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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Application of multistate model to the analysis of relationship between cumulative occupational exposure and occurrence of disease].

The relationship between cumulative exposure and response used to be estimated by using the two state life table method. But since the occurrence of the response is related to the time factor after exiting exposure, this method may not provide correct description of this relationship. Based on multiple state model, this paper put forward a new method which modifies the effect of the time after exiting exposure on this relationship. The data from a cohort of 1113 underground male workers in a tin mine was taken as an example to illustrate the merit of this method.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Alpha radiation detection using silicon memory chips--preliminary studies.

Alpha radiation dosage is an important occupational health factor in the mining of uranium and mineral sands. Alpha radiation induced errors in the data of silicon based memory chips provide the foundation for a new type of sensor, with the potential for affordable and prompt measurement of personal alpha doses. With particular reference to Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAM) this paper introduces the operating principle of a memory based radiation sensor, which is the error mechanism in silicon integrated circuits.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[A plan for the medical prevention of pneumoconiosis in coal mining].

Some assumptions of a system of pneumoconiosis prevention for coal miners have been presented. An essential element of the system consists in replacing fluororadiograms with full-size X-ray pictures, as a method of primary selection. Provisions have been also made for promotion of the detection and treatment of chronic bronchitis and some other respiratory system diseases, along with obligatory spirometric tests. It is planned that the examinations will also involve pensioners. The current analysis of the collected information will be made using the electronic data processing.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiology of primary tumors of the pleura].

The authors briefly reviewed the literature concerning the risk factors for primary pleural tumors in humans. The results from the most relevant studies emphasize the fact that the large majority of mesotheliomas are associated with exposure to asbestos or asbestiform fibers. Exposure to asbestos is mainly through industrial use, and mesotheliomas result from occupational, para-occupational, or environmental exposure. Fibers of crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile appear to be, in descending order, more carcinogenic for pleural tissues. The authors summarize the available data on consumption of asbestos and asbestos-based products in Italy. The chrysotile-asbestos mine in Balangero (Piedmont) stimulated the industrial production of asbestos-cement; asbestos has been largely sprayed among shipyards and user for insulating railroad coaches and carriages. Italy had the greatest consumption of crocidolite in Europe, which was not banned until 1986. The authors discuss the major findings derived from descriptive epidemiological data presented in previous papers dealing with this issue. In addition, standardized mortality rates of primary pleural tumors for European countries are shown. A clearly increasing trend for mortality is observed in Italy, which has also the provinces with the highest mortality rates in Europe. Among Italian provinces, the mortality rates are consistent with the number of asbestosis cases receiving workman's compensation. The authors present the results of both cohort and case-control analytical studies performed in Italy, and provide suggestions for further research.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1991

Using routinely collected data for clinical research.

Clinical research involving prospective data collection in randomized controlled trials is not always feasible. Increasingly, hospitals are developing large clinical databases that are waiting to be mined. We have developed a computer program, ClinQuery, that facilitates such exploration and analysis. We have also shown in a series of studies that the use of clinical data is a powerful tool in health services research. In some cases, we have shown that coded data are inaccurate and that alternative clinical data are preferable. In other cases, a combination of clinical data and coded discharge diagnoses is preferable.

Boston↗
PubMed1992

Physician response to the United Mine Workers' cost-sharing program: the other side of the coin.

The effect of cost sharing on health services utilization is analyzed from a new perspective, that is, its effects on physician response to cost sharing. A primary data set was constructed using medical records and billing files from a large multispecialty group practice during the three-year period surrounding the introduction of cost sharing to the United Mine Workers Health and Retirement Fund. This same group practice also served an equally large number of patients covered by United Steelworkers' health benefit plans, for which similar utilization data were available. The questions addressed in this interinsurer study are: (1) to what extent does a physician's treatment of medically similar cases vary, following a drop in patient visits as a result of cost sharing? and (2) what is the impact, if any, on costs of care for other patients in the practice (e.g., "spillover effects" such as cost shifting)? Answers to these kinds of questions are necessary to predict the effects of cost sharing on overall health care costs. A fixed-effects model of physician service use was applied to data on episodes of treatment for all patients in a private group practice. This shows that the introduction of cost sharing to some patients in a practice does, in fact, increase the treatment costs to other patients in the same practice who remain under stable insurance plans. The analysis demonstrates that when the economic effects of cost sharing on physician service use are analyzed for all patients within a physician practice, the findings are remarkably different from those of an analysis limited to those patients directly affected by cost sharing.

