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PubMed2002

Analysis of the structure of the AVR1-CO39 avirulence locus in virulent rice-infecting isolates of Magnaporthe grisea.

The AVR1-CO39 gene that came from a Magnaporthe grisea isolate from weeping lovegrass controls avirulence on the rice cultivar CO39. AVR1-CO39 was not present in the genome of the rice-infecting M. grisea isolate Guyll from French Guyana, suggesting that the gene had been deleted. Molecular analysis of the deletion breakpoints in the AVR1-CO39 locus revealed the presence of a truncated copy of a previously unknown retrotransposon at the left-hand border. At the right-hand border was a truncated copy of another repetitive element that is present at multiple locations in the genome of Guyll. The structures of avr1-CO39 loci were further examined in 45 rice-infecting isolates collected in Brazil, China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Mali, and the Philippines. Most isolates showed no hybridization signal with the AVR1-CO39 probe and had the same locus structure as Guyll. Some isolates from Japan showed a signal with the AVR1-CO39 probe, but the region specifying avirulence activity was rearranged. These findings suggest that widespread virulence to 'CO39' among rice-infecting M. grisea isolates is due to ancestral rearrangements at the AVR1-CO39 locus that may have occurred early in the evolution of pathogenicity to rice.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Violent events reported by normal urban school-aged children: characteristics and depression correlates.

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports data on the prevalence of morbid thoughts of death or injury and the experiences of violence for a sample of 6 to 12 year old urban school children and examines the relationship of these thoughts and experiences to the child's emotional health. METHOD: Fifty-seven of the sample of 223 children who attended the same inner-city school described violent events occurring to themselves, a relative or friend. All children were interviewed and assessed on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). RESULTS: Significantly higher CDRS-R sum scores, indicating the presence of suspected depression or of clinical concern, were recorded for the 57 children reporting experiences with violence. As well, the subgroup of 57 children were significantly more distressed by specific symptoms of low self-esteem, weeping, and worries about death or injury. CONCLUSIONS: Finding so many children reporting violent events occurring in their homes and community and that these children's experiences of violence were associated with emotional disturbances such as depression, dysphoric mood, low self-esteem, and excessive fears and worries about death or injury suggests the need for routine examination of the history of exposure to violence in the evaluation of inner-city children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Abnormalities of Purkinje cell arborization in brindled mouse cerebellum. A Golgi study.

The cerebellum of the hemizygous brindled mouse (MObr/y), a murine model of Kinky hair disease (KHD) in human beings, was investigated chronologically using the Golgi technique. In 15-day-old MObr/y, Purkinje cells showed considerable changes in their arborization such as perisomatic dendrite-like processes, numerous spine-like protrusions from somata and stem dendrites, focal swellings of stem and distal dendrites and generally poor development of dendritic trees. These changes closely resembled those of KHD. Similar changes except for the focal swellings of dendrites, could be found in control mice at day eight but never after day 12. In the MObr/y receiving intraperitoneal injections of cupric chloride (CuCl2) on postnatal (PN) days seven and ten, Purkinje cells appeared similar, if not identical, to those of controls at PN day 15. Focal swellings of dendrites transiently reappeared in treated animals after PN day 23 but spontaneously subsided by day 110. These results suggested that normal arborization of Purkinje cells in MObr/y is at least in part due to delayed maturation, which is correctable by cupric chloride (CuCl2) treatment. The "weeping willow" deformity, which characterizes Purkinje cells in KHD in humans were not observed in MObr/y. Because other neuronal populations, which are known to be deficient in KHD, appeared well preserved in the murine mutant, these dendritic deformities may be secondary to the loss of other neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Collagen sponge repair of small cerebrospinal fluid leaks obviates tissue grafts and cerebrospinal fluid diversion after pituitary surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak created at the time of transsphenoidal surgery typically involves placement of a fat, fascial, or muscle graft and sellar floor reconstruction. In this report, a simplified repair for small, "weeping" CSF leaks using collagen sponge is described. METHODS: All patients underwent an endonasal transsphenoidal procedure using the operating microscope. At the completion of tumor removal, if a small CSF leak was noted but no obvious large arachnoidal defect was present, a piece of collagen sponge was fashioned to cover the exposed diaphragma sellae. Titanium mesh was then wedged into the intrasellar, extradural space and a larger piece of collagen was placed over the reconstructed sellar floor. Nasal packing was removed within 24 hours. RESULTS: During an 18-month period, 62 consecutive transsphenoidal procedures were performed for tumor removal. Of 20 patients with a small CSF leak (18 pituitary adenomas, 1 Rathke's cleft cyst, and 1 chordoma), all had successful repair with collagen sponge. At follow-up examinations at 1 to 18 months, no patient had required a lumbar drain or had developed meningitis. One other patient had a large intraoperative arachnoidal defect that was unsuccessfully repaired with the collagen sponge technique; in this patient, a second operation was required with a fat graft, sellar floor reconstruction, and lumbar drainage. CONCLUSION: A simplified repair of small CSF leaks after transsphenoidal surgery using a two-layered collagen sponge technique with sellar floor reinforcement is thought to be safe and effective and obviates the need for tissue grafts, fibrin glue, or lumbar drain placement.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Freezing stress response in woody tissues observed using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and freeze substitution techniques.

