Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “USSR”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Reliability of statistics on violent death and suicide in the former USSR, 1970-1990.

The stability of the relationship between trends of violent deaths as a whole, suicides and death from undetermined causes was assessed by quantitative methods for the whole former USSR in the years 1970-1990 and for each of the 15 republics in the former USSR for the years 1984-1990. Semi-structured interviews during 1989-1996 were performed with 12 professionals involved in the diagnosis and coding of causes of death in the Baltic states and Russia. The quantitative analyses showed that mortality data were reliable for the Slavic (Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus) and Baltic (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) republics, and also for Kazakhstan, Kirgizia and Moldova. The Central Asian and Caucasian republics showed greater variation in trends and ratios, indicating a need for further investigations of the reliability of suicide statistics in these regions. It emerged from the interviews that no instructions to falsify data were given. The only instructions given were to treat the data on suicide and murder as 'top secret'. None the less, certain classification errors might arise in the statistics. The diagnosis 'undetermined cause of death' was permissible only as a preliminary diagnosis for 14 days, and there was a risk of criticism for poor-quality work if too many deaths were classified as being due to undetermined causes. Misclassifications could also occur in cases where there was a wish to conceal murder. Negative attitudes towards suicide, especially in Muslim regions, where suicide is taboo, might also have contributed to under-reporting of suicide.

Homicide↗
PubMed2006

External radiation in Dolon village due to local fallout from the first USSR atomic bomb test in 1949.

Dolon village, located about 60 km from the border of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, is known to be heavily contaminated by local fallout from the first USSR atomic bomb test in 1949. External radiation in Dolon was evaluated based on recent 137Cs data in soil and calculation of temporal change in the fission product composition. After fitting a log-normal distribution to the soil data, a 137Cs deposition of 32 kBq m-2, which corresponds to the 90th-percentile of the distribution, was tentatively chosen as a value to evaluate the radiation situation in 1949. Our calculation indicated that more than 95% of the cumulative dose for 50 y had been delivered within 1 y after the deposition. The resulting cumulative dose for 1 y after the deposition, normalized to the initial contamination containing 1 kBq m-2 of 137Cs, was 15.6 mGy, assuming a fallout arrival time of 3 h and a medium level of fractionation. Finally, 0.50 Gy of absorbed dose in air was derived as our tentative estimate for 1-year cumulative external dose in Dolon due to local fallout from the first USSR test in 1949.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1976

[Functional morphology of vessels in the distribution of the pulmonary circulation of people adapted to the Northeast USSR].

Studies of the contrasted vessels of the lungs in practically healthy men who had lived in the north-eastern region of the USSR over 3 years and who had died of casual causes in Magadan were carried out by stereoroentgenogrammetry and morphometry. The studies revealed a rearrangement of the distribution arteries of the lesser circulation according to the hypervolemic type: a reliable dilatation of the lumen, thinning of the walls of the right pulmonary artery, superlobar trunk, branches of the segmentary arteries of the superior and middle lobes of the lung. The pronounced desorganization and perish of elastic laminae in the wall of the stretched arteries were compensated by the appearance of layers of the smooth muscles -- by the so-called hypermuscularization of arteries of the elastic type. The enlarged capapcity and intensification of the blood flow in the arteries of the superior and middle lobes of the lung represented an important mechanism of adaptation of the lesser circulation in man under extreme climatic conditions in the north-eastern region of the USSR.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chernobyl radionuclides outside the boundaries of the USSR. The European continent].

The reports on radiation sequels of Chernobyl disaster outside the country are scanty in the USSR. The present paper meets the lack, reporting the scale and the nature of the radioactive fall-outs outside the USSR. The analysis is made of possible radiological consequences of such fall-outs and the preventive measures taken by the governments of some European countries.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new type of pleurocercoids in the genus Diphyllobothrium from smelts in the Far East of the USSR].

