Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TME”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

MMP-12, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 are markedly upregulated in chronic demyelinating theiler murine encephalomyelitis.

Theiler murine encephalomyelitis (TME) represents a highly relevant viral model for multiple sclerosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix molecules and are involved in demyelination processes. To elucidate their impact on demyelination in TME, spinal cords of TME virus (TMEV)-infected SJL/J mice were taken at 9 different time points postinfection (pi) ranging from 1 hour to 196 days pi and investigated for the expression of TMEV, MMP-2, -3, -7, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -24, and TIMP-1 to -4 by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). High TMEV RNA levels were detectable throughout the observation period using RT-qPCR. In addition, TMEV RNA was visualized within demyelinated lesions by in situ hybridization. MMP-3 mRNA was significantly upregulated at 1 day pi and again in the late phase of infection. TIMP-1 mRNA was significantly elevated throughout the observation period. MMP-12 mRNA was most prominently upregulated in the late phase of infection and MMP-12 protein was localized in intralesional microglia/macrophages and astrocytes by immunohistochemistry. In summary, in early TMEV infection, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 mRNA upregulation might be directly virus-induced, whereas persistent TMEV infection directly or indirectly stimulated MMP-12 production in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes and might account for ongoing demyelination in TME.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Long-term oncologic outcome following preoperative combined modality therapy and total mesorectal excision of locally advanced rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to (1) determine the long-term oncologic outcome for patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative combined modality therapy (CMT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME), (2) identify factors predictive of oncologic outcome, and (3) determine the oncologic significance of the extent of pathologic tumor response. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Locally advanced (T3-4 and/or N1) rectal adenocarcinoma is commonly treated with preoperative CMT and TME. However, the long-term oncologic results of this approach and factors predictive of a durable outcome remain largely unknown. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-seven consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma at a median distance of 6 cm from the anal verge (range 0-15 cm) were treated with preoperative CMT (radiation: 5040 centi-Gray (cGy) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy) followed by TME from 1988 to 2002. A prospectively collected database was queried for long-term oncologic outcome and predictive clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 44 months, the estimated 10-year overall survival (OS) was 58% and 10 year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 62%. On multivariate analysis, pathologic response >95%, lymphovascular invasion and/or perineural invasion (PNI), and positive lymph nodes were significantly associated with OS and RFS. Patients with a >95% pathologic response had a significantly improved OS (P = 0.003) and RFS (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer with preoperative CMT followed by TME can provide for a durable 10-year OS of 58% and RFS of 62%. Patients who achieve a >95% response to preoperative CMT have an improved long-term oncologic outcome, a novel finding that deserves further study.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Total mesorectal excision: evaluating the evidence.

The present paper reviews information from pathological and clinical studies examining the role of total mesorectal excision (TME) in the treatment of rectal cancer. The pathological studies provide information about the spread of rectal cancer within the mesorectum, and the adequacy of excision obtained with conventional surgery and TME. The clinical studies provide information about the safety of TME and the reported local recurrence rates. Taken together, these studies provide a rationale for using TME to resect rectal cancers in the distal two-thirds of the rectum, despite the absence of direct evidence from randomized controlled trials.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1996

NADP+ -dependent malic enzyme of Rhizobium meliloti.

The bacterium Rhizobium meliloti, which forms N2-fixing root nodules on alfalfa, has two distinct malic enzymes; one is NADP+ dependent, while a second has maximal activity when NAD+ is the coenzyme. The diphosphopyridine nucleotide (NAD+)-dependent malic enzyme (DME) is required for symbiotic N2 fixation, likely as part of a pathway for the conversion of C4-dicarboxylic acids to acetyl coenzyme A in N2-fixing bacteroids. Here, we report the cloning and localization of the tme gene (encoding the triphosphopyridine nucleotide [NADP+]-dependent malic enzyme) to a 3.7-kb region. We constructed strains carrying insertions within the tme gene region and showed that the NADP+ -dependent malic enzyme activity peak was absent when extracts from these strains were eluted from a DEAE-cellulose chromatography column. We found that NADP+ -dependent malic enzyme activity was not required for N2 fixation, as tme mutants induced N2-fixing root nodules on alfalfa. Moreover, the apparent NADP+ -dependent malic enzyme activity detected in wild-type (N2-fixing) bacteroids was only 20% of the level detected in free-living cells. Much of that residual bacteroid activity appeared to be due to utilization of NADP+ by DME. The functions of DME and the NADP+ -dependent malic enzyme are discussed in light of the above results and the growth phenotypes of various tme and dme mutants.