Cost Sharing↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of 220Rn and 222Rn progeny levels in Canadian underground U mines.

Radon-222 and 220Rn progeny are found in some Canadian underground U mines. Because both can contribute to lung dose, their experimental determinations are important. The relationship between 222Rn progeny Working Level [WL(Rn)] and 220Rn progeny Working Level [WL(Tn)] has been investigated in U mines. Experimental measurements extended from 1981 to 1986 and consisted of about 700 measurements of each WL(Rn) and WL(Tn). The data were analyzed by standard linear and power-function regression analysis. A power-function relationship between WL(Rn) and WL(Tn) seemed to fit the experimental data best. The relationship obtained permits the calculation of WL(Tn) from experimental values of WL(Rn). The relationship is useful for lung-dose-calculation purposes and in mine-ventilation-engineering calculations.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2026

The Computational Revolution in Natural Product Research: A Data-Driven Roadmap for Next-Generation Drug Development.

Natural products (NPs) have historically provided the foundational scaffolds for drug development, yet traditional bioprospecting faces critical limitations: high rediscovery rates, laborious isolation workflows, and substantial attrition during clinical translation. The emergence of big data technologies is fundamentally transforming this landscape, enabling a shift from serendipity-based discovery toward systematic, data-driven approaches. This review examines how the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and multi-omics datasets is accelerating natural product research across three key domains: (1) genome mining for biosynthetic gene cluster identification using platforms such as antiSMASH, (2) cheminformatics-driven prediction of structure-activity relationships and ADMET properties, and (3) metabolomics-guided dereplication to prioritize novel bioactive scaffolds. We evaluate the convergence of genomics, metabolomics, and computational chemistry in enabling in silico lead optimization and the discovery of cryptic metabolites from previously inaccessible microbial taxa. While challenges in data standardization and scalability persist, the synergy between big data and NP research is accelerating clinical translation. Despite persistent challenges in data standardization, scalability, and equitable benefit-sharing, the convergence of big data and NP research is poised to redefine drug development. These advances position computational NP research as a cornerstone of next-generation drug development.

big data analytics↗
PubMed1994

Radon and health--an update.

BACKGROUND: The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) estimated in 1990 that radon causes 5 per cent of lung cancer in the United Kingdom. The estimate was not based on direct evidence. Since then a number of epidemiological studies have been reported. In addition, various policies have been formulated and some implemented, including the mounting of public campaigns to reduce radon in houses in parts of the United Kingdom. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature, policy documents and results of the campaigns has been undertaken. RESULTS: New data on miners support previous evidence that radon, at the levels found in mines, does cause lung cancer. The one study to add to the two previous case control studies looking at domestic radon tips the scales slightly towards radon being incriminated in homes as well. The effect of smoking, a multiplicative or additive risk with radon, is still unclear. Radon can be calculated to cause up to 383 lung cancer deaths per year in the five currently designated 'radon affected' areas. Approximately 287 of these deaths will be in cigarette smokers, and the most effective way for smokers exposed to radon to reduce their lung cancer risk is to stop smoking. CONCLUSION: Evidence of the risk from residential radon is still insufficient to justify the current NRPB advice. If it were, a much more effective radon campaign would be needed. Such a campaign would concentrate on reducing lung cancer in people by tackling both radon exposure and cigarette smoking, rather than simply reducing radon in houses.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1991

[Hygienic principles of work organization for coal miners with different health status].

Based on the original analysis of the data pertaining to labour routes and the peculiarities of job-placement in mines, the article summaries the hygienic principles for job-placement of coal-miners and provides classification criteria for labour routes in mines. An expert analysis is provided of 146 professions and occupations in coal-mining for workers with different health states and labour ability conditions.

Coal Mining↗
PubMed1989

Occupational health in the Negev: a model for regional planning.

