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PubMed1989

The effectiveness of an interactive videodisc qualitative assessment training program.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of an interactive videodisc motor skill assessment training program on the development of preservice and inservice teachers' qualitative assessment proficiency on two motor skills: the overhand throw and catch. Twenty-seven preservice and 27 inservice physical education teachers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: interactive videodisc (IVD), teacher-directed (TD), or self-directed (SD). Motor skill qualitative assessment accuracy was evaluated on a pre- and post-test basis using a 50-item motor skill assessment accuracy test (10 performances rated on 5 components) for each skill. Analysis of covariance results indicated significant main effects for treatment for both skills. Post hoc tests revealed that for the overhand throw, the IVD and TD groups were superior to the SD group but not different from each other. For the catch, the IVD group was found to be superior to both the TD and SD groups. These findings are discussed in relation to the advantages of interactive videodisc in terms of efficiency and user independence and with comparable findings in other educational applications.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Innovative interactive videodisc units for teaching of pathology laboratory cases. Five years' experience.

Seven computer-assisted interactive videodisc instruction units, based on laboratory cases in the General Pathology course for first-year medical students, were developed. Images from the laser videodisc Slice of Life, contributed previously by one of the authors, and the program "Hypercard stack 2.1" were used to develop these units to provide students with interactive software for independent supplemental review of the laboratory cases studied in the course. With the dual-screen system developed, specific picture frames from the videodisc are retrieved on one screen while the other screen displays the corresponding text. The seven units include two units each on cell injury, inflammation, and neoplasia, and one on opportunistic infections. Each unit contains several case studies, each of which consists of the following: a clinical profile, gross pictures and description of the tissue removed, sequential photomicrographs at successively higher magnifications from various fields of tissue slides and their descriptions, comparison with normal histology of the organ involved, interpretation of the observations and comments, final diagnosis, and a quiz. The histopathologic features are specifically emphasized with programmed, computer-generated pointers to indicate specific cells or structures on the images. Each case also contains a glossary to define terms not familiar to first-year students. Although no comparative performance data are available, evaluation of the units obtained from nine terms of use in the last 5 years indicates that these units are extremely valuable supplemental tools for students for independent review of the laboratory cases.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1996

An interactive videodisc program for low back pain patients.

Decisions about back pain treatment are often made in the presence of both physician and patient uncertainty. Therefore, we developed a computerized, interactive video program to help patients make informed decisions about undergoing low back surgery. Program development was guided by the shared decision-making model, a comprehensive literature synthesis, information from administrative databases, and focus groups of patients and physicians. Core segments are tailored to each patient's age and diagnosis; and include a narrative, excerpts from patient interviews, animated graphics illustrating spinal anatomy, and tabular summaries of the benefits and risks of both surgical and non-surgical treatment. As part of a multifocal information dissemination effort, interactive videodiscs were placed in five medical facilities in two Washington State counties. Patients (N = 239) who viewed the video program completed short evaluation forms. The majority rated the video's understandability (84%) and interest (64%) as very good or excellent. Most patients felt the amount of information provided was appropriate (75%) and over half (56%) believed the discussion of surgical versus non-surgical treatment was completely balanced. Fewer patients (17%) remained undecided about therapy after watching the program than before (29%). We conclude that interactive videodisc technology offers substantial promise as a means of involving patients in their own medical decision making.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Using interactive videodiscs to teach gross anatomy to undergraduates at the Ohio State University.

To determine whether interactive-videodisc lessons can effectively replace some of the labor-intensive laboratories in human gross anatomy, pre-nursing and allied-medical-professions undergraduates at The Ohio State University were randomly assigned to either a traditional cadaver-demonstration lab or an interactive-videodisc computer lab covering the same material. In a one-unit pilot study in the autumn quarter of 1989 (involving 190 students) and a full-quarter course in the spring quarter of 1991 (283 students), the performances of the computer-lab students were not significantly different from those of the students in the traditional cadaver-demonstration-lab groups.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of a videodisc system with a conventional film file for medical student teaching.

PURPOSE: The authors assessed the effectiveness of a videodisc film file compared with a conventional film file for teaching radiology to medical students. METHODS: Fourth-year medical students (N = 134) studied 116 cases selected from the American College of Radiology Learning File. Half the students studied 58 skeletal cases using conventional films and half studied the same cases on a videodisc system. Student groups were then switched and those who studied skeletal cases on films studied 58 chest cases on videodisc and vice versa. Students received the same skeletal and chest tests and completed a questionnaire. RESULTS: For both skeletal and chest radiology, students studying films scored minimally higher than students using the videodisc. Students rated films superior to the videodisc for amount learned, convenience of use, and ability to detect lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional film and videodisc methods resulted in similar levels of learning; however, students perceived conventional films to be a superior learning experience.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1993

Educational efficacy of computer-assisted instruction with interactive videodisc in radiology.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To create a robust, functional computer-assisted instruction (CAI)-videodisc program and to demonstrate its educational efficacy. METHODS: After creating a CAI-videodisc program in skeletal radiology for a two-screen Macintosh system, 36 medical students and 162 radiology residents entered a controlled study with paired pre- and posttests. Subjects also compared CAI-videodisc with other educational media. RESULTS: Medical students using the CAI-videodisc improved their mean pre- and posttests. Subjects also compared CAI-videodisc with other educational media. RESULTS: Medical students using the CAI-videodisc improved their mean pre- and posttest scores from 50.9 to 70.9 (P < .001, control group scores 50.1 and 50.6) and residents (using a different test) improved from 45.4 to 70.9 (P < .001, control group scores 49.6 and 46.1). Medical students and residents favored CAI-videodisc over teaching files, textbooks, videotapes, and slide-audiotapes. CONCLUSIONS: A functional CAI-videodisc program was created and demonstrated to be educationally effective.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1995