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗
PubMed2005

A new insight into the cellular regulation of aqueous outflow: how trabecular meshwork endothelial cells drive a mechanism that regulates the permeability of Schlemm's canal endothelial cells.

AIM: To test the hypothesis that trabecular meshwork endothelial cells (TMEs) increase the permeability of Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (SCEs) by actively releasing ligands that modulate the barrier properties of SCEs. METHODS: The TMEs were first irradiated with a laser light and allowed to condition the medium, which is then added to SCEs. The treatment response is determined by both measuring SCE permeability (flow meters) and the differential expression of genes (Affymetrix chips and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). The cytokines secreted by the treated cells were identified using ELISA and the ability of these cytokines to increase permeability is tested directly after their addition to SCEs in perfusion experiments. RESULTS: SCEs exposed to medium conditioned by the light activated TMEs (TME-cm) respond by undergoing a differential expression (DE) of 1,120 genes relative to controls. This response is intense relative to a DE of only 12 genes in lasered SCEs. The TME-cm treatment of SCEs increased the SCE permeability fourfold. The role of cytokines in these responses is supported by two findings: adding specific cytokines established to be secreted by lasered TMEs to SCEs increases permeability; and inactivating the TME-cm by boiling or diluting, abrogates these conditioned media permeability effects. CONCLUSION: These experiments show that TMEs can regulate SCE permeability and that it is likely that TMEs have a major role in the regulation of aqueous outflow. This novel TME driven cellular mechanism has important implications for the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the mechanism of action of laser trabeculoplasty. Ligands identified as regulating SCE permeability have potential use for glaucoma therapy.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1999

Oxygen-wasting effect of inotropy in the "virtual work model".

In the "virtual work model," left ventricular total mechanical energy (TME) is linearly related to myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). This relationship (MVO2-TME) is supposedly independent of inotropic stimulation, vascular loading, and heart rate variations. We reexamined the effect of inotropic stimulation (dopamine) on the metabolic to mechanical energy transfer in nine open-chest anesthetized pigs. Left ventricular mechanical energy was calculated using TME (mean ejection pressure x end-diastolic volume + stroke work), TMEW (end-diastolic volume reduced by unstressed ventricular volume), and the pressure-volume area (PVA). A highly linear relationship between MVO2 and mechanical energy was found for all three indexes during control and dopamine runs (r = 0.87-0.99). The slopes were unaltered by dopamine. y-Axis intercepts were (control vs. dopamine) as follows (in J. beat-1. 100 mg-1; means +/- SD): TME, 0.36 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.61 +/- 0.30 (P < 0.02); TMEW, 0.43 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.32 (P < 0.02); and PVA, 0.34 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.30 (P < 0.02). We conclude that the virtual work model is dependent on inotropic stimulation and that new insight into myocardial chemomechanical coupling is not added by this concept.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

New aspects of adjuvant radiotherapy in primarily resectable rectal cancer.

Local recurrence rates of approximately 30% have been consistently reported after 'conventional surgery' in stage II + III rectal cancer patients. Postoperative radiotherapy decreases the local recurrence rate only moderately and is not associated with a gain in survival. Preoperative radiotherapy with biologically effective doses > 30 Gy dramatically reduces the relative risk of local recurrences by 57% that translates into significant overall survival benefit. Postoperative 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy has also been shown to increase local tumor control and to result in a significantly better survival. However, an improved surgical technique, the total mesorectal excision (TME), has evolved and is considered standard treatment by many surgeons. With this technique, reduced local recurrence rates of below 10% and improved survival rates have been reported from different institutions. Therefore, a discussion has started, whether or not pre- or postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is beneficial, when TME is used. The preliminary results of a recently published trial on radiotherapy before TME partly resolve the current controversy. An expected local failure rate of approximately 15% and an overall survival rate below 60%, 5 years after TME alone in stage II + III rectal cancer patients suggest the need for additional therapy. Preoperative radiotherapy reduced the risk of local recurrence more than 3 times, indicating that the use of radiotherapy is justified at least in patients with stage II + III disease, even if optimal surgery was used. The unsatisfactory overall survival gives indirect evidence that these patients will also benefit from chemotherapy. However, many questions remain open and an optimal therapeutic schedule has not been established.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1984

Cardiovascular response to vasopressin vasopressor antagonist administration during water deprivation in the rat.

