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PubMed2005

Colourants in transferable picture tattoos for the skin.

Transferable picture tattoos for the skin are popular among children. There is however very little knowledge about the colourants that may be present in the picture tattoos and thus of the risk of contact allergic reactions. In the present investigation, 36 picture tattoos were analysed for the content of 129 organic colourants listed in the Cosmetic Directive, to which these products should comply as they are used on the skin. Only 11 of the cosmetic colourants could be identified in the analysed samples. Allergenic potential of 7 of these colourants (CI 15850, CI 11920, CI 45220, CI 75300, CI 13015, CI 45100 and CI 15525, maximum concentration 35-4479 p.p.m.) was evaluated on the basis of published scientific data. Only scarce information regarding contact allergy to these substances was found in the available literature. Most information in the literature regarding contact allergy has concerned CI 75300, curcumin, which is reported to have caused a few cases of contact allergy as a colourant in food or in disinfectants used prior to surgery. In no case, allergic reactions to any of the colourants have been verified from transferable picture tattoos. On the basis of this investigation, the risk of allergic reactions from the colourants in the transferable picture tattoos seems to be limited.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

The removal of amateur tattoos by salabrasion.

Due to the recent upsurge in self-inflicted tattoos in teenagers it was decided to employ for their removal the method of salabrasion, i.e. abrasion with table salt. This technique was recently used by Manchester (1973, 1974) for the removal of commercial tattoos. Fourteen patients with twenty-eight tattoo or only tiny flecks of pigment remaining visible; eleven showed a fair response, i.e. the tatoo, although much lighter in colour, was still legible but the patient was satisfied with the result; three showed a poor response, i.e. the tattoo appeared as if untreated; four (two patients) defaulted. In general, as could be expected, the darker the tattoo the more difficult was its removal and those on fingers were particularly resistant.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Tattoo removal using infra-red coagulation: a dose comparison.

Using an infra-red coagulator, 42 tattoos were treated using pulses of 1.125 s (27 tattoos) or 1.25 s (15 tattoos). Treatment failures occurred only in three professional tattoos. Amateur tattoos were satisfactorily treated in over 80% of cases regardless of dose. Deeper collagen necrosis occurred with 1.25 s, but scarring was clinically similar. Pre-treatment biopsy to assess pigment depth was of no value in selection of the optimum pulse duration and increased the complication rate. The possible mechanism of pigment removal is discussed.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1992

Sarcoidosis presenting with a granulomatous reaction confined to red tattoos.

A patient with sarcoidosis who presented with a granulomatous tattoo reaction is described. Although tattoo granulomata usually represent a local hypersensitivity reaction to tattoo pigments, they can be a manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis. In this case the lesions were confined to the red areas of tattoos suggesting that tattoo sarcoid may be more than just an example of the Koebner response.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tattooing and hepatitis B infection.

To determine the prevalence of HBV carrier status in tattooed persons, 200 healthy, tattooed volunteers and 200 non-tattooed volunteers to match the first group for age, sex and ethnic group were screened. Prevalence of HBsAg in tattooed and non-tattooed volunteers was 19.5 and 9% respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in the prevalence in various age groups, ethnic groups, or sex, between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The Q-switched Alexandrite laser's effects on tattoos in guinea pigs and harvested human skin.

BACKGROUND: Developmental work in tattoo removal is currently carried out in animal models whose skin has different optical and mechanical properties from human skin. OBJECTIVE: To observe laser effects on tattoos in a new human skin model and that of in vivo guinea pig skin. METHODS: A comparison of the efficacy of the Q-switched Alexandrite laser (750 nm, 100-120 nanoseconds) in tattooed harvested human skin and guinea pig skin was performed. Visual assessments as well as histologic and electron microscopy evaluation before and after treatment are reported. RESULTS: Mild to moderate clearing of black tattoo pigment, as judged by visual assessment, was found after one laser treatment in both the in vitro human skin model and guinea pig skin. Blue and green ink showed similar results to black ink in human skin whereas red and yellow ink did not respond in our model. CONCLUSION: Possible mechanisms of tattoo lightening and the usefulness of the in vitro human skin model are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Allergic reactions to tattoo pigment after laser treatment.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous allergic reactions to pigments found in tattoos are not infrequent. Cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) is the most common cause of allergic reactions in tattoos and is probably related to a cell-mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of these case presentations is to describe a previously unreported complication of tattoo removal with two Q-switched lasers. RESULTS: Two patients without prior histories of skin disease experienced localized as well as widespread allergic reactions after treatment of their tattoos with two Q-switched lasers. CONCLUSION: The Q-switched ruby and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers target intracellular tattoo pigment, causing rapid thermal expansion that fragments pigment-containing cells and causes the pigment to become extracellular. This extracellular pigment is then recognized by the immune system as foreign.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The treatment of benign pigmented lesions and tattoos with the Q-switched ruby laser. A comparative study using the 5.0- and 6.5-mm spot size.

