Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “multimodal sequencing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

CpG 7909: PF 3512676, PF-3512676.

CpG 7909 [PF-3512676] is an immunomodulating synthetic oligonucleotide designed to specifically agonise the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). It is being developed for the treatment of cancer [ProMune] as a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, and it is also under development as an adjuvant [VaxImmune] for vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases. CpG 7909, acting through the TLR9 receptor present in B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, stimulates human B-cell proliferation, enhances antigen-specific antibody production and induces interferon-alpha production, interleukin-10 secretion and natural killer cell activity. Coley Pharmaceutical Group originally developed CpG 7909 using its CpG DNA technology. In March 2005, Coley granted Pfizer an exclusive global license to develop and commercialise CPG 7909 [ProMune] for the treatment, control and prevention of multiple cancer indications. Coley licensed CpG 7909 [VaxImmune] to Chiron Corporation for adjuvant use with Chiron's prophylactic vaccine candidates against infectious diseases in December 2003. Chiron was acquired by and merged into Novartis in April 2006. In 2002, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was granted a worldwide, non-exclusive licence to Coley's CpG immunostimulatory oligonucleotides, including CpG 7909 [VaxImmune], for their use as adjuvants for cancer vaccines. In 2000, Coley entered into a co-exclusive licensing agreement with GSK for the development of therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases. This licensing agreement included CpG 7909 [VaxImmune] and other CpG-based immunostimulatory oligonucleotides. In September 2004, Coley Pharmaceuticals was awarded a 16.9 million US dollars, 5-year contract from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to support the development of novel immune-activating drugs for defense against bioterror agents. This contract will be used to expand Coley's proprietary line of TLR Therapeutic products. Together with prior awards, the new contract brings the total committed biodefense funding for Coley to 35 million US dollars. During the first quater of 2006, Pfizer disclosed its intention to develop CpG 7909 for breast cancer. A phase I/II trial in patients with NHL has also been conducted in 24 patients with relapsed or refractory disease at the University of Iowa. Pfizer initiated two international phase III trials under the special protocol assessment (SPA) procedure of the US FDA. These trials are evaluating CpG 7909 in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced (stage IIIb or IV) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Approximately 800 patients will be enrolled in each trial. The primary endpoint is overall survival time. In 2005, Coley completed a multinational phase IIb trial of CpG 7909 in combination with chemotherapy in 112 patients with NSCLC. The goal of the study was to improve the outcome of standard first-line chemotherapeutic regimens (taxane and platinum) for NSCLC by adding CpG 7909. Coley has been granted 11 US patents, covering key aspects of the company's CpG TLR9 antagonist technologies. Three US patents relating to CpG 7909 and the use of certain oligonucleotides for treating cancer are due to expire in 2014. Coley also has pending US patent applications covering the specific sequence of CpG 7909 and its use to treat cancer, which, if issued, would be expected to expire between 2014 and 2017. In April 2004, Coley received US Patent No. 6,727,230 covering the use of oligonucleotides containing at least one phosphorothioate linkage to stimulate cellular immune responses. In November 2003, Coley received US Patent No. 6,653,292, which protects the use of TLR9-containing oligonucleotides to treat or prevent cancer or to enhance multimodal cancer treatment regimens. In July 2002, Coley received US Patent No. 6,406,705 covering its CpG oligonucleotide immunostimulants for use in combination with conventional adjuvants. In April 2001, Coley was issued with US Patent No. 6,207,646 covering the composition and use of its immune stimulants including CpG 7909. In September 2001, Coley was granted US Patent No. 6,214,806, which expands the coverage on the use of CpG oligonucleotides in the treatment of certain respiratory disorders.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1998

Management of malignant glioma: role of surgery in relation to multimodality therapy.