The research has demonstrated that 35.8% of Hypomesus pretiosus Girard and 55.9% of Osmerus eperlanus dentex Steindachner in various regions of the Far East of the USSR (Khabarovsk and Primorye territories and Sakhalin) are affected by diphyllobothriid larvae of a hitherto unknown type, indicated as the G type. Parasites are localized on the internal organs of a intermediate host such as esophagus, stomach, liver and genital organs. Diphyllobothriid larvae of the G type do not invade man, thus the indicated fishes are not epidemiologically significant in spreading diphyllobathriasis among the population in the Far East of the USSR.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Screening of sera from the adult populations of some USSR regions for antibodies to the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)].

The results of serologic survey of 4118 residents of the USSR Far East from 16 to 82 years of age and 1037 blood donors for antibody to HTLV-I by the method of passive agglutination of gelatin particles coated with viral proteins are summarized. The portion of HTLV-1 seropositive subjects in the Khabarovsk Territory was 1.79% (25 out of 1391), in the Maritime Territory 2.2% (18 out of 801), in the Sakhalin Island 1.6% (26 out of 1557), and in Kamchatka 1.6% (6 out of 369). A discrete area of a higher number of positive cases was found among Nivkhi national group in the village of Nogliki in the Sakhalin Island: 6.4% (10 out of 155). In women, antibody to HTLV-1 was found twice as frequently as in men. Seropositives to HTLV-1 among blood donors in Moscow, the town of Komsomol'sk-na-Amure, and the town of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk comprised 1.4%, 1.6%, and 5.45%, respectively. The occurrence of HTLV-1 infection among the normal population of the Far East and especially among blood donors attests to the expedience of wider seroepidemiological surveys of the population and especially donors for HTLV-I infection in other regions of the USSR as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Spontaneous tumors in rats bred at the N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of Health].

The paper discusses spontaneous tumor profile in albino rats bred at the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of Health (1981-1984). The overall incidence of tumors and that of malignant ones were shown to be 27.2 and 12.5%, respectively, in males and 47.4 and 16.4%, respectively, in females. Pituitary and hemopoietic tumors most frequently occurred in males (67%). Female rats most often revealed tumors of the pituitary, breast and hemopoietic system (90%). On the whole, the tumor profile proved identical in the animal population studied and that of Rappolovo farm of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. However, infection resistance in the former population was superior.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy and food stuff requirements and actual nutrition of foreign students studying in the USSR].

The actual nutrition of students of the Patrice Lumumba University of Peoples' Friendship, who had come to the USSR from different countries of the world, was investigated during their studies. Insufficient content of vegetable proteins and fats, Ca and vitamin C, as well as low carbohydrate level were detected in the food of students from all the continents, except for Asia. No significant difference was observed between the energy providing with food and its consumption by the students. The data obtained have been used for validation of the rational nutrition for foreign students studying in the USSR.

Energy Intake↗
PubMed1993

Psychiatric hospitalization of immigrants to Israel from the former USSR: assessment of demand in future waves of immigration.

In the years 1970-1990 approximately half a million immigrants from the former USSR arrived in Israel. Experts predict that new waves of immigration are likely to happen. This paper presents an attempt to forecast the need for appropriate psychiatric services in future waves of immigration. The study compares hospitalization patterns of immigrants arriving in Israel between 1972-1980 with those arriving in 1990. The rates of admission were compared to the rates for Israelis in the specified periods and an estimate for the future need for psychiatric services was calculated. The central finding in this study was that former Soviet immigrants were admitted to psychiatric hospitals within the first year of their arrival at a higher rate than Israelis in the 1970s and in 1990. In the 1970s the admission rate for immigrants was 33 per 10,000, while the rate for Israelis was 20 per 10,000. In 1990 the admission rate for immigrants was 31 per 10,000, while the rate for Israelis was 20 per 10,000. The forecast for the next years is for 320 first admissions within a year after arrival for every 100,000 immigrants. Planning for new waves of immigrations from the former USSR should therefore include a serious consideration of the provision of appropriate psychiatric services.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Documented homicides and excess deaths: new insights into the scale of killing in the USSR during the 1930s.

