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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The developmental potential of the inner cell mass of blastocysts that were derived from mouse ES cells using nuclear transfer technology.

The present study examined the causes of the low developmental potential of enucleated oocytes that have received ES cells and consequent postnatal death of the young. The inner cell masses (ICM) of nuclear-transferred blastocysts or diploid blastocysts were injected into tetraploid blastocysts (group B) or nuclear-transferred tetraploid blastocysts (group C), respectively. The developmental potential of these groups was compared with tetraploid blastocysts injected with ICM of diploid blastocysts (group A). The potential of reconstituted blastocysts to develop into live young in group B increased slightly (5%) but was significantly lower than that in group A (45%). The rate of postnatal death of young in group B did not decrease. The implantation rate of reconstituted blastocysts in group C was very low and no live fetuses were obtained. The results of the present study indicate that the inferior potential of both ICM and trophectoderm cells of nuclear-transferred blastocysts underlies the low developmental rate of nuclear-transferred oocytes receiving ES cells and the higher rate of postnatal death of ES cell-derived young.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Cell surface detection of membrane protein interaction with homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology.

Direct or indirect interactions between membrane proteins at the cell surface play a central role in numerous cell processes, including possible synergistic effects between different types of receptors. Here we describe a method and tools to analyze membrane protein-protein interaction at the surface of living cells. This technology is based on the use of specific antibodies directed against each partner and labeled either with europium cryptate or with Alexa Fluor 647. This allows the measurement of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal in a time-resolved manner if both antibodies are in close proximity. This approach is here validated using the heterodimeric gamma-aminobutyrate B receptor as a model. We show that after washing out the unbound antibodies, the time-resolved FRET signal can be measured together with the expression level of both partners via the quantification of the donor and the acceptor fluorophores bound to the cells. Thanks to the high sensitivity of this method and to the low concentration of antibodies required, we show that the signal can also be measured directly after the incubation period without washing out the unbound antibody (homogeneous time-resolved FRET). As such, this method is highly sensitive, reproducible, and compatible with the development of high-throughput screening protocols.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

Gene transfer technologies for malignant gliomas.

Although early clinical gene therapy trials for recurrent central nervous system neoplasms showed the proof-of-principle, they did not fulfill the high expectations suggested by the preclinical experimental data. Insufficient distribution of vectors in human brain tumors and very low transduction efficiency require that we reevaluate gene transfer concepts for brain tumor treatment. Major steps to improve gene transfer into the central nervous system and the efficacy of gene therapy for malignant brain tumors include: 1) the design of more effective vector systems; 2) the development of new or improved prodrug/suicide systems, gene replacement approaches, or strategies targeting the immune response or tumor angiogenesis; 3) the study of new techniques to enhance delivery of genetic vectors into brain tumors and for monitoring gene delivery into tumors; and 4) assessment of the role of gene therapy as part of a combined treatment approach.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Leprosy control by a people's program: "a new concept in technology transfer".

Leprosy is a major health hazard in tropical countries as it also is in China. All programs for the control of this disease have been based on the cheap, effective, and low-toxicity antileprosy drug Dapsone (DDS), available since the early 1950s. The emphasis has been on early detection and regularity of treatment, which has to be maintained for several years, if not a lifetime. Despite the availability of what might be rightly termed the "magic bullet," World Health Organization (WHO) figures demonstrate that leprosy has not been controlled in most countries and is generally on the increase. Blame has been ascribed to the patients for hiding the disease and for irregularity of treatment. Emphasis has now shifted to high-technology research to evolve more expensive and much more difficult multidrug regimens and an antileprosy vaccine. China, isolated from the rest of the world and using only simple DDS therapy, but ensuring its use through its barefoot doctor approach, has shown a reduction of leprosy cases from 500,000 to 100,000 in the past three decades. The author suggests that the world, including WHO, should learn from the experience of China rather than try to impose its own low effective and more expensive high-technology approach on this country.

China↗
PubMed1993

Technology transfer in medical information systems. The potential for "groupware" and its implications.

The practice of medicine is intrinsically a cooperative activity, involving not only a number of individuals but requiring access to a wide variety of types of data, produced and maintained by different people. Achieving seamless, integrated access to these data requires a new infrastructure of information systems that supports the construction of applications designed to incorporate and use external information resources. The term groupware may be used to connote this collective set of information resources and tools for access to them. Groupware will generate a variety of new kinds of products and services with implications for medical libraries, electronic publishing, and academic and professional collaboration.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of CCR5-Delta 32 and CCR2-V64I polymorphisms in a cohort of Spanish HCV patients using real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer technologies.

Nowadays it is clear that chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions are important in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the involvement of the CCR5-Delta 32 and CCR2-V64I polymorphisms in the response to the HCV infection, as well as in the histological damage and the outcome of the infection. A cohort of 139 patients with hepatitis C and 100 healthy blood donors were analysed for both polymorphisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and LightCycler technology. We have detected the CCR5-Delta 32 allele in 15 of 278 HCV chromosomes (5.4%) and 15 of 200 control chromosomes (7.5%). The CCR2-V64I allele was present in 24 of 278 HCV chromosomes (8.6%) and 19 of 200 control chromosomes (9.5%). Analysis of the histological parameters showed no statistical significance when comparing the patients carrying the variants vs the cases with the wild-type allele. Our results seem to indicate that the CCR5-Delta 32 and CCR2-V64I polymorphisms are not related to the response to HCV infection, histological damage and outcome of infection in our cohort of Spanish HCV patients.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1994

Gene transfer technologies for the gene therapy of cancer.

Gene therapy for cancer relies upon the delivery of a therapeutic gene to a target cell population which may comprise either the tumour cells themselves or specific host effector cells with anti-tumour activity. In addition, gene delivery may be targeted directly to the tumour cells in vivo or towards cells explanted from the patient. The precise requirements of the delivery system depend upon the specific therapeutic strategy being used. In each case, however, delivery must be accurate, efficient and must result in correctly regulated expression of the gene in only the desired cell type. Equally important, the delivery system must be safe for both the patient and the community as a whole. Here, we summarize the types of gene therapy which have been proposed for the treatment of cancer and review how currently available delivery systems are suited to each of these individual strategies.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2001

Expression and function of the Drosophila melanogaster ADH in male Ceratitis capitata adults: a potential strategy for medfly genetic sexing based on gene-transfer technology.

The aim of development of a Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata genetic sexing strain derives from the large scale SIT programmes being carried out to control this pest. Toward this direction, we present here the male-specific expression of the Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in medfly transgenic adults generated by Minos-mediated germ line transformation. This expression pattern is obtained by using a promoter fragment of the male-specific gene MSSP-alpha2 of the medfly. We show that the heterologous enzyme is functional in the medfly oxidizing both ethanol and 2-propanol. Although leading to an approximately twofold increase of total ADH activity in male compared to female transgenic adults, these expression levels are not enough for performing genetic sexing when high doses of environmental alcohol are applied. This could be achieved either by further enhancement of the transgene expression or by generating an Adh- line to host the Minos insertions.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