The goals of surgery for malignant glioma are to establish a histological diagnosis and to achieve mechanical cytoreduction to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) and possibly alter tumor kinetics. There is controversy concerning the question whether the glioma is a focal or diffuse process; it appears that there may be variability between the two extremes in individual cases. The question of the value of surgery has also been controversial. Review of the literature suggests that both early and long-term postoperative outcome after radical surgical resection are better than the results of either partial resection or simple biopsy, in terms of neurological status and duration of survival. Similarly, reoperation for recurrence of glioma offers reasonable extension of quality survival. Despite the desirability of extensive cytoreductive surgery for malignant gliomas, the presence of viable infiltrative cells beyond the margins of the resection necessitate that surgery be a part of an aggressive multimodality therapeutic approach. Adjunctive measures to control the infiltrative component include newer forms of radiotherapy (such as stereotaxic radiosurgery) and newer delivery techniques for chemotherapy (agents impregnated in biodegradable polymers implanted in the tumor bed after surgical resection), and possibly immunotherapy and gene therapy as they may become feasible in the future. The strategy for management of malignant glioma thus consists of a combination of extensive surgical resection to reduce the accessible tumor burden, followed in rapid sequence by measures to control the infiltrative portion of the tumor. It is recommended that these measures be offered 'up front' rather than delaying treatment until there is clinical or radiographic evidence of tumor recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Functional genomic comparison of lineage-related human bladder cancer cell lines with differing tumorigenic and metastatic potentials by spectral karyotyping, comparative genomic hybridization, and a novel method of positional expression profiling.

We have recently characterized T24T, an invasive and metastatic variant of the T24 human bladder cell line, resulting in a model for bladder cancer progression. To gain additional insight into the repertoire of genetic changes that may be responsible for the invasive and metastatic phenotype, we used spectral karyotyping (SKY) in combination with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in these cells. To assess the functional significance of the genetic differences found between the two cell lines, we have developed a positional expression profiling (PEP) method for comparing gene expression data obtained from oligonucleotide microarrays based upon chromosomal position. Using SKY and CGH, we were able to define the genetic changes in the cell lines, and in addition, resolve the identity of all marker chromosomes from our initial karyotyping and G-band analysis. PEP analysis revealed important similarities and differences when compared with the cytogenetic data, allowing insights of how genomic structural changes affect gene expression on a regional scale. The shape of the expression profiles for chromosomes 8, 12, and X correlated well with the numerical imbalances revealed by CGH and SKY, whereas regions like 10q, gained in T24T compared with T24, was not associated with changes in gene expression. Furthermore, we have shown that 12p, a region of agreement between CGH and PEP harbors RhoGDI2, a candidate gene, the expression of which inversely correlates with bladder tumor progression, demonstrating the usefulness of this multimodal approach in identifying promising genetic changes that may be responsible for the invasive phenotype.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1987

Quantitation of the immunocytochemical assay for estrogen receptor protein (ER-ICA) in human breast cancer by television imaging.

A Quantimet 720D Image Analysis System has been programmed for light microscopic evaluation of the nuclear estrogen receptor distribution in frozen sections of human breast cancer stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies to estrogen receptor protein (ER). This method provides precise criteria for distinguishing ER-positive and -negative cells and a sensitive and reproducible means for densitometric quantification of the staining patterns. Although imaging sequence and graphic analysis are automated by computer programs, light pen interaction provides supervision of feature selection. Imaging of the immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) in 50 patients revealed marked heterogeneity of nuclear estrogen receptor concentration varying over a nearly 100 fold concentration range. Various ER concentration patterns were evident: (I) distributions with a single peak (CV = 5%) present at various concentration levels; (II) bimodal distributions, revealing co-existent ER-positive and ER-negative subpopulations; (III) multimodal distributions with a number of resolvable concentration peaks; and (IV) highly skewed distributions with or without discernible peaks, frequently extending over the entire concentration range. Statistical methods of de-convolution were applied to determine the frequency and ER concentration characteristics of component subpopulations in the mosaic cases and for resolving the proportion of ER-positive and -negative cells. An approach for evaluating nuclear ER content in conjunction with ER concentration patterns in individual patients revealed whether spread in the ER concentration distribution resulted from differences in nuclear ER content or from variability in nuclear volume distribution.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2002

Simultaneous multimode experiments for studies of electrochemical reaction mechanisms: demonstration of concept.