BACKGROUND: The Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) is useful in the treatment of benign pigmented lesions and tattoos. Two spot sizes are available in the QSRL (5 and 6.5 mm). It has not been shown if one spot size is more efficacious in the treatment of benign pigmented lesions and tattoos. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical lightening and side effects observed with the 5.0- and 6.5-mm spot sizes of the QSRL in the treatment of benign pigmented lesions and tattoos. METHODS: Eleven patients with 12 benign pigmented lesions or tattoos were prospectively studied with the QSRL. Half of the lesion was treated with the 5.0-mm spot size while the other half was treated with the 6.5-mm spot size. Clinical lightening of the lesion was assessed using pretreatment and posttreatment photographs. RESULTS: No significant clinical difference in the lightening of lesions or in the side effect profile was observed with either spot size. CONCLUSIONS: The 5.0- and 6.5-mm spot sizes of the QSRL are equally efficacious in the removal of benign pigmented lesions and tattoos. It seems prudent to use the 6.5-mm spot size when treating large lesions to reduce treatment time, patient discomfort, and treatment cost.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Watchmaker's pin-vise for manual tattooing of vitiligo.

BACKGROUND: Tattooing is a commonly used procedure for camouflage of depigmented lesions, especially in vitiligo. OBJECTIVE: To find a cheap and effective instrument for manual tattooing. METHODS: A watchmaker's pin-vise has been described for use as an instrument along with sewing needles for tattooing in vitiligo. RESULTS: A watchmaker's pin-vise is a cheap and effective for manual tattooing of vitiligo. CONCLUSION: A watchmaker's pin-vise loaded with sewing needles is an effective, cheap, and sterilizable instrument for tattooing. Sewing needles can be used as disposable needles.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Public health aspects of tattooing among Australian adults.

Medical, criminological and psychiatric literatures have pointed to risks associated with tattooing, but most of this work has been conducted with samples which have other known risk factors or disturbances. This paper investigates the reasons, experiences, methods, and perceived consequences of obtaining tattoos among a sample of Australian adults. The findings complement, extend and in some respects contrast with earlier research. Like other researchers, we found that most people acquire tattoos when they are relatively young. Unlike earlier research, we did not find widespread dissatisfaction and regret. Sex differences emerged in location and design of tattoos. A majority of tattooed people report awareness of others' negative stereotypes of them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Tattooing, piercing, healthy behaviours and health value.

This study was designed to investigate whether people who engage more frequently in healthy behaviours, and attach a higher value to health, are likely to engage less frequently in tattooing and piercing. One hundred and eight participants with tattoos and/or piercings completed questionnaires including the Reported Health Behaviours Checklist and the Health Value Scale. There were no significant relationships between healthy behaviours, health value and numbers of tattoos or piercings. A significant proportion of pierced and tattooed participants had not considered possible health risks, and those that had were often unaware of potentially serious health problems. Results are discussed in terms of health guidelines for tattooing and piercing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Body piercing and tattooing perspectives.

This descriptive, correlational study surveyed 79 pierced and/or tattooed participants to determine reasons why people pierce and tattoo their bodies and to assess participants' knowledge of health risks involved in body alteration procedures. Participants queried represented a wide age range-between 19 and 55. Results showed that participants perceived few health risks involving piercing and tattooing and desired additional piercings and/or tattoos. Individual expression was an important body alteration motivation for both piercing and tattooing. These findings underscore the importance of health care professionals' maintaining nonjudgmental attitudes about those who alter their bodies, there by facilitating important health education concerning related health risks. Suggestions for nursing applications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tattooing: the protection of the public health.

