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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Implicit memory and its contribution to the rehabilitation of an amnesic patient: case report].

Even severe amnesic patients usually are able to learn new information using implicit memory strategies. In the present study we describe our experience in the rehabilitation of an amnesic patient who had suffered cerebral anoxia. He was taught to use a computer text editor, enabling him to sheltered work. The training program lasted 14 weeks and was based on errorless learning and drilling practice techniques. The patient succeeded in all tasks, even though he could not remember accurately the training sessions. These results meet previous studies which point out that interaction between implicit and residual explicit memory can provide a basis new learning in amnesic patients. The domain-specific knowledge acquisition is demonstrating effectiveness in neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain injured patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

EMS organizations.

Following is an updated listing of not-for-profit associations and organizations in emergency medical care and transportation. To qualify for inclusion, your organization must be pertinent to the field of EMS; be of sound reputation; and have a non-profit financial base. To be included in next year's listings, send relevant information to: Associations Editor, EMS, 7628 Densmore Ave., Van Nuys, CA 91406-2088.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1996

Desegregating health statistics and health research in South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims: (i) to re-examine the use and usefulness of categorisation based on 'race', ethnicity and 'population group' membership in public health research; and (ii) to assess the consequences of using these categories for describing, analysing and redressing disparities in health within South Africa. The utility of categorisation based on 'race', ethnicity and 'population group'. Categorising populations and comparing patterns of disease between different groups of people can be a useful technique for identifying potential causes of disease. In this context, ethnicity is a valid social concept that could be used to investigate the consequences of self-ascribed identity on health. Likewise, 'population group', as defined during apartheid in South Africa, represents a valid political concept that could be used for assessing the impact of social discrimination on health. However, both these concepts are often seen, and used, as euphemisms for 'race', even though there are no genetically distinct human subspecies that can be identified and categorised as discrete 'races'. Indeed, 'race' as a biological concept has no validity in human biology. Nevertheless, categories based on 'race', ethnicity and 'population group; continue to be used in health research, and reinforce the perception that differences in disease between different 'racial', ethnic and 'population' groups are the result of heritable biological characteristics. In so doing, they undermine support for health interventions that would otherwise address the social and political origins of 'racial' and ethnic disparities in health. The utility of 'population group' for redressing the consequences of apartheid. Despite these problems, 'population group' classification provides important information for assessing the impact of apartheid on disparities in health within South Africa. Yet, the abolition of apartheid legislation is likely to result in extensive socio-economic and geographical migration that will weaken the sensitivity and specificity of 'population group' as an indicator for identifying inequalities in health. For this reason, targeting corrective action at specific population groups in order to tackle disparities in health, runs the risk of ignoring alternative social causes of inequalities in health, and ignoring disadvantaged individuals from elsewhere in the population. The continued use of 'population group' classification might also perpetuate the root cause of disparities in health, by maintaining the process used to formalise discrimination. CONCLUSION: If the purpose of health research is to monitor inequalities in health and to help target resources aimed at reducing these inequalities, then it should seek, in its language, concepts and methods to undermine the root cause of disadvantage. Health research aimed at monitoring and redressing the consequences of social disadvantage on health should therefore focus on non-biological determinants of social disparities in health. As a general rule, health researchers should avoid using categories based on 'race', ethnicity and 'population group' when collecting and analysing health data; journal editors should not accept articles that use these categories without justification; and health authorities should not collect data routinely segregated by 'race', ethnicity or 'population group'.

Bias↗
PubMed2001

Guidelines and algorithms: strategies for standardization of referral criteria in diagnostic radiology.

