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Results for “WATER POLLUTION”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Partial least-squares near-infrared determination of hydrocarbons removed from polluted waters by using tanned solid wastes.

A new procedure has been developed for the determination of hydrocarbons retained in solid tanned wastes from polluted waters. The method uses near-infrared (NIR) transmission spectra obtained from leachates of the hydrocarbons with CCl4 using a partial least-squares (PLS) calibration model based on the use of mixtures of n-hexane, isooctane, and toluene diluted with CCl4. This methodology was applied to the evaluation of the absorption capacity of chrome shavings in water samples polluted with hydrocarbons, resulting in a maximum absorption capacity of 6.30 g hydrocarbons per g solid waste.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by aspiration of polluted water after nearly drowning].

A 21-year-old male nearly drowned in a reservoir by a traffic accident and he aspirated a large mount of polluted water containing Aspergillus fumigatus. On admission to our hospital, he was alert but cyanotic. Chest rentogenograms showed scatter infiltrative shadows in bilateral lung fields. We administered methylpredonizolon and antimicrobial agents immediately because of respiratory failure which was rapidly progressing. During the following six days, infiltrative shadows diminished but multiple nodular shadows in both lung fields appeared. The diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis was confirmed by serological and microbiological studies. Intravenous amphotericin B and oral itraconazol were administrated, and clinical improvement was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Investigation of the effect of polluted water in Song-hua River on the chromosome aberrations and SCE of inhabitants].

This investigation indicated that the chromosome aberration of lymphocytes in inhabitants influenced by mercury- or methylmercury-polluted water was higher than that in control persons although the difference was not significant; but the SCE of them was significantly higher than the control. Both endpoints had a tendency of decreasing with the distance away from the polluted river water. Smoking and age did not have any effect. It was suggested that the polluted river water by mercury or methylmercury compounds could have some cytogenetic effects, although other factors cannot be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between multiple antibiotic resistance and heavy-metal tolerance among some E.coli strains isolated from polluted waters].

Self-transmissible plasmids conferring multiple antibiotic resistance are wide-spread in coliforms populations. In soil and water, multiple antibiotic resistance is clearly associated with resistance/tolerance to heavy-metals (Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ca2+). For different genera the genes for heavy-metals resistance are often plasmid encoded. Since these genes are clustered on the same plasmids, heavy-metals and drugs are environmental factors which exert a selective pressure for the populations of these plasmid-harboring bacteria. The aim of this preliminary study was to find possible correlation between resistance genotype determined by genetic analysis and antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance patterns of 12 E. coli strains isolated from chronically polluted waters. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime and cefotaxime by standard disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer method following NCCLS recommendations. These antibiotics were chosen because of their wide-spread use and importance in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. MICs values of antibiotics and heavy-metals were determined by dilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth using an inoculum of about 1-2 x 10(8) CFU/ml. The concentration range for antimicrobials and heavy-metals salts (CuSO4, CdCl2, Co(NO3)2, Cr(NO3)3, HgCl2, NiCl2 and ZnSO4) was 0.06-64 [symbol: see text] g/ml, 0.5-256 [symbol: see text] g/ml respectively. Plasmid DNA was isolated from E. coli strains by an alkaline lysis. Genetic characterization was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric analysis. All strains are multiple antibiotic resistant, 16% of them being resistant to 3, 4 and 6 antibiotics, 32% to 5 and 8% to all 7 antibiotics, respectively. Multiple tolerance to high levels of Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ and Ni2+ was common among multiple antibioresistant strains. Screening for plasmids relieved the presence of several plasmids ranging from 3.8 kpb to more than 50 kpb. The phenotypic data shows the direct association between multiple antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance for E. coli strains in polluted water. Electrophoretic patterns analysis reflects the high incidence and diversity of analyzed plasmids.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1976

Effect of potential water pollutants and enzyme inhibitors on an automated rapid test for Escherichia coli.

The effect of selected potential inhibitors that may be found in water or wastewater on the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.5) from Escherichia coli was determined. Several classes of compounds inhibited the enzyme, but those expected to be most frequently encountered were the heavy metal ions, the phosphates, and possibly the sulfates. From the results, it was judged that these compounds should not adversely affect the routine usage of this enzyme in an automated rapid test for E. coli.

Carboxy-Lyases↗
PubMed2006

Agricultural land use and best management practices to control nonpoint water pollution.

In recent years, improvements in point-source depuration technologies have highlighted the problems regarding agricultural nonpoint (diffuse) sources, and this issue has become highly relevant from the environmental point of view. The considerable extension of the areas responsible for this kind of pollution, together with the scarcity of funds available to local managers, make minimizing the impacts of nonpoint sources on a whole basin a virtually impossible task. This article presents the results of a study intended to pinpoint those agricultural areas, within a basin, that contribute most to water pollution, so that operations aimed at preventing and/or reducing this kind of pollution can be focused on them. With this aim, an innovative approach is presented that integrates a field-scale management model, a simple regression model, and a geographic information system (GIS). The Lake Vico basin, where recent studies highlighted a considerable increase in the trophic state, mainly caused by phosphorus (P) compounds deriving principally from the intensive cultivation of hazelnut trees in the lake basin, was chosen as the study site. Using the management model Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS), the consequences, in terms of sediment yield and phosphorus export, of hazelnut tree cultivation were estimated on different areas of the basin with and without the application of a best management practice (BMP) that consists of growing meadow under the trees. The GLEAMS results were successively extended to basin scale thanks to the application of a purposely designed regression model and of a GIS. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows: The effectiveness of the above-mentioned BMP is always greater for erosion reduction than for particulate P reduction, whatever the slope value considered; moreover, the effectiveness with reference to both particulate P and sediment yield production decreases as the slope increases. The proposed approach, being completely distributed, represents a considerable step ahead compared to the semidistributed or lumped approaches, which are traditionally employed in research into tools to support the decision-making process for land-use planning aimed at water pollution control.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between nitrate contamination and ground water pollution potential.

AQUIPRO, a PC-based method, was used to assess aquifer vulnerability using digital water well logs. The AQUIPRO model is a parameter/factor weighting system for rating the pollution potential of an aquifer. This method uses the well depth, as well as the clay and partial clay thickness in a well, to generate pollution potential scores. In this model, aquifer protection increases as the AQUIPRO vulnerability scores increase and ground water pollution potential decreases. Computerized water well records of 2435 domestic wells with partial chemistry data were used to determine the ground water pollution potential of Kalamazoo County, Michigan. Theoretically, low AQUIPRO pollution potential scores should have more frequent occurrences of ground water contamination events than areas with high AQUIPRO scores with similar land-use, well construction, and well densities. The relative AQUIPRO scores were compared with the frequency of occurrences of nitrate-N in ground water wells. The average nitrate-N concentrations within each relative AQUIPRO vulnerability scores category were also compared. The results indicate that domestic wells containing 5 mg/L or more nitrate-N showed a positive correlation between the frequency of occurrences of nitrate-N and relative decrease of AQUIPRO (r2 = 0.99) vulnerability scores. In other words, as the ground water pollution potential increases, the occurrence frequency of nitrate-N also increases. Furthermore, the results show that as the relative AQUIPRO (r2 = 0.96) vulnerability scores decrease, the mean nitrate-N concentrations also increase.

Databases, Factual↗