An instrumental setup has been configured for a simultaneous real time recording of electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and mass data on an electrode from a single measurement for studies of complex electrochemical reaction mechanisms. This was achieved by combining a few pieces of equipment: a potentiostat/galvanostat for electrochemical measurements, the near-normal incidence reflectance spectrometer for spectroelectrochemical measurements, and a quartz crystal analyzer (QCA) for mass changes on the electrode. The latter two were coupled through a bifurcated optical fiber on the reflective QCA electrode. The experimental setup thus assembled was demonstrated to be very powerful in elucidating reaction mechanisms of the reaction sequence for a complex reaction, for example, electrochemical oxidation of aniline, which accompanies spectral, as well as weight, changes upon oxidation. The system was also applied to the study of the lithium intercalation reaction of tungsten trioxide thin films in a nonaqueous solution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Interactions of visual and auditory mossy fiber inputs in the paraflocculus of the rat: a gating action of multimodal inputs.

We have demonstrated previously that visual and auditory inputs reach the rat paraflocculus via dorsolateral pontine gray from the secondary regions of the visual and auditory cortices. It has also been demonstrated that mossy fiber responses can be evoked to physiological acoustic stimuli in unanesthetized preparations. In this study, we investigated the interaction of auditory and visual inputs in the paraflocculus. Activity of parafloccular neurons was recorded in immobilized, locally anesthetized hooded rats. Selected images and tones were presented to animals. Orientation, position, and velocity of visual stimuli and different parameters of acoustic stimuli were controlled by a computer. Visual and auditory stimuli were also presented in combination or in different temporal sequences. We discovered that visual and auditory stimuli have coextensive termination zones in paraflocculus, and influence the same neurons in 60% of the cases. Combined auditory and visual stimuli produced synergistic responses in parafloccular neurons in comparison with single modality stimuli. Augmentation of responses could be observed even when one of the stimuli was subthreshold and did not alter per se the neuronal activity. Our findings suggest that within the cerebro-cerebellar system, subthreshold inputs are capable of powerful control over the neuronal activity and may alter responses to subsequent stimuli when properly biased by inputs from paired modalities.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine structure analysis of temporal patterns in the light response of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cat.

This study focuses on the analysis of temporal patterns in the spike train of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of cat. Two-hundred eighty-three units have been recorded extracellularly in anesthetized animals during visual stimulation with flashing spot stimuli of different size. We used a novel method of temporally local computed interval distributions (intervalogram; Funke & Wörgötter, 1995) to visualize the statistical distribution of interspike intervals during different phases of the visual response. Multimodal interval distributions were observed mainly in X- and Y-ON cells, reflecting the tendency of these cells to fire with preferred intervals during the sustained light response. The shortest preferred interval is called the fundamental interval and the longer ones (higher-order intervals) are, in general, multiples thereof. During increasing surround inhibition a redistribution of the intervals towards the higher orders was observed. We regarded the different in the interval distributions as different components of possible temporal spike sequences and performed a pattern search up to the level of five subsequent intervals. While it is obvious, that the dominant peak is most strongly represented in any interval sequence, we also show that a significant overrepresentation of short sequences of similar intervals exists. The repetition rate is rather small (4-5 intervals) and, therefore, no long-lasting oscillatory pattern was observed in the autocorrelograms. Power spectral analysis of the peristimulus-time histograms, however, revealed that the sequential firing pattern is strongly stimulus locked at least for the majority of sweeps in the records. The mean firing rate of an LGN cell decreases with increasing stimulus size as well as with decreasing contrast. Therefore, the mean rate cannot be used to distinguish between these situations. While in the whole network this tradeoff can be resolved by the combined activity of multiple cells, our findings additionally suggest that contrast and size can be distinguished already at the single-cell level using different temporal patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Gene therapy for cancer and metastatic disease.