The objective of the current research was to examine the response of woody plant tissues to freezing stress by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nonsupercooling species red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.), weeping willow (Salix babylonica L.), and corkscrew willow (Salix matsudana Koidz. f. tortuosa Rehd.) survived freezing stress as low as -60 degrees C. Cell collapse of ray parenchyma cells of these species was expected but did not occur. It was concluded that ray parenchyma cells of these species do not fit into either the supercooling or extracellular freezing classifications. Tissues from flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv "Starking III"), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muench.), and red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) were confirmed as supercooling species, and did not survive exposures below -40 degrees C. Ray parenchyma cells of these species did not collapse in response to freezing stress, as was expected. Cell collapse along the margins of voids were observed in bark of all seven species. Voids were the result of extracellular ice crystals formed in the bark during exposure to freezing stress. Tissues prepared by freeze substitution techniques were found to be adequately preserved when compared to those prepared by conventional fixation and low temperature SEM techniques. A freezing protocol for imposing freezing stress at temperatures lower than experienced naturally in the area where the study was conducted was developed that produced responses comparable to those observed in specimens collected in the field during natural freezing events.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Patient-reported morbidity following flashlamp-pumped pulsed tunable dye laser treatment of port wine stains.

Sixty-two patients with port wine stains completed a questionnaire related to their flashlamp-pumped pulsed tunable dye laser treatment. The treatment was well tolerated by the majority. Forty-eight per cent of patients experienced some weeping or crusting after treatment. The major cause of morbidity was protracted bruising following treatment, and this caused a significant restriction of activities in 45% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Double-blind comparison of amorolfine and bifonazole in the treatment of dermatomycoses.

A total of 232 patients with mycoses of skin folds, body, or feet were entered into a double-blind, parallel group-study. Therapy with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5% amorolfine cream or 1% bifonazole cream was randomly allocated to patients. The cream was applied once daily for 4 weeks on average. At screening, in 208 patients evaluated for efficacy, a total of 225 fungi were isolated: T. rubrum (77), T. mentagrophytes (65), other dermatophytes (15), C. albicans (34), other yeasts (26) and moulds (8). One to three weeks after ending therapy, the percentage of patients with negative cultures were as follows: 87.3, 91.7, 90.7 and 92.2% in the amorolfine cream 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% and bifonazole cream 1% groups respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. Six out of 223 patients evaluated for safety had local adverse events: one (1.7%), two (3.6%) and three (5.4%) in the amorolfine cream 0.125%, 0.25% and bifonazole cream 1% groups respectively. The most common local adverse events were burning and increased itching, erythema or weeping. A once-daily application of amorolfine cream can be recommended for the treatment of dermatomycoses on the basis of the results from this study. However, a further and similar study with a larger number of patients was required to select the concentration of amorolfine cream for therapeutic use.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1987

A new indoor allergen from a common non-flowering plant.

Ficus benjamina or weeping fig (w-fig) is one of the most common indoor non-flowering green plants in northern Europe. We have previously reported that occupational exposure to w-fig in plant keepers, both atopic and non-atopic, gives rise to IgE-mediated allergy with airway symptoms. About one-fourth of the plant keepers had become sensitized. We now report a study of sensitization in non-occupationally exposed persons comprising 395 patients, consecutively referred for allergological investigation, and 107 employees from two offices decorated with an abundance of w-figs. Of the patients, 56% were found to be atopic and more than half of them reported exposure to w-fig. Sensitization, as judged by a positive skin prick test and positive RAST, was found in 13 of the patients and in three of the employees. All of them suffered from rhinitis and/or asthma and were atopics and sensitized to one or several common allergens. We conclude that sensitization to w-fig is not uncommon and that in Sweden it is of the same magnitude as sensitization to the most common mould, Cladosporium herbarum. The risk that subjects with a genuine atopic constitution exposed to w-fig will become sensitized is about 6%. In approximately half of the patients the sensitization was considered to be clinically important.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Severe isolated allergy to Ficus benjamina after bedroom exposure.