"Getty, Rittersporn and Zemskov recently claimed that no more than 2 million people could have perished from collectivization, famine, execution, terror, and forced labor in the USSR during the 1930s. Prior demographic confirmation of this estimate was provided by Anderson and Silver who contended that killings were unlikely to exceed a few million and could not be more than 4.8 million victims. This essay disproves both these contentions by introducing new demographic evidence proving that Stalin killed at least 5.2 million Soviet citizens 1927-1938, with a best estimate in the vicinity of 10 million."

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1984

Interethnic marriages in the USSR in the mid-1930s.

"The present article will attempt to determine the extent of interethnic marriage in the Soviet Union in the mid-1930s, utilizing materials from the Central Statistical Administration of the USSR." Interethnic marriage is analyzed according to Union Republic, rural or urban area, and socioeconomic and cultural development.

Culture↗
PubMed1982

Differences in language retention between males and females in the USSR, 1970.

"Among certain ethnic groups in the USSR, males and females have different levels of retention of the native language. Male and female levels vary inside and outside the home territory depending on the general strength of the language, ethnic rights in the place of residence, and migrant versus non-migrant status. Additional distinctions correspond to cultural divisions, principally Moslem versus non-Moslem."

Communication↗
PubMed1983

The basic framework of settlement of the USSR: origins and configuration.

The concept of a basic framework of settlement consisting of the largest cities in the USSR is developed. "The present framework shaped by cities over 100,000 and by cities over 500,000 is analyzed in terms of clusters of concentration and outlying centers. Changes in the framework over time are discussed in terms of varying sets of the 50 largest cities in various stages over the last 80 years."

Demography↗
PubMed1983

A sociodemographic typology of middle-level regions in the USSR.

"Oblast-level regions of the USSR are grouped and mapped in nine types and a number of subtypes to reflect a combination of demographic factors: level of urbanization, urban and rural population growth, and population density. The typology can be used to devise sets of spatially differentiated measures to carry out a demographic policy and to regulate the sociodemographic evolution of regions."

Demography↗
PubMed1983

Demographic characteristics of settlement and a demogeographic regionalization of the USSR.

"An approach to the delimitation of demogeographic regions in the USSR is proposed and a network of 27 regions is developed and mapped." Geographical differences in population reproduction, structure, and migration at various territorial levels are examined. Data are provided on changes in urban population between 1959 and 1979; total, urban, and rural population growth during that period; total and rural population density in 1979; and rates of natural increase as of 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1974.

Demography↗
PubMed1987

Settlement in large cities of the USSR: an analysis of effectiveness (a review article).

"The issue of the effectiveness of large cities as forms of settlement remains a lively topic of debate in the USSR. Categorizing the issue into three aspects--economic, ecological and social--this paper reviews the arguments pro and con. Although the author makes a conscientious effort to reflect all points of view, a tone favoring the development of big cities appears evident in the discussion."

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Geographical and economic determinants of interregional migration in the USSR, 1968-1985.

"Interregional migration results in a regional redistribution of labor, essential under the current mismatch between the locations of labor and of natural resources and industrial capacity in the USSR. This study focuses on economic and geographical determinants of destination choice of migrants from 1968 through 1985. Particular emphasis is placed upon the relative effects of economic variables and quality of life factors and on the effect of gravity variables (i.e., distance and population size). The statistically significant results for the economic and gravity variables indicate the appropriateness of using Western theories to analyze migration in the Soviet context."

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological transition in the USSR as mirrored by regional differences.

The epidemiological transition in the USSR is examined, with a focus on differences among the constituent republics. "Means of comparative analysis of mortality structure by causes of death are proposed and by these means the lag of [the] Soviet Union behind the U.S. and Sweden as well as some Soviet republics behind others is described. It is shown that the main reason [for] this lag is the lower age of death from the causes characteristic of [the] new type of pathology (circulatory diseases, cancer) though in the more backward regions the causes of death which are characteristic of the old type of pathology keep their importance too." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND ITA)

Age Factors↗