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PubMed1978

Transfer factor and possible applications in gynecology.

Dialyzable transfer factor (TFd) is reviewed against its historical background, preparation methods, physiochemical properties, possible mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and clinical studies, including several areas relating to gynecology. The possible role of TFd as an adjunct in the treatment of cancer is discussed. The discussion centers on gynecologic cancer in several patients who have received TFd. The difficulties and future possibilities for this modality of treatment are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Transfer factor as an approach to the treatment of immune deficiency disease.

Use of transfer factor in the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is discussed. The clinical experience in treating 2 patients with different clinical expressions of the syndrome and their different responses to treatment with repeated injections of transfer factor given in conjunction with amphotericin-B are reported. Results indicate that this form of therapy is a safe and effective way of restoring cell-mediated immunity to Candida and successfully treating some patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1979

Transfer factor and hepatitis B: a double blind study.

A prospective, double blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out on twenty-nine patients with hepatitis B. Thirteen received transfer factor and sixteen placebo. There were no significant differences between the two groups in any clinical or laboratory measurements made, although a rapid early reduction of serum aspartate transaminase levels by transfer factor is possible. Similarly, no significant changes were delineated by the in vitro measurements of lymphocyte function. Transfer factor did not alter the natural course of hepatitis B.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Transfer factor: hypoxanthine is a major component of a fraction with in vivo activity.

Transfer factor was prepared from the leukocyte lysates of four donors with known skin test reactivity. After ultrafiltration and double-gel filtration on polyacrylamide gels, fraction IV of the preparation was found to have biologic activity. This fraction contained one major and occasionally one minor ultraviolet-absorbing and zero to one ninhydrin-detectable spots on thin-layer chromatography. The major ultraviolet spot was identified as hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine was demonstrated to be responsible for the high 260 nm/280 nm ratio of preparations with biologic activity in vivo. It was not determined if hypoxanthine is required for transfer factor activity. In addition, an orcinol-negative preparation also had biologic activity.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1978

Long-term transfer-factor treatment for multiple sclerosis.

In groups of 16 patients with multiple sclerosis, 13 months' double-blind treatment with transfer factor from random normal donors differed from placebo treatment only in producing a temporary restoration of lymphocyte reactivity to measles virus antigen, and did not arrest the degeneration of nerve tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Conversion of reactions to leprolin and lepromin in patients with lepromatous leprosy by the transfer factor.

Conversion of leprolin and early lepromin reactions was achieved by two injections of transfer factor made of lymphocytes from lepromin-positive tuberculoid leprosy patients. However, the late reaction to lepromin remained unchanged. The importance of the degree of sensitivity of the cell donor was demonstrated, and a booster dose was also found to be useful. The feasibility of using transfer factor in treatment of lepromatous leprosy is briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inflammatory mediators in patients with atopic dermatitis after treatment with transfer factor].

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is a skin inflammatory disease, which is associated to high levels of IgE, eosinophiles and change of T lymphocytes. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the treatment with transfer factor for moderate atopic dermatitis decreases the number of inflammatory cells in the peripheral blood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected twenty patients with diagnosis of moderate atopic dermatitis. The age range of the patients was between 5 and 45 years old. Patients were assigned to one of three groups: group A included patients with atopic dermatitis treated with transfer factor: one unit a day for five days, two units a week, one unit a week, one unit every fifteen days and one unit a month. Group B included ten patients with atopic dermatitis who received conventional treatment (hydroxyzine 10 mg/24 h) and the group C was conformed by healthy controls. All patients were submitted to basal and final determination of IgE, peripheral blood eosinophils, and underpopulation of lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Study period was of ten weeks. RESULTS: Levels of IgE were reduced respect to the basal value. In the patients of group A there was an increase in neutrophils and leukocytes after treatment; however, it was not significant (p = 0.46). Eosinophils were significantly reduced (p = 0.01). After comparing group A to group C the p value was of 0.035. CONCLUSION: In patients with atopic dermatitis, after 10 weeks of treatment with transfer factor, the level of IgE and peripheral eosinophils was reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocyte stimulation in multiple sclerosis patients untreated and treated with transfer factor. Long-term studies on the effect of different stimulants on myo-(2-3H)inositol incorporation into phosphatidylinositol of lymphocytes.