Guidelines can be regarded as special forms of algorithms and have been shown to be useful tools for supporting medical decision making. With the Council Directive 97/43/Euratom recommendations concerning referral criteria for medical exposure have to be implemented into national law of all EU member states. The time- and cost-consuming efforts of developing, implementing, and updating such guidelines are balanced by the acceptance in clinical practice and eventual better health outcomes. Clearly defined objectives with special attention drawn on national and regional differences among potential users, support from organisations with expertise in evidence-based medicine, separated development of the evidence component and the recommendations component, and large-scale strategies for distribution and implementation are necessary. Editors as well as users of guidelines for referral criteria have to be aware which expectations can be met and which cannot be fulfilled with this instrument; thus, dealing with guidelines requires a new form of "diagnostic reasoning" based on medical ethics.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Developing a register of randomised controlled trials in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number, nature, site of publication, and feasibility of identifying randomised controlled trials relevant to primary care. DESIGN: Review of literature using three strategies: approaching journal editors, Medline search, and manual search of individual journals. SETTING: Journals containing publications of studies based in primary care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number, site of publication, and subject of trials identified. RESULTS: No journal had a system which enabled identification of all the randomised controlled trials it published. 266 trials relevant to primary care were identified from 110 different journals during 1987-91 by Medline. Of these, only 62 trials were published in primary care journals. Hand searching of seven major primary care research journals showed that between 13% and 38% of the trials had been missed by the Medline search. Of the trials identified, 47 (18%) were concerned with mental disease (including neuroses, tobacco misuse and alcohol misuse) and 43 (16%) were concerned with hypertension. CONCLUSION: Given the diversity of publication sources and topics, this supports the need for a centrally based register of randomised controlled trials that may be relevant to primary care overviews in the future.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

WEXTOR: a Web-based tool for generating and visualizing experimental designs and procedures.

WEXTOR is a Javascript-based experiment generator and teaching tool on the World-Wide Web that can be used to design laboratory and Web experiments in guided step-by-step process. It dynamically creates the customized Web pages and Javascripts needed for the experimental procedure and provides experimenters with a print-ready visual display of their experimental design. WEXTOR flexibly supports complete and incomplete factorial designs with between-subjects, within-subjects, and quasi-experimental factors, as well as mixed designs. The software implements client-side response time measurement and contains a content wizard for creating interactive materials, as well as dependent measures (graphical scales, multiple-choice items, etc.), on the experiment pages. However, it does not aim to replace a full-fledged HTML editor. Several methodological features specifically needed in Web experimental design have been implemented in the Web-based tool and are described in this paper. WEXTOR is platform independent. The created Web pages can be uploaded to any type of Web server in which data may be recorded in logfiles or via a database. The current version of WEXTOR is freely available for educational and noncommercial purposes. Its Web address is http://www.genpsylab.unizh.ch/wextor/index.html.

Internet↗
PubMed2003

Enhancing quality of retrieval through concept edit history.

The NCI Thesaurus is a public domain description logic-based terminology produced by the National Cancer Institute. The NCI Thesaurus is used to support storage and retrieval of scientific, clinical and research administration data. The content of the NCI Thesaurus evolves rapidly. We have developed a representation of concept change over time and have implemented software to capture concept change in our multi-editor concurrent vocabulary development environment. We are now implementing software to extend our vocabulary server, public APIs and our file-based distributions of the Thesaurus to provide access to the concept-level history information.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

From scissors to editors: how the evolution of precision is redefining therapeutic genome editing.

Since its introduction as a genome-editing tool, CRISPR-based technology has undergone rapid refinement, with precision emerging as a central focus of development. Early CRISPR-Cas9 systems demonstrated unprecedented ease and efficiency in targeting specific DNA sequences, but concerns over off-target effects and variable editing outcomes limited their broader application. This review outlines the progression of CRISPR from its discovery in prokaryotes to its application as a versatile tool in precision medicine, where it supports targeted therapies for genetic disorders in various ways. Although technical challenges, including off-target editing and delivery inefficiencies, persist alongside ethical considerations of accessibility and long-term consequences, CRISPR's ongoing refinements and innovations reflect a clear trajectory toward greater specificity, safety, and predictability, positioning CRISPR as an increasingly precise platform for both fundamental research and therapeutic use.

Gene Editing↗
PubMed2005

The "Generacion Diez" after-school program and Latino parent involvement with schools.

The current study examines associations between participation in after-school programs and change in Latino parent involvement with schools. Hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrated that parents of children who had higher after-school program attendance rates were significantly more likely to report increases in the quality of relationships with their children's teachers, frequency of parent-teacher contact, and engagement with their children's schooling over a two-year period. However, greater home educator contacts were related to decreases in quality and quantity of parent-school involvement. A primary implication is that attendance in school-based after-school programs may draw parents into children's regular-day school context. Editors' Strategic Implications The authors illustrate the promising practice of using after-school programs to promote parent involvement and to help integrate the often disparate family and school contexts for Latino children.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[The power of numbers].