The cardiovascular effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection of a selective vasopressin vasopressor antagonist, [1-beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid-2-(0-methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin (TMe-AVP) were examined in conscious rats under basal conditions and following 48 h of water deprivation. Pressor responses to i.v. vasopressin (50 ng/kg) were not blunted by i.c.v. treatment with either vehicle or 0.5 microgram/kg TMe-AVP. A dose of 5.0 microgram/kg TMe-AVP (i.c.v.) did reduce the pressor response to vasopressin, indicating peripheral leakage of the antagonist. Water deprivation for 48 h increased plasma vasopressin concentrations from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 2.8 +/- 0.1 microU/ml and increased blood pressure from 112 +/- 2 to 123 +/- 1 mm Hg. No effect of the vasopressin antagonist on blood pressure could be detected following either i.c.v. (0.5 microgram/kg) or i.v. (5.0 micrograms/kg) treatment in water-deprived animals. However, a significant increase in heart rate was observed in water-deprived rats following i.v. injection of 5.0 micrograms/kg of TMe-AVP. Central vasopressin vasopressor receptor blockade appears to exert little effect on blood pressure either under basal conditions or during water deprivation. The data further delineate the relationship of plasma vasopressin concentrations to cardiovascular homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Outcomes of Response-Based Watch-and-Wait and Surgical Management After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BackgroundTotal neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) increases clinical complete response rates in locally advanced rectal cancer (RC), allowing response-based management strategies such as watch-and-wait (WW) as an alternative to total mesorectal excision (TME). Outcomes associated with WW after TNT remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to compare oncologic and organ-preservation outcomes between WW and surgical management following TNT.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central up to April 2025. Observational studies comparing WW and TME following TNT were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. Secondary outcomes included tumor regrowth, salvage surgery, and permanent stoma. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I.ResultsSix studies comprising 793 patients were analyzed. WW showed no significant difference compared with TME regarding local recurrence (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.07-26.17; I2 = 80%), distant metastases (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.29-1.33; I2 = 49%), 5-year disease-free survival (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.71-1.31; I2 = 51.7%), or overall survival (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.30; I2 = 27.9%). Permanent stoma rates were lower with WW (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01-1.23; I2 = 71%), becoming significant after sensitivity analysis (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.19).ConclusionWW after TNT offers oncologic outcomes comparable to TME, with high organ preservation and reduced surgical morbidity in highly selected patients.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Integrative multi-omics analysis proposes a metabolic classification of gliomas: distinct metabolic states, immune infiltration, and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma harbors diverse cell types; however, cell metabolic heterogeneity remains to be explored. This study aims to characterize the metabolic features of different cell types in the TME by integrating multiple datasets, including genomics, bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, and metabolomics. METHODS: Unsupervised machine learning was used to construct an energy metabolic classifier based on the metabolic pathways identified from bulk RNA-seq of gliomas in the TCGA dataset. The classifier was externally validated using multiple datasets, including genomics, bulk RNA-seq, snRNA-seq, and the metabolomics data. Furthermore, metabolic heterogeneity associated with the classifier was further characterized at single-cell resolution. RESULTS: The energy metabolism-based classifier stratified patients into two prognostic clusters: patients in cluster 1 were characterized by high pathway activity of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), whereas patients in cluster 2 exhibited higher activity in glutaminolysis. This metabolic classifier revealed both intratumoral and intertumoral metabolic heterogeneity, and the complexity was further validated by the metabolomics profiling and snRNA-seq data from the CPTAC dataset. Notably, OSMR, highly expressed in cluster 1, showed significant co-expression with key glycolytic enzyme genes. The OSM/OSMR/JAK1/STAT3 axis potently drives malignant progression of glioma cells, specially enhancing their invasive and migratory capabilities. Single-cell resolution analyses demonstrated that tumor metabolic heterogeneity is primarily driven by malignant cells rather than non-malignant components, while tumor microenvironment (TME) factors were also found to modulate malignant cell metabolism. Significantly, glycolytic activity in glioma cells increased during the phenotypic transition from PN (proneural) to MES (mesenchymal), with cluster 1 metabolic phenotypes predominating in the tumor core. Compared to cluster 2, cluster 1 patients exhibited higher mRNA expression of immunosuppressive checkpoint genes, which correlated with pronounced immunosuppression in the TME. Furthermore, various immune cells demonstrated distinct metabolic preferences at single-cell resolution. CONCLUSIONS: This study developed an energy metabolic-based classifier for gliomas with prognostic and therapeutic potential. Metabolic reprogramming was linked with the PN-to-MES transition of glioma cells and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Multi-omics data, especially snRNA-seq, offered insights into metabolism heterogeneity at single-cell resolution, enabling personalized treatment strategies.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients.