Allergies to Ficus benjamina (Fb, weeping fig) have been described first as an occupational disease in plant keepers and later in clearly atopic subjects with known sensitizations to other inhalant allergens. We report a case of a hitherto nonatopic man with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, contact urticaria, and asthma caused by a Fb kept in his bedroom for 18 months. Rubbing and skin prick test with native fig leaves and sap, and RAST to Fb were clearly positive. No other sensitization could be detected. After eliminating his Fb, he became asymptomatic within a few months. This case shows that private close contact to Fb can also induce allergy even in hitherto nonatopic subjects. Therefore, Fb should not be kept in bedrooms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Allergy to the ornamental indoor green plant Tradescantia (Albifloxia).

We report on a 32-year-old atopic female office employee with a moderate tree pollinosis who also suffered from indoor-related perennial rhinoconjunctivitis. Once when she repotted her two ornamental nonflowering green plants of the genus Tradescantia (synonym; Albifloxia; family Commelinaceae), she immediately experienced itching of the face, throat, and conjunctiva; swelling of the lips; and dyspnea and wheezing. Skin prick tests with the leaves of Tradescantia (T. albifloxia and T. fluminensis) (Ta and Tf) were strongly positive as was the specific IgE to Ta leaves extract. On RAST inhibition studies, no cross-reactivity was found between Ta and Ficus benjamina (weeping fig), a nonflowering green plant, which produces, in its milky sap, an important respiratory allergen. Green plants should be considered potential indoor allergens and tested in plant-keepers referred for allergologic investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Allergic contact dermatitis to thiourea in a neoprene knee brace.

SUMMARY An elderly woman developed an itchy, weeping, erythematous, papular eruption, confined to the skin under her neoprene knee brace. Allergic contact dermatitis to diethylthiourea and to her neoprene knee brace were diagnosed by positive patch test reactions. Allergic contact dermatitis from thioureas may be underdiagnosed, as they are not tested as part of the standard patch test series. Clinicians are encouraged to consider this diagnosis in patients with reactions to synthetic rubber, especially neoprene.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Adaptation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens resulting in increased degradation of ryegrass cell walls.

This study investigated the long term adaptation of a ruminal bacterium to growth on four different plant cell wall substrates. No significant increase in degradation was detected for lucerne, barley straw or weeping lovegrass after 23 serial subcultures of the cellulolytic rumen bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens strain 17 on each of these substrates. Significantly increased substrate degradation by R. flavefaciens strain 17 was however observed after 23 subcultures on perennial ryegrass. The increase in dry matter solubilisation (from 24.3 to 39.5% in 24 h incubation and from 52.3 to 61% in 72 h) was at least partially due to an increase in solubilisation of xylose, glucose and arabinose. Enhanced growth of the adapted strains occurred on this substrate. Significant increases in xylanase and beta-xylosidase specific activities were detected but no effect was detected on xylanase profiles in zymogram analyses. Similar responses were observed for two cultures originally derived from single-colony re-isolates. The most likely explanation for the observed adaptation involves selection for mutations affecting the regulation of xylanolytic enzymes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Psychalgic depressive disorder: a descriptive and comparative study.

In this study 35 consecutive patients diagnosed as having psychalgic depressive disorder (PDD) who lacked sadness but presented with chronic pain have been described. The patients were mainly female, middle-aged and from an urban background. Pain, usually at multiple sites, was reported to be severe by most patients. Predominant depressive symptoms were lack of interest in surroundings (97%), although this was not directly reported, early morning awakening (91%), loss of appetite (100%), and suicidal ideas (66%). None had marked sadness or weeping spells. Lack of reactivity of mood was present in only 2 cases. These psychalgic depression cases were compared with a group of 30 patients diagnosed as having psychogenic pain disorder. PDD cases were significantly more often female, married, less educated, and from an urban background. Pain was significantly more intense and at multiple sites, as compared with the psychogenic pain disorder cases. Clinical outcome was better for PDD cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Allergic contact dermatitis from the newly introduced fungicide fluazinam.