Patient reactions to a program designed to facilitate patient participation in treatment decisions for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Patients often want considerable information about their conditions, and enhanced patient participation might reduce unwanted practice variation and improve medical decisions. The authors assessed how men with benign prostatic hyperplasia reacted to an education program designed to facilitate participation in decisionmaking, and how strongly ratings of their symptom state and the prospect of complications predicted their treatment choice. A prospective cohort study was conducted in three hospital-based urology practices: two in prepaid group practices, and one Veterans Administration clinic. Four hundred twenty-one men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia without prior prostatectomy or benign prostatic hyperplasia complications were enrolled, and 373 provided usable ratings. Subjects participated in an interactive videodisc-based shared decisionmaking program about benign prostatic hyperplasia and its treatment options, prostatectomy, and "watchful waiting." They rated the length, clarity, balance, and value of the program and were followed for 3 months to determine if they underwent surgery. Patients rated the program as generally clear, informative, and balanced. Across all three sites, 77% of patients were very positive and 16% were generally positive about the program's usefulness in making a treatment decision. Logistic models predicting choice of surgical treatment documented the independent importance of negative ratings of the current symptom state (odds ratio 7.0, 95% confidence interval 2.9-16.6), as well as the prospect of postoperative sexual dysfunction (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.48) in decisionmaking. Patients rated the Shared Decisionmaking Program very positively and made decisions consistent with their assessed preferences. These results suggest that patients can be helped to participate in treatment decisions, and support a randomized trial of the Shared Decisionmaking Program.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Podcasting in nursing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computers, Handheld↗
PubMed1991

Neurosurgery image manager.

Computer technology has become standard in many areas of medical practice, but computer-assisted instruction has not replaced standard textbooks and didactic lectures. This paper describes the development of a computer image-based educational system designed for neurosurgical instruction. The advantages and applications of this system for both clinical and academic use and the required software and hardware requirements are delineated. This computerized tutorial can organize and manipulate large amounts of data. The Neurosurgery Image Manager system contains an introductory help section, a self-assessment test in neurosurgery, and a data base of images from the video disc "The Slice of Life," produced at the University of Utah. Questions are taken from the Self-Assessment in Neurological Surgery series. Additionally, the system contains a reference index for all material in the tutorial, a scored clinical problems section, and a several hundred word glossary. The system is programmed using the Macintosh Hypercard authoring system. Large data bases can be manipulated and linked with graphics, text, and peripherals. Images are stored using the MacVision II digitizing system. The hardware necessary to operate the system and the method of implementation of Neurosurgery Image Manager are described. The prototype Neurosurgery Image Manager has been accepted by the Joint Committee on Education of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons as one of the computer formats for the next self-assessment tests.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1995

Indocyanine green videoangiography of idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

PURPOSE: To identify the precise choroidal abnormalities associated with idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV), patients with IPCV were examined with indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography. METHODS: Twelve patients with IPCV were examined using standard clinical, fluorescein, and ICG videoangiographic techniques. RESULTS: Indocyanine green videoangiography showed two basic choroidal vascular changes: a branching network of vessels in the inner choroid, and vascular dilations at the border of the network of vessels. The vascular dilations appeared to be associated with the exudative and hemorrhagic manifestations of IPCV. CONCLUSION: The choroidal vasculopathy seen in IPCV is distinct from the changes seen in other choroidal abnormalities. Recognition of these changes aids in diagnosis and patient management, since the clinical implications of IPCV differ from those of other similar entities.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Helping patients decide about back surgery: a randomized trial of an interactive video program.

STUDY DESIGN: A randomized trial of 100 patients with low back pain who were potential surgical candidates. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether an interactive videodisc with a booklet is superior to a booklet alone for informing patients about back surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Substantial geographic variation has been observed in lumbar spine surgery. Informed patient preferences should play an important role in decisions about surgery. However, little is known about optimal strategies for informing patients. METHODS: Subjects were randomized to receive an interactive videodisc (with a booklet) or a booklet alone. A knowledge test administered at baseline and follow-up was used to measure improvement in knowledge about treatment options for lumbar spine problems. Patients' reactions to the videodisc and booklet and preferences for treatment were also assessed. RESULTS: The patients' knowledge improved after exposure to either intervention. Multivariate analyses adjusted for baseline score, age, education, gender, and diagnosis showed a significant advantage for the videodisc with booklet over the booklet alone. The videodisc-booklet group showed significantly greater gains in knowledge among subjects with the worst baseline knowledge scores. A larger proportion of subjects in the videodisc-booklet group rated the materials easy to understand (93% vs.- 72%,P = 0.04), containing the right amount of information (93% vs.- 80%,P = 0.3), and adequate to assist in choice of treatment (75% vs.- 51%,P = 0.2). Those who viewed the videodisc expressed a somewhat lower preference for surgery than those who received the booklet alone (23% vs.- 42%,P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Both the booklet alone and the combination of videodisc and booklet improved knowledge. The combination produced greater knowledge gains than the booklet alone for the subgroup with the least knowledge at baseline. Patients preferred the combination and had a slightly lower preference for surgery if they had viewed the video presentation. For some patients, the video may enhance involvement in clinical decisions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer technology: implications for nurse educators.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss implications of computer technology for nursing education. Effects of computer anxiety and strategies to minimize them are presented. Computer assisted instruction (CAI) and interactive videodisc (IVD) are alternative instructional strategies for content dissemination and learning enhancement. Faculty must be cognizant of design factors facilitating usage when selecting programs. Issues of privacy, confidentiality, information security, and impact on nursing practice have risen with increased computer usage.

Attitude to Computers↗