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Evaluating health education in asthma -- developing the methodology: preliminary communication.

The results are reported of a preliminary study to a controlled trial evaluating health education in asthma. A questionnaire designed to assess asthma morbidity in the previous twelve months and knowledge of the condition was administered to 50 asthma patients. An independent assessment of morbidity was made by the patient's general practitioners, utilizing case notes and their knowledge of the patients. For each aspect of morbidity, `severe' asthma as assessed by doctors tended to be associated with increasing disability on questionnaire assessment. Overall, questionnaire `morbidity scores' were significantly higher in the doctors' `severe' group. Patients' level of knowledge was low, but no significant correlation was found between patients' level of knowledge and level of morbidity.The findings suggest that there is a need for health education in asthma, and that the questionnaire used is a valid tool for measuring the impact of such education on patients' morbidity. An outline of the controlled trial for evaluation of health education is given.

Activities of Daily Living↗

Measures of food insecurity/security.

ABSTRACT Nutrition education has the potential to play an important role in ensuring food security and improving nutritional status. Therefore, food security is recommended for inclusion in nutrition education evaluation efforts. Considerable progress has been made in developing brief tools that can be used to measure food security at the household level. These tools are reliable in population-based surveys, and some studies have found that measures of food security are associated with nutrient intake. Hence, these tools can be valuable in monitoring, in community needs assessment, and in planning. These tools may also have the potential for use in evaluating nutrition education activities; this potential will be enhanced by research into the capacity of these tools to identify changes within households over time as a result of nutrition education and their sensitivity and reliability in doing so.

Diet↗

An evaluation of educational requirements for community nurses treating dermatological patients.

In a questionnaire to community nurses treating dermatological patients, 14 out of 69 (20%) either treated children or gave advice to parents regarding childhood eczema, 35 (51%) treated adult eczema, 11 (16%) treated psoriasis, 55 (80%) treated leg ulcers, and 30 (43%) treated other dermatological problems. Specific questions regarding confidence to treat or educate were analysed in relation to the tasks being performed. All but 15% (8/55) treating leg ulcers were confident about their ability to apply four-layer bandaging. However, 8 out of 11 (72%) respondents treating psoriasis were not confident about their ability to treat scalp scaling, 11 out of 14 (79%) of those treating childhood eczema were not confident about applying body suiting, and 26 out of 36 (72%) of those treating eczema (any age), were not confident about ability to recognize infection as a cause or complication of dermatoses. The favoured educational modalities were visits to the local dermatology department (60/69, 87%), availability of a dermatology Nurse Practitioner or Liaison Nurse, or access to a hospital nurse-run dermatology clinic (both 44/69, 63%), or attendance at courses (36/69, 52%). Community nurses have an important role in treating and educating patients who may not require or be able to attend hospitals for treatment; they will achieve this best by provision of relevant locally based education, with allocation of adequate study time.

Adult↗

A demystification of the clinical nurse specialist role: perceptions of clinical nurse specialists and nurse administrators.

Differences of nurse administrators and clinical nurse specialists regarding components of the clinical specialist role were investigated. To be effective in facilitating the maximum use of the abilities of the clinical specialist, it is essential that nurse educators establish a data base about the clinical nurse specialist role from the perspective of employers and the clinical nurse specialists themselves. Subjects were 54 nurse administrators and 35 clinical specialists from a large metropolitan area. The results indicated that, generally, both groups were in agreement except for the research component. Administrators placed a higher value on research than did the clinical specialists. Both groups valued the clinical practice component with the clinical specialists tending to see themselves more heavily committed to direct specialized patient care than did the administrators. The educational component was also valued with the consultant function receiving the highest rating of all the functions surveyed. The administration component was valued least highly of all the components. It is recommended that nurse educators evaluate their educational endeavors in preparation of clinical specialists especially for research functions, and, also, consultation and those functions supportive of nursing staff.

Administrative Personnel↗

The AcCell series 2000 as a support system for training and evaluation in educational and clinical settings.

Providing effective training, retraining and evaluation programs, including proficiency testing programs, for cytoprofessionals is a challenge shared by many academic and clinical educators internationally. In cytopathology the quality of training has immediately transferable and critically important impacts on satisfactory performance in the clinical setting. Well-designed interactive computer-assisted instruction and testing programs have been shown to enhance initial learning and to reinforce factual and conceptual knowledge. Computer systems designed not only to promote diagnostic accuracy but to integrate and streamline work flow in clinical service settings are candidates for educational adaptation. The AcCell 2000 system, designed as a diagnostic screening support system, offers technology that is adaptable to educational needs during basic and in-service training as well as testing of screening proficiency in both locator and identification skills. We describe the considerations, approaches and applications of the AcCell 2000 system in education programs for both training and evaluation of gynecologic diagnostic screening proficiency.

Automation↗

AIDS education strategies: evaluating the fear response.

1. Despite educational interventions, evidence suggests that negative attitudes about AIDS risk persist among clinical hospital staff. In diverse study populations, associations have been found between psychosocial phenomena and on the job accidents and injuries. 2. This article describes a pilot study to explore whether fearful attitudes of clinicians contribute to the adverse behaviors of needlestick injuries and mucosal splashes. The authors sought to demonstrate whether desensitization therapy would be effective in reducing fear response. 3. A serendipitous finding of the study was that organizational and interpersonal conflict frequently provoked fear and anxiety responses. There is a continued need to examine the domain of AIDS related fears among clinical staff, as well as a need to seek a better understanding of this fear as part of the tensions of organizational dynamics in hospitals. 4. Occupational health nurses working in hospitals are in a unique position to uncover relationships among all types of incidents that may indicate fear and anxiety among clinical staff.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