In spring 1992, several farmers in the western part of The Netherlands developed dermatitis on their hands, forearms and face. In some, the legs, trunk and genitals were also affected. Complaints ranged from a mildly itchy, papular rash to a painful, weeping and blistering dermatitis. Medical aid was needed by 5/9 of them. Some of the farmers grew seed potatoes, the others cultivated lilies. All of them had in common that their complaints emerged after repeated application of a new fungicide over several weeks. The fungicide was Shirlan, with fluazinam as its active ingredient. 9 farmers were patch tested with a concentration range of the whole formulation (aq.) and of the active ingredient (pet.). In 7 of 9 farmers, positive patch tests were scored with both the whole formulation (down to 0.01% aq.) and fluazinam itself (down to 0.1% pet.). Patch tests in consecutive control patients (n = 10) were all negative. As it was impossible to substitute fluazinam as the active ingredient, farmers are now supplied with detailed information as to how to avoid skin contact as much as feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cartilage stresses in the human hip joint.

The total surface stress measured in vitro on acetabular cartilage when step-loaded by an instrumented hemiprosthesis are partitioned into fluid and cartilage network stresses using a finite element model of the cartilage layer and measurements of the layer consolidation. The finite element model is based on in situ measurements of cartilage geometry and constitutive properties. Unique instrumentation was employed to collect the geometry and constitutive properties and pressure and consolidation data. When loaded, cartilage consolidates and exudes its interstitial fluid through and from its solid network into the inter-articular gap. The finite element solutions include the spatial distributions of fluid and network stresses, the normal flow velocities into the gap, and the contact network stresses at the cartilage surface, all versus time. Even after long-duration application of physiological-level force, fluid pressure supports 90 percent of the load with the cartilage network stresses remaining well below the drained modulus of cartilage. The results support the "weeping" mechanism of joint lubrication proposed by McCutchen.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1995

A new Agrobacterium strain isolated from aerial tumors on Ficus benjamina L.

Crown gall tumors, collected from branches of 1-year-old weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) trees, yielded both tumorigenic and nonpathogenic agrobacteria. On the basis of classical diagnostic tests, the nonpathogenic strains were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, whereas the tumorigenic strains could not be assigned to any of the known terrestrial Agrobacterium spp. The tumorigenic strains also differed from other members of the genus by producing more acid from mannitol. According to cluster analysis of carbon substrate oxidation (GN Microplate; Biolog, Inc.) and fatty acid content, the tumorigenic fig strains were distinct from strains of A. tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Agrobacterium vitis, and Agrobacterium rubi. Furthermore, they had unusual opine metabolism, inducing tumors that synthesized nopaline and three recently discovered opines: chrysopine (d-lactone of N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine, and N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine, and N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-5-oxo-L-proline. The nonpathogenic A. tumefaciens strains present in the same tumors were unable to degrade any of the opines tested. The phylogenetic position of the tumorigenic fig strain AF3.10 was inferred from comparing its rrs (i.e., 16S rRNA gene) sequence with those from the type strains of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium species. The analysis showed that strain AF3.10 clustered with A. tumefaciens and A. rubi but not with A. vitis and was far removed from A. rhizogenes. However, the sequence was significantly different from those of A. tumefaciens and A. rubi to suggest that the tumorigenic fig strain may be a new Agrobacterium species that is as different from A. tumefaciens and A. rubi as these two species are from one another.

Arginine↗
PubMed1986

Bacterial infection and atopic eczema.

One hundred and ninety children with atopic eczema were studied prospectively for two and a half years. The mean period of observation was 13 months. Seventy six children (40%) had between them 164 episodes of exacerbation of eczema due to bacterial infection, and in 52 (32%) infection recurred within three months of a previous infection. Twenty five episodes (15%) led to admission to hospital. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered in 97% of episodes, in combination with beta haemolytic streptococci in 62%. Physical signs suggesting infection were pustules, crusting, and a weeping discharge, but these signs alone are not diagnostic, and an exacerbation was only attributed to infection if there was a response to anti-infective treatment. Exacerbation of atopic eczema due to bacterial infection is common, the physical signs of infection are not always clear, and there is a case for a trial of oral antibiotics in any child with troublesome atopic eczema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Dacrystic epilepsy.

We observed a 69 year old patient who had spontaneous paroxysmal attacks of weeping with lacrimation, contorted facies, and (usually) head-turning to the right. These episodes were followed by confusion and amnesia. During a pentylenetetrazol-evoked attack the EEG showed a right temporal delta rhythm. Atrophy, particularly of the right temporal regions, was noted on pneumoencephalography. We propose the term "dacrystic epilepsy" for this rare type of seizure disorder.

Aged↗