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Results for “infectivity evaluation”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Characterization of antibody response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 product following infection and evaluation of its diagnostic use in pigs.

The sensitivity and specificity of recombinant open reading frame 5 products used in the Western blotting assay for confirmation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) serologic status were evaluated. The recombinant antigen-based assays were specifically compared with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PRRSV antibodies using 1) PRRSV antibody-negative reference sera (n = 30), 2) naturally infected pig sera (n = 40), 3) sequential sera obtained from 24 experimentally infected pigs, and 4) sera submitted to 3 state diagnostic laboratories (n = 200). The recombinant antigen assay yielded an average increased sensitivity of 10% over the commercial PRRSV ELISA. The negative controls (group 1 sera) showed no difference between the 2 assays. This comparison confirmed that the recombinant antigen-specific assay was more sensitive than the commercial ELISA and is well suited for routine confirmation of the presence of PRRSV antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A comparative trial of moxalactam plus ticarcillin and clavulanic acid or piperacillin as empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile cancer patients.

Resistance of bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics remains a difficult clinical problem that can be compounded in infected patients with serious underlying illness, especially those who are immunocompromised. In a prospective randomized safety and efficacy trial, febrile cancer patients received either ticarcillin disodium combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulante potassium (Timentin, Beecham Laboratories, Bristol, TN) plus moxalactam (T+M), or piperacillin plus moxalactam (P+M) as initial empiric antimicrobial therapy. Sixty-six febrile episodes in 53 patients were studied. In the T+M group, 14 (78%) of 18 clinically evaluable infections in patients with profound granulocytopenia improved as did all 14 (100%) such infections in the P+M group. In the T+M group 17 of 21 (81%) similarly evaluable infections improved irrespective of granulocyte count, as did 14 (88%) of 16 of such infections in the P+M group. These results are not statistically significantly different. Serious side effects were infrequent and comparable with both regimens. There was one antibiotic related hemorrhage in the P+M group and a serious episode of nephrotoxicity in a patient who died without recovering renal function in the T+M group. These results suggest that the overall safety and efficacy of Timentin plus moxalactam, and piperacillin plus moxalactam are comparable and similar to previous empiric antibiotic trials.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using nonisotopic solution hybridization for detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified proviral DNA.

A convenient assay combining solution hybridization and enzyme immunoassay for DNA-RNA hybrids (polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay [PCR-EIA]) was developed to detect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus amplified by the PCR and was compared with oligomer hybridization with 32P-labeled SK19. In PCR-EIA, a fragment of the HIV-1 gag gene from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was first amplified with primer pair SK38/SK39 or O1/O2. PCR-amplified material was reacted in solution with a biotinylated RNA probe. Biotinylated hybrids were measured in a microtiter-plate EIA with antibiotin antibody and a beta-D-galactosidase-conjugated monoclonal antibody to DNA-RNA hybrids. Ten copies of HIV-1 DNA could be detected by PCR-EIA by using two different sets of primers. HIV-1 DNA was detected in 104 of 108 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples by using SK38/39 and oligomer hybridization, in 104 of 108 samples by using SK38/SK39 and PCR-EIA, and in 104 of 108 samples by using O1/O2 and PCR-EIA. HIV-1 provirus was detected in 107 of 108 samples by using a combination of two sets of primers. One sample from a seropositive patient was negative in all three PCR assays, and six samples gave discordant results between primer pairs. Six of the latter samples scored negative in a PCR for beta-globin but became positive when the sample was diluted before amplification. When applied to clinical samples, PCR-EIA generated results similar to those of an isotopic assay for detection of amplified DNA.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of infection control practices during an AE.