PURPOSE: In retrospective studies, total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery has been demonstrated to result in a reduction in the number of local recurrences of rectal cancer. Reports on improved local control after preoperative, hypofractionated radiotherapy have led to the introduction of a randomized multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of TME surgery with and without preoperative radiotherapy. Treatment with preoperative radiotherapy might have an effect on the pathologic characteristics that determine staging of rectal cancer. We investigated the occurrence of downstaging in rectal cancer patients treated with and without preoperative radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the differences in tumor size, number of examined lymph nodes, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and histopathologic features in 1,321 patients entered onto a randomized trial. The trial compared preoperative radiotherapy (5 x 5 Gy) followed by TME surgery with TME surgery alone. Patients who had an interval of more than 10 days between the start of radiotherapy and surgery were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: Differences were observed in tumor size (P <.001) and total number of examined lymph nodes (P <.001). No difference in tumor or node classification was detected. The irradiated group demonstrated more poorly differentiated tumors as well as more mucinous tumors. CONCLUSION: In rectal cancer patients, short-term, preoperative radiotherapy with 5 x 5 Gy does not lead to downstaging if the interval between the start of radiotherapy and surgery does not exceed 10 days.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Neoadjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin followed by synchronous chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision in magnetic resonance imaging-defined poor-risk rectal cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate neoadjuvant capecitabine/oxaliplatin before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME) in newly diagnosed patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -defined poor-risk rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: MRI criteria for poor-risk rectal cancer were tumors within 1 mm of mesorectal fascia (ie, circumferential resection margin threatened), T3 tumors at or below levators, tumors extending > or = 5 mm into perirectal fat, T4 tumors, and T1-4N2 tumors. Patients received 12 weeks of neoadjuvant capecitabine/oxaliplatin followed by concomitant capecitabine and radiotherapy. TME was planned 6 weeks after CRT. Postoperatively, patients received another 12 weeks of capecitabine. RESULTS: Between November 2001 and August 2004, 77 eligible patients were recruited. After neoadjuvant capecitabine/oxaliplatin, the radiologic response rate was 88%. In addition, 86% of patients had symptomatic responses in a median of 32 days (ie, just over one cycle of capecitabine/oxaliplatin). After CRT, the tumor response rate was increased to 97%. Three patients remained inoperable. Sixty-seven patients proceeded to TME, and all but one patient had R0 resection. Pathologic complete response was observed in 16 patients (24%; 95% CI, 14% to 36%), and in an additional 32 patients (48%), only microscopic tumor foci were found on surgical specimens. Four deaths occurred during neoadjuvant capecitabine/oxaliplatin therapy as a result of pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, sudden death with history of chest pain, and neutropenic colitis. CONCLUSION: Capecitabine/oxaliplatin before synchronous CRT and TME results in substantial tumor regression, rapid symptomatic response, and achievement of R0 resection.

Adult↗
PubMed2024

Interactions between microbiota and uterine corpus endometrial cancer: A bioinformatic investigation of potential immunotherapy.

