In the preceding paper a new method of avoiding the bias has been presented. In the present paper a comparison of the new method with the two earlier is made by applying them to the same data set. Method C indicates, as in South Wales, a highly significant positive relationship, while method D (as in Framingham) and the new method give a regression coefficient close to zero. The structure of the three methods is analysed. Method C is shown to be valid only under very restricted conditions and is best avoided. Method D gives a fairly accurate result, but underestimates the coefficient by approximately 30% in this case. The new method proposed seems to be the best method hitherto for this kind of analysis.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative evaluation of a new method for the determination of alpha-amylase].

A new method for alpha-amilase determination has been compared with other two methods already tested. All these methods have been evaluated by linearity, precision, accuracy and correlation tests. Affinity of the three different substrates for pancreatic and salivary isoenzymes has been valued too. The new method is based on the use of a mixture of p-nitrophenimaltopentaoside and p-nitrophenilhexaoside and it has given excellent results in the different tests and it has shown to be easily adaptable to automatized and centrifugal analysis. Moreover the hydrolysis of well defined substrates gives products which absorb in the visible part of the spectrum and it is an evident advantage. Therefore, this method is one of the most satisfactory for alpha-amilase determination too.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

[A new method for calculating a compensation function in power series].

A new method for the derivation of a compensation function in power series is developed and compared with the linear regression of the logarithms. At the same time from the formulas of the linear regression corresponding formulas for the regression of power series without the need of logarithms are derived. Comparing the newly developed method of the "persistence report" with the linear regression of the logarithms it results that the new method often reaches a better approach of the values of the compensation function to the measured values; furthermore the new formulas are simpler and applicable without computers.

Biometry↗