The broadening global commitment of UK military personnel since the end of the Cold War has brought them into contact with a plethora of tropical diseases, some of which require isolation and air transfer to a UK medical facility. This presents a number of challenges to the safe repatriation of patients and attending medical and flight crews. During a recent repatriation of a patient with suspected Lassa fever from West Africa, the team's practices were evaluated and recommendations were made for improvements to future transfers by the deployable air isolator team. Valuable lessons were learned by the team, most notably the need to practice safe isolation procedures in a real working environment. In addition, the team should work on exercises together, thus aiding cohesion prior to deployment.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infected aortic aneurysm. Case report and imaging evaluation.

An infected aortic aneurysm is evaluated by computed tomography (CT) following presentation on plain film in the emergency room. The importance of CT in delineating the location and cause of the aneurysm is noted. Other modes of evaluation of infected aortic aneurysms are reviewed and discussed. The advantages of CT evaluation are noted. A literature review notes plain film presentation of only one other infected aortic aneurysm. Pathological correlation with the CT imaging is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Hygiene in the prevention of udder infections. II. Evaluation of oil-based teat dips.

Oil-based teat dips containing iodine at .5 and 1% were compared in a series of studies with two water-based iodophor products of the same concentration and also with undipped controls. When the two types of products were tested at .5% under conditions of natural infection, the water-based dip was four times more effective than the oil-based dip at preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections. In three subsequent trials teats were experimentally exposed to S. aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Five times more S. aureus infections developed in a group dipped with the oil-based dip at 1% iodine with an undipped control yielded no significant difference for S. aureus infections. The 1% iodine water-based product was nine times more effective in preventing S. aureus infections than the 1% oil-based product. Differences in the incidence of S. agalactiae infections were nonsignificant within the individual trials. Though ineffective in preventing udder infections oil-based products were effective in creating a supple condition of teat skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Reducing the risk of Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection by evaluating the prophylactic potential of vaginally applied chemicals.

The need to provide women with a partner-independent method of prophylaxis against sexually transmitted disease (STD) against, including Chlamydia trachomatis, has led to a direct effort to develop a vaginally applied, broad-spectrum antimicrobial preparation that is both safe and effective. Using a murine model of C. trachomatis lower genital tract infection, we tested the ability of various vaginally applied chemicals to alter the course of infection in female mice challenged with infectious doses ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) inclusion forming units of an oculogenital serovar of C. trachomatis. When administered in a methylcellulose/propylene glycol-base gel 15 minutes prior to challenge, four widely used topical antimicrobials (benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, nonoxynol-9, and polymyxin B) were shown to protect against infection. These results support the possibility that this type of interventional method may be a clinically relevant means of prophylaxis against sexually transmitted infection with C. trachomatis, the most common bacterial STD agent.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1986

[Genetic resistance to rabies infection. Trial of demonstrating the heritability of resistance to the infection (preliminary evaluation on a murine model)].

A model in mice was developed in order to check if a resistance against rabies could be naturally and genetically selected in a line of mammals. A more resistant strain of mice (DBA/2) was identified. However, up to present, all attempts have failed in view to create a resistant strain of swiss mice in breeding individuals surviving to rabies infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of infection control in registered tattooing premises in Victoria, 1994.

Tattooists at a random sample of registered tattooing premises were surveyed for self-reported compliance with infection-control practices specified in the Victorian Standards of practice for tattooing, and some were observed while tattooing. Of 35 respondents, 94 per cent reported that they believed their practice fully met the standards, yet 19 per cent of tattooists did not have a copy of the standards at their premises. Most believed the standards could be improved. There was considerable discrepancy between reported practice and that observed. Few tattooists understood or implemented universal precautions, and while most wore gloves, there was low level of use of eye and clothing protection. Tattooists touched many surfaces that had not been cleaned or disinfected between clients. Ultrasonic cleaners were generally operated without lids. Because of this, they were a danger both to operators and their clients. At no premises was equipment used that had been both cleaned according to the standards and sterilised in an autoclave that had passed a sterilisation test. The situation in Victoria is similar to that identified in other states. There is an urgent need for training of tattooists and the environmental health officers who supervise them.

Attitude to Health↗