Tattooing is the ancient art form of introducing pigment under the surface of the skin by the use of a needle. This process, using an unsterile technique, can cause the spread of disease. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been reported to have been spread via this route. Controlling the spread of AIDS is a great public health concern. Tattooing must be regulated on a state or federal level to insure that the techniques used do not promote the spread of disease. Currently, government regulation of tattooing ranges from complete prohibition to no regulation at all. The following article examines existing regulation of tattooing. The author recommends that states pass legislation to insure that the standards of hygiene used by the tattoo artists will prevent the spread of disease. The author has included a model of such legislation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Risks associated with tattooing and body piercing.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of including cosmetic body-piercing and tattooing in HIV prevention and education. Little information about risks associated with tattoos or having one's body pierced is evident in the health promotion and disease prevention literature, particularly among adolescents, ethnic groups, and incarcerated populations. It is incumbent that preventionists address behaviors such as tattooing and body piercing as possible vectors for HIV transmission in addition to typical concerns (homosexuality, i.v. drug use, condom use and safer sex practices). This article draws attention to the need for formation of regulatory policy issues related to body piercing and tattooing parlors. Currently, 26 percent of the states have regulatory authority over tattooing establishments, while only 4 states exercise such authority over body-piercing establishments. Implications for future research and policy initiatives are identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Removal of tattoos by CO2 laser and acetic acid].

The Authors pay attention to small tattoo removal by means of the utilization of the CO2 laser. Moreover, the Authors emphasize the drawback of double treatment which, usually, the patient suffers in tattoo removal by CO2 laser. Then, the pressure of the Authors is small sized tattoo removal in only one sitting achieving so an excellent esthetic result. Besides, the Authors, in this medical study, explains two methods for tattoo removal. In the study's results, the Authors describes the manner and the time of the two lesion recovery by the different manners of treatment. Finally, the Authors affirms the great consequence of the surgical CO2 laser, they don't fail, however, to affirm that the laser and acetic acid combination is an excellent procedure for small tattoo removal.

Acetates↗
PubMed2004

The use of the hairless guinea pig in tattoo research.

The study and optimization of tattoo removal continues to be of importance in the dermatology community. Robust animal models whose skin is physiologically similar to humans and who are easily handled are desirable. To this end, we report on our experience with the hairless guinea pig as a model for tattoo research. This research was conducted as part of a larger study toward increased efficacy of laser tattoo removal. Here we report on procedures for both placement and aftercare of tattoos which result in superior tattoo quality and retention.

Aftercare↗
PubMed2004

Correctional Service Canada to undertake Safer Tattooing Practices Initiative.

In 1994, the Expert Committee on AIDS and Prisons recommended that tattooing equipment and supplies be authorized for use in federal correctional institutions, and that prisoners who would offer tattooing services to other prisoners be instructed on how to use tattooing equipment safely. Ten years later, Correctional Service Canada (CSC) has finally announced that, as part of a Safer Tattooing Practices Initiative, it will set up safer tattooing pilot projects in six federal prisons in 2004, and evaluate the initiative.

Canada↗
PubMed2006

Urticaria and angioneurotic edema due to the temporary henna tattoo.

Temporary henna tattoo, which has become popular among young people, is obtained from the mixture of the plants Lawsonia alba or Lawsonia inermis and paraphenylenediamine (PPD). In forming reactions frequent development of anti-PPD substance is noticed. A 13-year old boy who started itching, erythema, enduration on the application area, increasingly urticarial rash, conjunctivitis and swelling of the lips 48 h after being applied the temporary henna tattoo was hospitalized. He had a local reaction to henna tattoo when he was 5-year old. He was treated with parenteral corticosteroids and oral antihistaminic drugs. Skin reactions persisted for 18 days. The patient showed no early reaction to henna 10% and PPD 1% concentration in saline solution but did late reaction (after 48 h) to PPD in diameter of 12x13 mm in prick test in 3 weeks after the reaction. A case who developed angioneurotic edema and urticaria to temporary henna tattoo noticed that the henna tattoo is not an innocent application and young people need to be informed on this subject.

Administration, Oral↗