The lymphocytes from controls, untreated MS and MS patients treated with transfer factor were stimulated with PHA, PWM, PPD, LPS and MA and the increased incorporation of myoinositol into phosphatidylinositides was determined. As compared with controls, the untreated MS patients revealed significantly lower index of stimulation with PHA, LPS, PPD and MA. The response of lymphocytes from MS patients treated with transfer factor was intermediate. No correlation between disease progression and stimulation of inositol incorporation was observed. Analysis of variance showed that the myoinositol test is not applicable in long-term studies to distinguished single subjects, however it is useful to determine differences between MS patients and controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Transfer factor therapy in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Results of long-term follow-up in 32 patients.

Thirty-two patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have been treated with transfer factor provided by this laboratory. Apparent clinical benefit was observed in 44 per cent of them. The mean age of the patients who showed clinical benefit was significantly greater than that of the patients who showed no benefit. Conversion of immunologic reactivity correlated with clinical benefit. Thirteen of the patients who received transfer factor are alive, and 17 have died (43 per cent survival). Clinical benefit was correlated with survival. The median survival was greater than five years in the patients who showed clinical benefit, whereas it was 18 months in those who did not show clinical benefit. We conclude that transfer factor caused conversion of immunologic parameters, apparent clinical benefit and prolonged survival in some, but not all, patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Transfer factor treatment in bullous pemphigoid. Impaired T cell function.

A patient with bullous pemphigoid, not responding to prednisone, had impaired cellular immunity. Transfer factor (TF) was given in doses of 10 U/m2 intramuscularly to improve T cell immunity, at a frequency of 3 times to once a week. Clinical improvement fluctuated with changes in the frequency of TF injections. The skin has been clear of the lesions for the past 9 months. Her T cell functions became normal and serum IgE decreased from 900 U/ml to 270 U/ml. She has received a total of 1,732 U of TF. This report is intended to encourage investigation into T cell functions in patients with bullous pemphigoid and controlled trials of TF in this disease.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Progressive vaccinia: immunological aspects and transfer factor therapy.

Progressive vaccinia is a rare and serious complication of smallpox vaccination. Depressed immune function can generally be found as an underlying disorder; thus adequate immuno-correction may be expected to be therapeutically effective. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity was repeatedly examined in one case throughout the course of the disease. Results indicated partial deficiency of cell-mediated immunity. No therapeutic effect was achieved by using human antivaccinia immunoglobulin and N-methylisatin beta-thiosemicarbazone. Transfer factor therapy was also attempted. Treatment with a non-specific transfer factor preparation was followed by a transitory clinical improvement. A specific transfer factor preparation given during the last month of life, however, had no therapeutic effect. The patient died on the 145th day after vaccination. Autopsy findings pointed to combined immune deficiency.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Transfer factor in chronic and recurrent respiratory tract infections in children.

Five cases with abnormal sensitivity to respiratory tract infections are described. The cases showed a marked impairment in their cell mediated immunity state. Administration of a chromatographically purified transfer factor component increased the skin test sensitivity to common recall antigens. Interestingly, a similar effect in skin reactivity was observed with repeated skin tests alone, when antigen concentrations, initially high enough to cause a positive reaction, were used. Neither the administration of transfer factor nor skin testing with high antigen concentrations had an effect on blast transformation percentages. The therapy with chromatographically purified transfer factor appeared promising on the clinical condition of the patients.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1986

Transfer factor as a therapy for multiple sclerosis: a follow-up study.

The result of a two year, double blind, controlled trial of Transfer Factor (TF) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) were reported in 1980. It was demonstrated that TF significantly reduced the rate of progression of the disability but the benefit of therapy was not apparent until 18 months after its commencement. After the completion of the trial, TF treatment was offered to all the trial participants. Forty-five of these people accepted TF as treatment and have been followed for the subsequent three years. The twenty-three people who had received TF during the trial, and continued on TF after the trial, consistently had a slower rate of progression of their MS. Although the twenty-two patients initially on placebo had a significantly faster rate of progression during the trial, this slowed with commencement of TF treatment. After 3 years of TF, the rate of progression of disease was similar to that of the group receiving TF continuously for 5 years. In addition, 470 patients with clinically definite MS are being treated in New South Wales in an open study of TF. The rate of progression of the disease is being monitored by neurological assessments and appears to be similar to that of patients who had received TF in the original trial. The follow-up study of the 1980 TF trial patients and the open study of 470 MS patients confirm the original observation that TF has some effect on slowing the course of MS.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2000

[The immune reactivity transfer factor as a modulator of lymphocyte functional activity in rats].