Microorganisms in the gut and other niches may contribute to carcinogenesis while also altering cancer immune surveillance and therapeutic response. However, determining the impact of genetic variations and interplay with intestinal microbes' environment is difficult and unanswered. Here, we examined the frequency of thirteen mutant genes that caused aberrant gut in thirty different types of cancer using The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database. Substantially, our findings show that all these mutated genes are quite frequent in uterine corpus endometrial cancer (UCEC). Further, these mutant genes are implicated in the infiltration of different subset of immune cells within the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of UCEC patients. The top-ranking mutant genes that promote immune cell invasion into the TME of UCEC patients were PGLYRP2, OLFM4, and TLR5. In this regard, we used the same deconvolution of the TCGA database to analyze the microbiome that have a strong association with immune cells invasion with TME of UCEC patients. Several bacteria and viruses have been linked to the invasion of immune cells, such as B cell memory and T cell regulatory (Tregs), into the TME of UCEC patients. As a result, our findings pave the way for future research into generating novel immunizations against bacteria or viruses as immunotherapy for UCEC patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Transmissible mink encephalopathy.

Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a rare disease of ranch-raised mink caused by exposure to an as yet unidentified contaminated food ingredient in the ration. The clinical and pathological similarities between TME and scrapie, together with the indistinguishable physicochemical characteristics of their transmissible agents, suggest that sheep may be the source of infection. However, experimental testing of oral susceptibility of mink to several different sources of sheep scrapie have been unsuccessful. These results indicate that either the feeding of scrapie-infected sheep tissues to mink is not the cause of TME, or that there exists a strain of sheep scrapie having high mink pathogenicity that remains unknown. Additional sources of sheep scrapie need to be tested in mink, and epidemiological investigations of new incidents of TME need to emphasise obtaining a thorough history of past feeding practices.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

First thousand rectal cancer cases--local recurrence and survival.

In the period 1990 - 2002, 1674 patients with colorectal carcinoma were operated in the First Surgical Clinic, Third Department for Colorectal Surgery. In 1264 cases (75.5%) rectal carcinoma was the indication for surgical treatment. Sphincter saving procedures (SSP) were performed in 824 (65.2%), abdominoperineal resections (APR) in 340 (26.9%) and resections of rectum with definitive stoma (Hartmann procedure) in 100 (7.9%) patients. We analyzed 1095 cases where curative SSP or APR were performed. All cases where curative resection was not possible because of liver metastases or inability to excise all macroscopic disease were excluded. In the group of patients where SSP was performed (767 cases), there were 26.6% high colorectal anastomoses (8cm from anal verge), 65.4% with low (4-8cm from anal verge) and 8.0% with intersphincteric coloanal anastomosis (cm from anal verge). Patohistological exam showed 5.3% Dukes A, 53.1% Dukes B, 36.5% Dukes C and 4.9% Dukes D. In the APR group (328 cases) there were 1.,5% Dukes A, 32.4% Dukes B, 62.1% Dukes C and 3.5% Dukes D. In this study we analyzed local recurrence and five-year survival in both groups. Recurrence of the disease was registered in 325 (29.6%) out of 1095 patients. Local recurrence was found in 81 (7.,4%) patients. In the SSP group recurrence occured in 215 (28.0%) out of 767 curative resections. Local recurrence alone was found in 53 patients (6.9%). SSP group was also divided into two subgroups; in the first group TME was performed and in second transection of mesorectum was carried out. Analyzing local recurrence in these two groups, in the TME group it was 7.6% and in the transection group 5.6%. In the APR group recurrence was registered in 110 (33.5%) out of 328 patients while local recurrence alone was found in 28 (8.5%) cases. Analyzing mortality we found that 234 (21.4%) out of 1095 patients died during follow-up. In the SSP group 154 out of 767 patients (20.1%) died. In the TME group mortality was 21.7% and in the transection group 16.9%. Mortality in the APR group showed that 80 out of 328 (24.4%) patients died during follow-up. Analysis by the Kaplan-Meier's test shows cumulative survival of 0.69 for all cases. In the SSP group cumulative survival is 0.72 and in the APR group 0.64 with statistically significant difference (p .001). In the TME group cumulative survival is 0.75 and in the transection group 0.,72 with statistically significant difference (p .05). We believe that performing SSP should be encouraged whenever it is possible because there is no difference in local recurrence rates and survival compared to APR. Transection of mesorectum can safely be performed in most cases with tumors located more than 8 cm form anal verge. We believe that exact preoperative staging and preoperative radiotherapy could improve results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Influence of treadmill exercise on pituitary-adrenal secretions, other blood constituents, and meat quality of sheep.