The round figure for the current year has stirred people's minds in anticipation. Numbers have acquired great significance also in today's medical science. The Paris physician Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis (1787-1872) is considered the founding father of the numerical method in medicine. At first the principle of aggregating data from different individuals aroused much resistance and even disgust: Claude Bernard was a leading figure among those who warned that one will never find a mean in nature, and that grouping findings together obscures the true relationship between biological phenomena. True enough, statistical significance is not a characteristic of nature itself. Significant differences or risk reductions do not necessarily imply clinical relevance, and results obtained in a group of patients are rarely applicable to an individual patient in the consultation room. Likewise, the health of a human being cannot be captured in biochemical, radiological or other technical measures, nor in disease-specific scales that reduce well-being to one or two digits. The editors of this journal will remain keen on publishing numerical studies that contribute to evidence-based medicine, but at the same time they will continue to foster the art of reporting illness from the point of view of the sick person.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2000

[Publishing in biomedical journals in the year 2000 and after; report of a symposium].

On the occasion of the oration by prof. dr. A.J.P.M. Overbeke, executive editor of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, a symposium was organized on 16 June 2000. The lecturers were (chief) editors of medical journals. Many changes in medical publishing are to be expected in the next 10 years. The new technology will play an important part in this, but the details remain to be seen. Scientific journals can continue to exist in the electronic era if they produce legible, i.e. brief and clear articles in the printed version and offer extra information on the internet: details of methods used and statistical analyses and extensive tables. Also, the contributions of the various authors are printed. Not all, but only a few authors should make certain that the work described has indeed been performed and these would be responsible for the contents of the entire article. It appeared that the main part played by physicians in mass media is that of occasional informants. There still exist possibilities to use the media in distributing and supporting the messages of medicine and in elucidating the dilemmas. While 'archivist' journals mostly record scientific work presented, the task of the 'newspaper journals' consists of informing, interpreting, criticizing and stimulating. In this 'colouring' of the contents of the journal, the independence of the chief editors is of great importance. The innovations in medicine of the past century appear to be based mostly on the work of predecessors, of research physicians opposing established authorities, and on coincidence. The interval between discovery and publication has grown much shorter.

Authorship↗
PubMed2004

Creating the evidence base for quality improvement collaboratives.

Intensive efforts are under way to improve health care quality and safety throughout the United States and abroad. Many of these efforts use the quality improvement collaborative method, an approach emphasizing collaborative learning and exchange of insights and support among a set of health care organizations. Unfortunately, the widespread acceptance and reliance on this approach are based not on solid evidence but on shared beliefs and anecdotal affirmations that may overstate the actual effectiveness of the method. More effective use of the collaborative method will require a commitment by users, researchers, and other stakeholders to rigorous, objective evaluation and the creation of a valid, useful knowledge and evidence base. Development of this evidence base will require improved conceptions of the nature of quality problems, quality improvement processes, and the types of research needed to elucidate these processes. Researchers, journal editors, and funding agencies must also cooperate to ensure that published evaluations are relevant, comprehensive, and cumulative.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1999

Creative collaborations. Writers and editors.

Creativity, which the culture often depicts as a solitary enterprise, is almost always impacted or even dependent upon one or another aspect of a real relationship or an internalized object relationship. This paper utilizes the example of creative collaborations between writers and editors to illustrate aspects of co-creativity, co-construction, and mutual influence. It draws on Howard Gardner's observation, based on a series of biographical studies, that a creator during a time of artistic or intellectual breakthrough requires both an affective support system and a cognitive one. His observation echoes that of child researchers who emphasize that the contour of developmental lines depends not only on an internal dynamic but on interactions with significant others and on cultural and social influences as well. This paper describes both successful and problematic collaborations between writers and editors and demonstrates the strengths of such collaborations and some of their potential faultlines as well.

Creativity↗
PubMed2004

Views of Iranian medical journal editors on medical research publication.