Gene therapy has been applied to the treatment of cancer and metastatic disease for over ten years. Research in this area has utilised multiple gene therapy approaches including targeting tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes, stimulating the immune system, targeted chemotherapy, antiangiogenic strategies, and direct viral oncolysis. In recent years, gene delivery vectors have been developed that selectively target tumour cells through tumour-specific receptors, deletion of certain viral gene sequences, or incorporation of tumour-specific promoter sequences that drive gene expression. Preclinical models have produced promising results, demonstrating significant tumour regression and reduction of metastatic disease. Unfortunately, only limited responses have been observed in clinical trials. The main limitations in treating metastatic disease include poor vector transduction efficiencies and difficulties in targeting remote tumour cells with systemic vector delivery. Currently, various groups are investigating means to improve gene delivery and clinical responses by continuing to modify gene delivery vectors and by concentrating on combination gene therapy and multimodality therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Multimodal genetic diagnosis of solid variant alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

The most common types of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are alveolar RMS (ARMS), which are characterized by the specific translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14) or its rarer variant, t(1;13)(p36;q14), producing the fusion genes PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR, respectively, and embryonal RMS (ERMS), which is characterized by multiple numeric chromosome changes. A solid variant of ARMS that is morphologically indistinguishable from ERMS has been described recently. We present two cases with an initial histopathologic diagnosis of ERMS in which the combined findings by cytogenetic, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses demonstrate that both tumors were in fact the solid variant of ARMS. The cytogenetic analysis of patient 1 revealed a t(2;13)(q35;q14) and the RT-PCR study detected the corresponding PAX3-FKHR chimeric transcript. In patient 2, the cytogenetic finding of multiple trisomies was compatible with the initial histopathologic diagnosis of ERMS, but the finding of a PAX7-FKHR fusion transcript by RT-PCR pointed to the diagnosis of ARMS. Interestingly, the CGH findings of this case reconciled the molecular and cytogenetic data by detecting, in addition to the trisomies, amplification of chromosomal bands 1p36 and 13q14, where the PAX7 and FKHR genes are located, respectively. Our data indicate that this multimodal genetic analysis could be important for the differential diagnosis of these tumors. Furthermore, our findings and previous studies indicate that there are no apparent genetic differences between solid variant and typical ARMS.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Tomographic electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography. Dynamics of human neural network switching.

New developments in multimodal registration of electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) are presented as a method to create a tomographic EEG. Three-dimensional information about the x,y,z location of the sources of event-related potentials is corroborated through the use of experimental design and coregistration with MRI and PET. Once the three-dimensional location of event-related potential dipole sources is identified and corroborated, pseudoinverse procedures are used to derive a new EEG voltage sequence from each of the dipoles. Each derived EEG dipole time series is analogous to recording EEG from a deeply implanted electrode and constitutes a four-dimensional tomographic EEG (i.e., three-dimensional space plus time). EEG coherence and phase analyses are then performed on the dipole-derived time series to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of neural network switching during voluntary finger movements. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a new method to exploit the time domain dynamics of neural network switching in behaving human subjects.

Brain↗
PubMed2026

High-Content CRISPR Screening: Methods and Applications.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 screening has become a central technology in functional genomics, enabling genome-scale interrogation via pooled perturbations. Early CRISPR screens employed survival or simple phenotypic readouts to identify essential genes and drug resistance mechanisms. However, as biological questions have shifted toward understanding regulatory networks, cellular heterogeneity, and context-dependent gene functions, there has been increasing demand for screening strategies capable of capturing complex cellular phenotypes beyond cell fitness. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing, high-content imaging, and spatial transcriptomics have expanded the resolution of CRISPR screening by enabling multidimensional phenotypic characterization following genetic perturbation. By integrating pooled perturbations with diverse readouts, these approaches systematically map targeted gene edits to transcriptional states, cellular phenotypes, and microenvironmental contexts. Meanwhile, innovations in library design, delivery, and computational pipelines have further improved the robustness and interpretability of high-content screening platforms. This review synthesizes the methodological evolution of CRISPR screening, emphasizing advances in perturbation strategies, delivery systems, and multimodal readouts. Representative applications spanning oncology, immunotherapy, developmental biology, neurobiology, and infectious diseases are delineated to demonstrate refined gene network annotations. Additionally, existing technical bottlenecks, such as scalability, cost constraints, and in vivo limitations, are critically assessed. Finally, future directions are proposed to facilitate the development of precise medicine.