Whether lambs were used to evaluate the influence of treadmill exercise (TME) on physiological responses and meat quality. Lambs were exercised at either 5.6, 7.2, or 8.8 km/h on a 9 degrees incline for 10 min, followed by a 10-min walk at 4.0 km/h and 0 degrees incline, or were unexercised controls (C; n = 3/treatment). Heart rates were determined at -15, 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15 min relative to the onset of exercise. Blood was collected at 2.5-min intervals during and after exercise for determination of plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, and lactate. In addition, blood collected during exercise was evaluated for hematocrit and for concentrations of glucose, hemoglobin, and total protein. Exercised lambs had greater (P < .01) heart rates than C lambs during and after exercise. Blood from TME lambs also had greater (P < .001) hematocrit percentages, total protein, and hemoglobin concentrations. Areas under the ACTH and cortisol response curves were greater (P < .001) for TME than for C lambs. Areas under glucose response curves were greater for all TME treatments (P < .001) than for C and greater (P < .001) for lambs exercised at 8.8 km/h than for lambs exercised at 5.6 km/h. Areas beneath lactate response curves were greater (P < .001) for lambs exercised at 8.8 km/h than for lambs exercised at 7.2 km/h and C lambs. Carcasses from lambs exercised at 5.6 km/h had lesser (P < .05) longissimus muscle (LM) glycogen concentrations at slaughter than carcasses from lambs exercised at either 7.2 or 8.8 km/h and C lambs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

The effects of endogenous energy, type of diet, and addition of bile salts on true metabolizable energy values in young chicks.

A trial was carried out using 3-week-old chickens of a commercial breed to study the effects of either a fat-free diet or a diet containing 150 g/kg of animal fat on the endogenous energy losses measured with starved birds. The effects of the addition of different levels of bile salts to such diets and the accuracy of true metabolizable energy (TME) with respect to the other modes of expression of metabolizable energy were also examined. The excreted endogenous energy values were shown to vary not only according to the type of diet (P less than .01) but also in relation to the dietary intake level (P less than .01). Because it is directly related to endogenous energy, TME proved to be an inaccurate parameter in young chicks unless values were corrected for N-balance. If the values of both apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and TME are corrected for N-balance, they are normally comparable and independent of the dietary intake level if the diet contains virtually no added fat. These findings indicate that most of the endogenous excreta are composed of nitrogenous metabolites. However, neither AME nor TME values of fat-rich diets are independent of dietary intake. The addition of bile salts had no effect on the metabolizable energy values of the fat-free diet. However, in the case of the diet rich in saturated fats, they compensated either for insufficient bile secretion or for endogenous bile salts degraded by the intestinal microflora. Thus, the digestive utilization of dietary fat, especially that of the saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids, was increased. In addition, metabolizable energy was significantly improved (P less than .01) by the addition of bile salts when the dietary intake level increased to the ad libitum level.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Methods of measuring energy utilization in broilers: effect of genetic line and presence of supplemental dietary fat.

A commercial line (CL) and genetically-selected lean (LL) and fat (FL) lines were fed a purified diet containing either 2% corn oil or 2% corn oil plus 7% animal-vegetable fat. Both diets contained 23% crude protein and 3150 kcal nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn)/kg. Apparent fat digestibility (AFD), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AMEn, true metabolizable energy (TME), and nitrogen-corrected TME (TMEn) were determined on birds fed ad lib or restricted to 25 g for 36 hr. The birds on the ad lib program were than killed for net energy of production (NEp) determination. Apparent fat digestibility increased (P less than .05) from 1 to 3 weeks of age for both diets. This resulted in significantly lower AME, AMEn, and TMEn at 1 week than at 3 weeks. True metabolizable energy was not affected (P greater than .05) by age. The AMEn and TMEn at 1 kg body weight were less precise on the restricted than on the ad lib program. The AME, AMEn, TME, and TMEn determined by ad lib feeding at 1 kg body weight were not affected by line (P greater than .05) by line or diet. However, AME and AMEn from the same program were affected by line and diet. Nitrogen-correction of ME was only necessary for TME on the restricted program. Net energy of production was only different (P less than .05) among lines. Because of its greater precision, the AME assay with ad lib-fed birds is the preferred assay, at least at a young age.

Adipose Tissue↗