OBJECTIVE: Medical journal editors play an important role in optimizing research publication. This study evaluates the views of Iranian medical journal editors, and their knowledge of medical publication standards. METHODS: In May 2001, 51 editors from all journals approved by the Ministry of Health were invited to participate, 27 of whom completed the study. A self-administered questionnaire, based on the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URMS) was used which consisted of 28 questions in 9 subject fields. These fields included: peer review, conflicts of interest, authorship criteria, publication ethics, duplicate publication, mass media, advertising, competing manuscripts, and the Internet. The knowledge of the editors was assessed by a scoring system, with a range of -46 to +44 points. RESULTS: Twenty-three of the participants were editors-in-chief and 4 were managing editors. Their average age was 47.3 +/- 8.7 years and 25 were male. All journals were peer-reviewed, most having 2 or 3 reviewers for each manuscript. Of the journals, 92.6% accepted or rejected an article on the basis of the views of most reviewers and 52%, sometimes or always, used a statistician as a reviewer. Most of the editors believed that writing the first draft and designing the study are authorship criteria, and most of them believed that these 2 are stated in URMS. Seven journals (25.9%) never published advertisements. Among journals that sold advertisements, the most popular policy (85%) was the rejection of advertisements because they advertised harmful products. Out of 27 journals, 12 were accessible on the Internet, and 7 had independent websites. Of the editors, 81.5% thought that a website is useful for their journal. The average knowledge score of the editors was 6.5 +/- 7.5. None had a negative score, 33% scored zero, 45% obtained average scores and 22% obtained good scores. CONCLUSION: The results show that peer review is favored by all the editors studied, though it seems that journals do not follow clear-cut policies in this regard. Most of the editors, agreed with the statements of URMS to some extent and generally most have average to high knowledge of URMS.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

CRISPR for cystic fibrosis: Advances and insights from a systematic review.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CFTR gene. Gene-editing approaches have the potential to correct such mutations. This systematic review outlines the mechanisms of the main CRISPR-based technologies, and, through cross-study comparisons, analyzes 27 research articles that applied them to target CF-causing variants. We report and discuss the strategy design, target cell selection, editing efficiency, prevalence of editing byproducts, and levels of CFTR functional restoration achieved in each work, with the aim of providing technical insights for further exploration of CRISPR-based gene-editing approaches. Our findings show that the F508del and W1282X mutations were the most extensively studied CF-causing variants, though over fifteen mutations were targeted overall. The majority of works under review explored the use of homology-directed repair or base editing, with a growing number of studies reporting efficient prime editing. Some studies tackled multiple individual mutations, compared different editors, or tested strategies across various models, while others focused on approaches that rescue CFTR function without directly correcting a mutation. Several works also proposed strategies that could address multiple variants with a single approach, while others highlighted technical difficulties in editing certain regions of the CFTR gene. This cross-study comparison also emphasizes the need for standardized reporting of editing efficiency and functional recovery, and stresses the importance of further single-cell RNA sequencing and in vivo studies to reach clinically relevant conclusions. As gene-editing techniques continue to evolve, and with over 60 ongoing CRISPR-based clinical trials, there is growing optimism for meaningful advancements in CF gene-editing therapeutics.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1993

An automatized computer-method utilizing Procomm Plus and DataEase (4.2) PC and SAS (6.06) mainframe software for isolated, perfused guinea-pig heart studies.

A powerful, time sharing and automatized method of a comprehensive data analysis for isolated, perfused guinea-pig heart studies is described. Data are collected using DataEase PC software (version 4.2) into forms with data fields specified for vital parameters consistently recorded in isolated, perfused heart studies (HR, CBF, PEAKPRESSURE, DPDT, MVO2). After running, DataEase reports the data and information is uploaded to an IBM 3081D mainframe computer on each day of heart experiment and data collection. The uploading process, the data archival and the statistical analyses are automatized by Procomm Plus commands written in Aspect Source Program (.ASP) Files for logging, data transforming and file management procedures. The ASPCOMP.EXE compiler compiles these .ASP files into Aspect Script eXecutable (.ASX) programs, which run on the PC in our laboratory and activate WYLBUR (IBM 3081D Batch-job service and Command file processor) edited files in the mainframe's electronic devices then upload, backup and save data into these files. SAS EXE files containing program instructions for the data analyzing system are then forced by Procomm Plus to operate over the data just uploaded. SAS reads the DATA files by its INFILE facility and performs comprehensive statistical analyses and produces hard output including graphics and JOB reports of dose-response- and logaritmic scale curves for delivery to team members. This computerized and automatized method developed for isolated, perfused guinea-pig heart studies is capable of performing multiple file transfer, sophisticated statistical analyses and graphic procedures after one keystroke on the PC (Alt-F5 in Procomm Plus section) and also facilitates a consistent and convenient method for planning, controlling and standardizing experiments. The method is based on an interactive computer conversation between the PC in the laboratory and the remote's WYLBUR editor. No human presence is needed; however, in case of failure, Procomm Plus gives one of the team members supervising the system a phone call in order to get human help.

Animals↗