The transplantation of the thyroid tissue is one of the perspective methods for rehabilitation of thyroid gland functional disorders that appear due to the influence of insufficient environmental conditions on organism. By means of micromethod of lymphocyte blast transformation reaction on the base of [3H]-thymidine shift the functional activity of the Wistar rat's splenocytes was studied in case of radiation induced hypothyroidism with or without xenotransplantation of newborn pig thyroid gland organ culture. It was found that the level of thyroxine and triiodothyronine significantly decreased in serum of irradiated animals, the lymphocyte proliferation level was also reduced (by means of radioiodine introduction in dose of 8,325 MBk/mmole). Application of thyroid gland tissue xenotransplantate in this model of hypothyroidism helped to achieve the increasing of thyroid hormones levels in serum and rehabilitation of lymphocytes functional activity. The opportunities for correction of immunological disorders with the help of transfer factor of immune reactivity preparates were investigated. Transfer factor--is a low-molecular weight leukocyte extract (J 10 kD) with immunomodulating activities. This preparates activated the proliferation of splenocytes from animals with hypothyroidism and animals with hypothyroidism after xenotransplantation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

Generic values for soil-to-plant transfer factors of radiocesium.

There is a need for soil-to-plant transfer factors of radionuclides that take into account all possible crops on all soil varieties to support dose assessment studies. Because only limited experimental data exist for worldwide soil systems, such values should necessarily have a generic character. This paper describes a generic system for 137Cs, mainly based on a reference soil-to-plant transfer factor which depends solely on soil properties such as nutrient status, exchangeable K-content, pH and moisture content. Crops are divided into crop groups, cereals serving as reference group. The transfer of other crop groups can be calculated by multiplying data for cereals by a conversion factor. Existing data present in the IUR (International Union of Radioecologists) databank and in large part the work of a FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation)/IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)/IUR project on tropical systems provided the basis for the derivation of the conversion factors and reference values.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1981

Adjuvant immunotherapy of high risk stage I melanoma with transfer factor.

Following conventional surgical management, 100 patients with high risk Stage I melanoma were treated with transfer factor to reduce the incidence of disease recurrence. All patients had primary lesions invasive to Clark's level III or deeper and exceeding 1.0 mm in measured thickness. Ninety-six patients are available for analysis at 15 to 67 months (median: 30 months) after diagnosis. Nine patients have had a recurrence of disease (treatment failure), and one has died. Actuarial non-failure rate is 90%, and survival rate is 99% at five years. A nonrandomized but contemporary control group of 46 patients displaying comparable risk factors was treated with surgery alone. The non-failure rate of this group is 63%, and the survival rate is 69%, data consistent with the results of several published studies. These results suggest that transfer factor immunotherapy may be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of patients with high risk Stage I melanoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Measurement technique influences the response of transfer factor (TICO) to salbutamol in patients with airflow limitation.

Single-breath transfer factor obtained using a multibreath estimate of alveolar volume (TI) was measured before and after salbutamol in twenty patients with reversible airflow limitation. The effective breathholding time was calculated by four methods due respectively to Ogilvie and colleagues as modified by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), ATS Epidemiological Standardization Project (ESP), Jones and Meade in which allowance was made for the time of sample collection and a simplified method in which the allowance for sampling was in terms of volume, not time. Two patients could perform the test procedure only after salbutamol. Amongst the remainder the transfer factor calculated using a single-breath estimate of alveolar volume (TI') was on average 12% less than TI. Carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO), TI and TI' were highest by the ESP method and lowest by the Ogilvie method. Inhalation of salbutamol (200 gamma) did not affect TI' by any method or TI and KCO by the Jones and Meade method but results by the other methods were reduced; in the case of the modified Ogilvie method the reduction was 3.9%. This error was due to overestimation of effective breathholding time by neglecting the reduction of 39% which occurred in the time of sample collection. The time of inspiration was unchanged whilst the time of deadspace washout was reduced by 16%. After bronchodilatation the absence of a change in TI' was due to the overestimation of effective breathholding time being offset by an increase in the proportion of alveolar volume measured by the single-breath procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