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PubMed1997

[The effect of smoking and passive smoking on thiocyanate content in saliva].

The saliva thiocyanate contents were determined among smokers and passive smokers. The saliva thiocyanate contents of passive smokers in smoking environment and non-smoking environment were compared. The results showed that the saliva thiocyanate in smoking environment was higher than that in non-smoking environment (P<0.01). The results indicate that the saliva thiocyanate detecting is a direct and sensitive index for evaluating the hazard of passive smoking.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1979

[On the influence of thiocyanates on the delayed immune response in intact and epinephrectomised guinea pigs (author's transl)].

Daily application of 32 mg/kg sodium thiocynate from 1--11th respectively 12th--21st experimental day causes in epinephrectomised guinea pigs at the 26th experimental day an inhibition of cell-mediated immune response (sensitization was induced by intraperitoneal injection of horse serum at the 5th and 7th experimental day). The inhibition of cell-mediated immune response could be demonstrated by means of migration inhibition of spleen cells. Epinephrectomy was performed by operation procedures twice a week. Gluco- and mineralocorticoids were applied supplementary. -- Also other proved thiocyanates respectively compounds with thiocyanate groups such as potassium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate and d,1-2-imino-3.4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-thiacolidinhydrothiocyanate showed the same effect. The results are only pointed out in intact animals, but distinct in epinephrectomised guinea pigs. Finally a significant weaker effect, but of the same kind was observed by potassium- and sodium iodate. Every used dose of prednisolone and cyclophosphamide suppress the migration inhibition. The influence of 2-iminothiacolidin-4-carbon acid and desoxycorticosteronacetat on the migration inhibition is different and depends on the antigen dose applied for sensitization. -- Simulated daily injections undertaken in form of stitches and application of aqua destillata are inefficacious.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

Blood thiocyanate levels and self-reported smoking habits compared in two large cardiovascular population studies.

In two representative population surveys (n1 = 1712, n2 = 3757, age-range: 25-64 years) from six towns in Northern Badenia (FRG) self-reported smoking habits and blood thiocyanate levels were compared. In Survey 1 the smoking prevalence was 44.1% in males and 32.9% in females, in Survey 2 45.0% in males and 26.5% in females. In agreement with previous studies it was proved that thiocyanate measurements allow to distinguish groups of non-smokers from smokers, whilst not being specific enough to reflect precisely the quantity of tobacco consumption of the individual. A quadratic regression of thiocyanate levels on cigarette consumption provided a better fit and a higher correlation coefficient than linear regression, indicating a saturation effect, i.e., there is no further increase of thiocyanate levels when more than about 30 cigarettes daily are consumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Plasma glucose and thiocyanate responses to different mixed cassava meals in non-diabetic Nigerians.

We measured plasma glucose and thiocyanate levels before and up to 4 h after feeding 11 overnight fasted healthy non-diabetic volunteers randomly on three occasions each with three locally consumed cassava meals: (i) gari as eba 50 g; (ii) lafun 50 g and (iii) parboiled cassava flakes 76 g. Each of these meals contained 175 kcal (0.7 MJ) and was consumed with a sauce to a total caloric value of 300 kcal (1.26 MJ). On the fourth visit, each volunteer consumed 75 g glucose. While the peak and 2-h glucose values were greatest with oral glucose (P less than 0.01), they were similar with the three cassava meals, although tended to be lowest with lafun. Similarly, areas (incremental and total) under the glucose/time curves were highest with oral glucose (P less than 0.05), but while eba and cassava flakes were similar, lafun had the lowest values (P less than 0.05). Plasma thiocyanate levels were unchanged after ingestion of oral glucose and eba, but increased to peak values (P less than 0.05) by 14 per cent on cassava flakes and by 23 per cent on lafun. We conclude that post-prandial glycaemia and plasma thiocyanate levels after cassava meals depend on the mode of preparation of the meal and that lafun showed the least glycaemic response of the three cassava meals tested although it caused the greatest increase in plasma thiocyanate levels. These findings suggest that a cyanogenetic potential does not always reflect a tendency to hyperglycaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cyanide and thiocyanate blood levels in patients with renal failure or respiratory disease.

Whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate were measured by a headspace gas chromatographic method and a colorimetric method, respectively, in 16 healthy subjects, in 10 patients with respiratory disease and in 12 patients on chronic dialysis for renal failure. In healthy subjects, whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate concentrations were significantly higher in smokers (1.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 206 +/- 74 mumol/l) than in non-smokers (0.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 74 +/- 19 mumol/l). In renal failure patients on hemodialysis, no difference was noted in cyanide levels (0.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/l), but there was a significant increase in plasma thiocyanate levels during the interdialysis period (62 +/- 24 mumol/l; 91 +/- 24 mumol/l). No difference in cyanide and thiocyanate levels of patients with respiratory disease was seen, in agreement with a weak pulmonary elimination of cyanide.

Cyanides↗
PubMed1985

Influence of dietary cyanide on immunoglobulin and thiocyanate levels in the serum of Liberian adults.

Serum thiocyanate, antibody titers to thiocyanates, and serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA) were measured in 73 Liberian adults normally consuming diets of low, moderate, high, or no (control) cassava-derived cyanide (CN(-)). When control and low groups (n = 40; daily intake less than 0.60 mg CN(-) per kg body weight) were contrasted with moderate and high groups (n = 33; daily intake greater than or equal to 0.60 mg CN(-) per kg body weight), the authors observed that (1) one-time serum thiocyanate measurements were not sensitive to long-term cyanide intake; however, (2) antibody titers to thiocyanates were positively correlated with cassava-based cyanide intakes (r = .22, P = 0.05); and (3) serum IgM, IgG, and IgA levels were elevated in individuals regularly consuming moderate and high levels of dietary cyanide. Possible responsible mechanisms and health implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Extraction of nontype-specific antigens of group A Streptococcus by potassium thiocyanate].

A method for extraction of nontype-specific antigens of the group A streptococcus cellular wall from whole microbial cells is described. Potassium thiocyanate was used as an extracting agent. Nontype-specific antigens of the thiocyanate extract purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation were examined by immunodiffusion in agar gel. The thiocyanate extracts were found to contain several nontype-specific protein antigens part of which were absent from the HCl-extracts. No group A streptococcal polysaccharide was found in the thiocyanate extracts.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on the effect of low concentrations of thiocyanate on the protein human serum albumin].

By means of fluorescence and absorption measurements the authors studied the interaction of the protein human serum albumin with relatively low concentrations (up to 5 mmol/l at the most) of thiocyanate ions. Such concentrations lead to a slight quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence in human serum albumin. The effect of thiocyanate is not due to an overall action on the protein (as sometimes observed with higher thiocyanate concentrations), but to a local interaction of the fluorophore tryptophan with the neighbouring anion-binding site which is occupied by thiocyanate.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1981

Smoking in pregnancy. Effects on the birth weight and on thiocyanate concentration in mother and baby.

The connection between maternal smoking during pregnancy and a lower birth weight in the baby is confirmed. The maternal blood thiocyanate level, as measured post partum, was found to be higher in smokers than in non-smokers. A significant negative correlation was found between the maternal thiocyanate level and the birth weight. A significant association was found between the thiocyanate levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood. A similar correlation was found between the umbilical cord blood and the amniotic fluid thiocyanate concentrations.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1993

Thiocyanate equally increases affinity for two DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor states.

The effects of potassium thiocyanate on the binding of DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), and L-glutamate to the AMPA receptor complex were studied in rat brain membranes. Thiocyanate increased the affinity of AMPA receptors for both AMPA and L-glutamate and decreased the affinity for CNQX. Displacement of [3H]CNQX binding by AMPA revealed that the affinity for AMPA of both the high and the low affinity states of the receptor increased in the presence of thiocyanate, whereas the proportion of the two states was unchanged. In soluble fractions, which exhibit an apparently homogeneous population of the high affinity state of the receptor, the affinity for AMPA was increased by a magnitude similar to that seen for the high affinity state in the membranes. These results indicate that thiocyanate enhances AMPA binding not by converting low affinity receptors into the high affinity state but by equally increasing the affinities of the high and the low affinity states of AMPA receptors.