CRISPR screening↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of a multimodality image (CT, MRI and PET) coregistration procedure on phantom and head and neck cancer patients: accuracy, reproducibility and consistency.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In radiotherapy planning of head and neck tumors, coregistration of various anatomical (e.g. CT and MRI) and functional (e.g. PET) images is a promising way to improve the delineation of the target volumes. In this paper, we report data on accuracy, reproducibility and consistency of an interactive coregistration procedure in a specifically designed phantom and in a group of patients with primary head and neck tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A phantom and a group of four patients with pharyngo-laryngeal tumors were imaged by CT scan (taken as the reference image), MRI (T1- and T2-weighed sequences) and PET (transmission and FDG emission). Sets of images were coregistered using an interactive rigid coregistration method based on interactive surface segmentation. Translational and rotational displacements relative to the reference CT scan were measured and expressed in terms of accuracy, reproducibility (inter- and intra-observer variation) and consistency (between T1- and T2-weighed MRI). RESULTS: Coregistration accuracy was in the range of 0.8-6.2 mm and 1.2-4.6 mm for the phantom and the patients, respectively. Accuracy was slightly worse in the z direction, and was significantly correlated with the spatial resolution of the imaging modalities, at least for the phantom. Inter- and intra-observer variations were very small and always far below the residual variance. Consistency was perfect except in the y direction. CONCLUSION: Providing adequate set-up is chosen, accurate coregistration of CT, MR and FDG-PET images can be obtained in the head and neck area. Coregistration was consistent and highly reproducible among observers.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed2026

CodonMoE: DNA language models for codon-dependent mRNA prediction.

MOTIVATION: Genomic language models (gLMs) face a fundamental efficiency challenge: one must either maintain separate specialized models for each biological modality (DNA and RNA) or develop large multimodal architectures. Both approaches impose significant computational burdens-modality-specific models require redundant infrastructure despite inherent biological connections, while multi-modal architectures demand increased parameter counts and extensive cross-modality pretraining. RESULTS: To address this limitation, we introduce CodonMoE (Adaptive Mixture of Codon Reformative Experts), a lightweight adapter that transforms DNA language models into effective RNA analyzers without RNA-specific pretraining. Our theoretical analysis establishes CodonMoE as a universal approximator at the codon level, capable of mapping arbitrary functions from codon sequences to codon-dependent RNA properties given sufficient expert capacity. Across four RNA prediction tasks spanning stability, expression, and regulation, DNA models augmented with CodonMoE significantly outperform their unmodified counterparts, with the HyenaDNA+CodonMoE series achieving state-of-the-art results using 80% fewer parameters than specialized RNA models. By maintaining sub-quadratic complexity while achieving superior performance, our approach provides a principled path toward unifying genomic language modeling, leveraging more abundant DNA data and reducing computational overhead while preserving modality-specific performance advantages. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Source code for the method and to reproduce the results is available at https://github.com/Kingsford-Group/CodonMoE.

Codon↗
PubMed2026

CoxFormer enables spatial omics inference with multimodal generative modeling.

Gene co-expression maps transcriptome-wide gene-gene relationships, yet high-quality estimates cover less than half the genome. Meanwhile, spatial omics either profiles restricted in situ panels or lacks cellular resolution. Extending co-expression transcriptome-wide could overcome these limitations by inferring unassayed gene expression at subcellular resolution. Here we show that CoxFormer integrates literature-derived gene knowledge with co-expression networks from bulk tissues and large-scale single-cell atlases to learn 512-dimensional representations for 32,016 human genes. These embeddings capture functional gene relationships and serve as a generative prior for spatial inference across platforms and modalities. Without requiring a matched single-cell RNA-sequencing reference, CoxFormer supports four applications beyond measured genes: histology-based expression imputation, gene activity prediction from chromatin accessibility, subcellular super-resolution inference, and pathological region detection. Together, CoxFormer extends gene embedding from gene- and cell-level tasks to whole-transcriptome spatial inference, providing a unified framework for biological analysis beyond the limited gene coverage of current spatial omics technologies.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Combined and three-dimensional rendered multimodal data for planning cranial base surgery: a prospective evaluation.