In the Negev region of Israel, I tested a model approach to occupational health planning. This model included components assessing exposures, measuring adverse health outcomes, and evaluating health services. I analyzed employment survey data, compiled an exposure data base, and carried out site visits covering 10,707 employees (over 50% of the regional industrial work force). Site visits identified exposure hazards of inorganic and organic dusts, heavy metals, chemicals, pesticides, and noise. I identified elevated relative regional injury rates by Standard Morbidity Ratios (SMRs) in a variety of industries, including sixfold increases for mining and non-metallic minerals manufacture (SMR 6.8, 99% CI 6.1-7.7). Review of biological monitoring data suggested deficiencies in pesticide and heavy metals surveillance. A survey of primary care clinics estimated 13,707 cases of occupational injury and illness untreated by existing occupational medical services. Based on these findings, I formulated regional occupational health planning goals, including targeting high-risk industries for increased preventive activities. This regional approach, combining multiple measures of occupational health status, can serve as a model for assessing local public health planning needs.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy requirement of miners working in modern, highly mechanized coal mines].

It was established that under the conditions of modern highly mechanized coal mines, the miners' work refers mainly to the category of hard and particularly hard physical work. The data of energy losses obtained by indirect calorimetry and accurate calculation of the caloric value of the food taken and control of the body weight were found to be similar.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1995

Deaths and injuries caused by land mines in Mozambique.

Land mines in Mozambique are still causing death and injuries years after the initial dispute. Since 1980, 3400 people have had an amputation because of land mine injuries. However, there are no direct estimates of the number of deaths or casualties which are not treated in hospitals. In March, 1994, a medical team assembled by Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) conducted household surveys in the province of Manica and in the sub-district of Metuchira, province of Sofala. The object was to assess the frequency and severity of injuries and mortality caused by land mines in the civilian population. We found ratios of 8.1 and 16.7 casualties per 1000 living people in Manica and Metuchira, respectively. The prevalence of amputees was 3.2 per 1000 in Manica, and 2.3 in Metuchira. These figures are several folds higher than suggested by hospital data. The case fatality rate was 48%. Most of the victims were civilians (68%) and were injured by antipersonnel mines (81%). 16% of victims were women, and 7% were under 15 years of age. Our results suggest that the impact of land mines is substantially higher than originally thought.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Current progress and new or unrecognized risks in occupational respiratory pathology. Pneumoconiosis in coal miners. Epidemiologic and experimental approach].

In a brief historical review the author shows that the delayed recognition of coal miners pneumoconiosis as an independent nosological entity was mainly due to an insufficiently experimentally orientated approach before 1940. The principal characteristics of the french endemic are described: a slow decline in incidence yet a continued elevated prevalence, due to the increased life span of the sufferers; the late appearance of the first radiological manifestations, most often after the working life of a Miner; a disparity of the endemic levels between mining regions without the reasons being fully elucidated. Finally the principal lines of current research are recalled which take account of new data on epidemiology and modern dust analysis processes as well as information collected in man using recent biological techniques.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Incidence of pneumoconiosis in coal mines with different levels of mechanization].

2717 miners working more than eight years in four collieries have been examined. Two of those mines were mechanized, whereas in the other two the degree of mechanization was low. Anamnestic data and radiological examinations have been correlated with dust concentration, silica content and individual index of energy expenditure. Mechanization has been found to increase dustiness but it is not necessarily responsible for pneumoconiosis risk, the degree of the risk being dependent on the efficiency of dust prophylaxis. On the other hand, mechanization reduces physical effort and, consequently, lung ventilation, and so it may reduce the effect of excessive dustiness as well. Thus, pneumoconiosis risk due to mechanization is a resultant of several factors sometimes exhibiting opposite impact.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

A retrospective epidemiological study of morbidity at a large western copper smelter.

Smelter workers were compared with employees at the mine, concentrator and refinery in an attempt to discover if the smelter environment has an effect on morbidity. The data for the study consisted of weekly indemnity insurance claim forms. It was found that the refinery, rather than the smelter, had the highest percent of employees submitting claims. Other major comparisons of morbidity among the four plants also showed the refinery to be highest, with the smelter closer to the mine and concentrator. This pattern was found to hold for respiratory disease classifications as well as overall morbidity levels.

Humans↗