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione↗
PubMed1997

[The plasma concentrations of thiocyanates, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (Prl) in women smokers].

By the help of biochemical methods we examined the plasma concentrations of thiocyanate during the placental period of the delivery both in mothers and the umbilical vein of the newborn babies. Using radiological methods we simultaneously examined the levels of E2, FSH, and Prl. The results suggest high correlation, between the plasma levels of thiocyanate both and newborn babies. We observed a low positive correlation, conserving the concentration of thiocyanates in mothers and E2 and Prl. There was a negative correlation, concerning the plasma FSH. We also observed similar interrelations in the blood examinations of the umbilical vein of the newborns. To define the level of intoxication of women smokers during gestation it is recommended to define plasma concentration of thiocyanates which influence specifically the production of E2, FSH, and Prl.

Estradiol↗
PubMed2001

Highly selective thiocyanate poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode based on a cadmium-Schiff's base complex.

A PVC membrane electrode based on a cadmium-salen (N,N'-bis-salicylidene-1,2-ethylenediamine) complex as an anion carrier is described. The electrode has an anti-Hofmeister selectivity sequence with a preference for thiocyanate at pH 1.5-11.0. It has a linear response to thiocyanate from 1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-1) mol L(-1) with a slope of 59.1 +/- 0.2 mV per decade, and a detection limit of 7 x 10(-7) mol L(-1). This electrode has high selectivity for thiocyanate relative to many common organic and inorganic anions. The proposed sensor has a fast response time of approximately 15 s. It was applied to the determination of thiocyanate in a milk sample.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Reduction of methylene blue by thiocyanate: kinetic and thermodynamic aspects.

This article reports the reduction of methylene blue (MB) by thiocyanate ions (SCN(-)) in aqueous and micellar solutions. Thiocyanate ions are found to be an effective reducing agent for the decolorization of methylene blue under ambient condition. Effects of salting-in and salting-out agents have been investigated for real-time application in the reduction process. The salting-in agent urea has been found to uniquely enhance the rate of the reduction of MB by thiocyanate ion in the presence of micelles. Again, the catalytic activity of nanoparticles in the reduction of MB has also been studied. Detailed kinetic and thermodynamic aspects have been considered to realize the interaction between methylene blue and thiocyanate. Kinetic studies revealed that the reaction is reversible and follows first-order reaction kinetics.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Microbiological bioassay of erythromycin thiocyanate: optimisation and validation.

The validation of an analytical method for the quantitative determination of erythromycin thiocyanate formulated in an antibiotic preparation for veterinary use was carried out. This method is based on the microbiological method described in the European Pharmacopoeia to analyze erythromycin thiocyanate as a raw material. This erythromycin thiocyanate preparation is presented as a powder for oral administration after mixing with feed. For that reason, it was planned to validate the method for the quantitative determination of erythromycin thiocyanate incorporated both in the medicated premix and the mixture with feed. The microbiological method followed a linear model and was not proportional. The number of replicates needed to obtain a valid result was less than four in all cases. The small difference in concentration, expressed in natural logarithm detected by the method, was 0.1.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Regioselective bond cleavage in the dissociative electron transfer to benzyl thiocyanates: the role of radical/ion pair formation.