Magnetic resonance (MR), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and angiographic images best depict soft tissue, bone, and blood vessels respectively. No one on its own is sufficient in the preoperative assessment of cranial base lesions. We have developed and evaluated a computational technique for the three-dimensional (3D) combination and display of multimodality images for planning cranial base surgery. This evaluation was prospective and performed in such a way that the results could be quantified. Eight patients (three acoustic neuromas, four subfrontal and suprasellar meningiomas, and one petrous apex meningioma) underwent MR, CT, and MR angiographic investigations. These images were registered with anatomical landmarks rather than an external frame. Two techniques were used to display the resulting combined images: multiple slices in which bone from CT was overlaid on soft tissue from registered MR and pseudo-3D-rendered movie sequences showing bone from CT, lesions and optic nerves from MR, and blood vessels from MR angiography. The advantages of the combined displays compared with those of conventional methods of viewing were assessed prospectively by the operating surgeon and by an independent surgeon, and the results were compared with operative findings. The preoperative assessment showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05, sign test) in the depiction of both individual structures (lesion and bone from overlaid slices and lesion and vasculature from 3D-rendered displays) and structural relationships (tumor-bone relationships from overlaid slices and of tumor-vasculature relationships from 3D-rendered displays). The operative findings indicated that a more accurate interpretation of this information was possible from the combined images.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The practical application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in medical rehabilitation of psychiatric patients].

The WHO Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health enables the description of functional health, disability and impairment on an international and interdisciplinary level in a common language. The fundamental underlying assumption of this Classification, which is orientated around a bio-psycho-social model of health and impairment, has been accepted by rehabilitation scientists in general. Unfortunately, the WHO does not make any recommendations as to how this classification could be applied in practice. In this article, various problems are outlined which could occur when the ICF is applied. Furthermore an example from a psychiatric rehabilitation institution illustrates the way the ICF could serve as an instrument for an extensive rehabilitation management programme. Here, Stucki's use will be made of Rehab-Cycle model. This describes a comprehensive sequence of steps which help analyse the patients problems from a patient-centred standpoint, to set up a schedule for treatment and to evaluate the results. Within Stucki's model the ICF is used as a system to analyse problems upon which intervention can be set. This method is illustrated with an example from a rehabilitation case. Summarizing, it is pointed out that through easier communication (as a result of the ICF) interdisciplinary productivity and efficiency will increase. On this basis it is possible to achieve a more comprehensive multimodal approach in the treatment of people suffering from psychic impairments or disability.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed1989

[Use of contrast media in MR tomography of soft tissue sarcomas. Follow-up studies after multimodal therapy].

The value of MRI was evaluated retrospectively in 32 patients with clinically confirmed soft tissue sarcomata. The results were compared with the clinical findings and with computed tomographic scans. All patients were examined for recurrent residual tumor, the majority after surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Regardless of the tumor site, MR was superior to CT or at least equivalent. The normal postoperative anatomy was well delineated. Discrimination of recurrent or residual masses from post-treatment fibrosis was good. Bone destruction, especially tumor-induced cortical erosion, was better defined with CT. MRI is an appealing modality for the diagnostic work-up and for the follow-up following treatment of thoracic and abdominal sarcomata in children. The use of Gd-DTPA meant T2-weighted image sequences of the chest and abdomen were unnecessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Development and organization of multimodal representation in cat superior colliculus.

The present paper examines developmental and organizational parallels between visual and nonvisual cells in the cat superior colliculus (SC). An attempt is made to relate these developmental and organizational features to the role the SC plays in orientation behavior. In young kittens visually guided behavior is virtually nonexistent and requires many weeks to develop. Similarly, kitten SC cells are unresponsive to visual stimuli until at least 7 days after birth, and it is only after many weeks that SC cells behave as do those of the adult. In contrast to the development of visual cells, however, some neurons responsive to somatic stimuli are present in the SC on the day of birth, and cells responsive to acoustic stimuli appear several days later. Thus, the sequence in which modality represenstation appears in the cat SC parallels the developmental chronology of the use of different sensory cues for orientation. These data indicate that the functional roles of the visual, somatic, and acoustic representations may be similar. The finding that the organization of the somatic representation in the SC is similar to, and in register with, the visual representation is consistent with this possibility. It is suggested that the SC can utilize cues from a variety of modalities in order to facilitate appropriate orientation behavior.

Animals↗