Important aspects of the electrochemical reduction of a series of substituted benzyl thiocyanates were investigated. A striking change in the reductive cleavage mechanism as a function of the substituent on the aryl ring of the benzyl thiocyanate was observed, and more importantly, a regioselective bond cleavage was encountered. A reductive alpha-cleavage (CH(2)-S bond) was seen for cyano and nitro-substituted benzyl thiocyanates leading to the formation of the corresponding nitro-substituted dibenzyls. With other substituents (CH(3)O, CH(3), H, Cl, and F), both the alpha (CH(2)-S) and the beta (S-CN) bonds could be cleaved as a result of an electrochemical reduction leading to the formation of the corresponding substituted monosulfides, disulfides, and toluenes. These final products are generated through either a protonation or a nucleophilic reaction of the two-electron reduction-produced anion on the parent molecule. The dissociative electron transfer theory and its extension to the formation/dissociation of radical anions, as well as its extension to the case of strong in-cage interactions between the produced fragments ("sticky" dissociative electron transfer (ET)), along with the theoretical calculation results helped rationalize (i) the observed change in the ET mechanism, (ii) the dissociation of the radical anion intermediates formed during the electrochemical reduction of the nitro-substituted benzyl thiocyanates, and more importantly (iii) the regioselective reductive bond cleavage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

A novel three-dimensional cadmium(II) coordination polymer incorporating 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene and thiocyanate.

In the title complex, poly[cadmiumII-mu2-1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-di-mu2-thiocyanato], [Cd(NCS)2(C12H12N6)]n, the CdII atom lies on an inversion centre in a distorted octahedral environment. Four N atoms from the thiocyanate and 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (bbtz) ligands occupy the equatorial positions, and two S atoms from symmetry-related thiocyanate ligands occupy the axial positions. The benzene ring of the bbtz ligand lies about an inversion centre. Single thiocyanate bridges link the CdII atoms into two-dimensional sheets containing novel 16-membered [Cd4(mu-NCS-N:S)4] rings. The bbtz ligands further link these two-dimensional sheets into an unprecedented covalent three-dimensional network for the cadmium-thiocyanate system.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Thiocyanate ion-selective PVC membrane electrode based on N,N'-ethylene-bis(4-methylsalicylidineiminato)nickel(II).

A highly selective poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode based on an N,N'-ethylene-bis(4-methyl-salicylidineiminato) nickel(II) [Ni(EBMSI)] complex as a carrier for a thiocyanate-selective electrode is reported. The influences of the membrane composition, pH and possible interfering anions were investigated based on the response properties of the electrode. The electrode exhibited a good Nernstian slope of -58.9 +/- 0.7 mV decade(-1), over a wide pH range of 3.5 - 8.5 and a linear range of 1.0 x 10(-6) - 1.0 x 10(-1) M for thiocyanate. The detection limit of electrode was 3.1 x 10(-7) M SCN(-). The selectivity coefficients determined by a fixed interference method (FIM) indicate that a good discriminating ability towards the SCN- ion compared to other anions. The proposed sensor had a fast response time of about 5 - 15 s and could be used for at least 3 months without any considerable divergence in the potential. It was applied as an indicator electrode in the titration of thiocyanate with Ag+ and in the potentiometric determination of thiocyanate in saliva and urine samples.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous determination of thiocyanate and salicylate by a combined UV-spectrophotometric detection principal component artificial neural network.

A modified principle component artificial neural network (PC-ANN) model is developed for simultaneous determination of thiocyanate and salycilate concentration after passing through the bulk of a liquid membrane by tri-phenyl benzyl phosphonium chloride. All calibration, and test samples data were obtained using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In this way, a modified PC-ANN consisting of three layers of nodes was trained by combination of Bayesian-Levenberg-Marquardt as training rule. Sigmoid and liner transfer functions were used in the hidden and output layers respectively to facilitate nonlinear calibration. The model could accurately estimate the concentration of components with acceptable precision and accuracy, for mixtures. The PC-ANN model exhibits a good ability for the simultaneous determination of the thiocyanate and salycilate in concentration range 0.5 x 10(-4) mol.l(-1) up to 5.0 x 10(-4) mol.l(-1) with Root Mean square error (2.22% and 2.20%, for thiocyanate and salycilate, respectively) and high correlation coefficients (R2= 0.998 or greater). Results obtained with modified trained PC-ANN were compared with stepwise linear regression (SMLR) model. Validation of the two models shows a better ability in estimation of the modified PC-ANN as compared with the SMLR model (MSRE given are 3.12%, 6.31%.).

Neural Networks, Computer↗