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Results for “Structural validation”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The objective structured clinical examination for general practice: design, validity and reliability.

This paper describes and analyses an experimental clinical examination for general practice. Differences in the results obtained by fourth year students, fifth year students and trainee general practitioners highlight some of the dilemmas of medical education. It is concluded that examinations which include clinical tests can increase the credibility of general practice examinations, can be reliably applied to small groups of candidates and therefore have considerable potential for formative assessment. The constraints of assuring inter-examiner reliability in a multicentre design, together with its labour intensive nature, would however make this type of examination difficult to adapt to the needs of national end-of-training examinations.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1979

An admissions interview to measure "good" dentist attributes.

This study reports on the validity of a structured, standardized interview designed for selecting applicants for dental schools. The interview provides a score on nongrade attributes in 14 dimensions and was based on characteristics of successful dentists. A class of 86 fourth-year dental students at the University of Iowa was interviewed. Sufficient validity was found to justify the use of the interview for admissions purposes for the 1978 class.

Dentists↗
PubMed1985

Inpatient group treatment on short-term acute care units.

The diverse levels of individual functioning and constantly changing membership in short-term acute care groups challenge the development of true group process. The authors review the recently developing literature on short-term acute care groups, emphasizing the unique characteristics of the groups, their goals, and the therapeutic techniques that can be used to lead them. They then present an approach to short-term acute care therapy that is based on five processes identified in the literature as therapeutic for inpatient ward milieus: containment, support, structure, involvement, and validation. The applicability of the processes to the ward group serves to unify group therapy with other ongoing inpatient treatment.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1994

A structured pictorial questionnaire to assess DSM-III-R-based diagnoses in children (6-11 years): development, validity, and reliability.

This paper presents a structured pictorial instrument, the Dominic questionnaire, to assess mental disorders in 6- to 11-year-old children. Ninety-nine drawings represent situations corresponding to DSM-III-R based ADHD, CD, ODD, MDD, SAD, OAD, and SPh. However, cognitive limitation of 6- to 11-year-old children do not allow for time-related measurement. The instrument takes 15-20 min to administer. Reliability and validity of the Dominic questionnaire were studied in Parent DISC-2 positive and negative outpatient and general population samples and against clinical judgement. The pictorial approach provides acceptable test-retest reliability and the instrument makes standardized assessment possible for children as young as 6 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The validation of a diabetes patient knowledge test.

Diabetes knowledge tests, used in conjunction with measures of patient attitudes and behaviors, can provide a useful basis for assessing educational needs and designing appropriate instructional experiences. Accurate decisions require instruments that measure patient knowledge of diabetes and its management with high reliability and validity. Data obtained from more than 950 administrations of two parallel forms of a Diabetes Patient Knowledge Test have provided documentation of patient knowledge levels, insight into the effectiveness of educational programs, and support for ongoing program revisions. These data have also allowed study of the psychometric properties of the test instruments, including factor structure, reliability, and validity. Each test form has an overall reliability of 0.89 and the forms are of equal difficulty. Five subcomponents (factors) labeled "Carbohydrates," "Blood Sugar," "Basics," "Food Exchanges," and "Insulin Administration" are measured in the tests. Evidence of content, construct, concurrent, and discriminant validity has been demonstrated.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Solution structure of PMP-D2, a 35-residue peptide isolated from the insect Locusta migratoria.

The three-dimensional solution structure of PMP-D2, a 35 amino acid peptide isolated from the insect Locusta migratoria, has been determined from two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy data. The structure calculations were performed from 222 NOE-derived interproton distances and 11 dihedral angles calculated from the JHN-H alpha coupling constants, using either a combination of distance geometry and restrained simulated annealing or by restrained simulated annealing alone. PMP-D2 contains three disulfide bridges that have been assigned from NMR data and structure calculations and independently confirmed using chemical and enzymatic methods. The core region of PMP-D2 adopts a compact globular fold, stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, which consists of a short three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues 8-11, 15-19, and 25-29. Back-calculation of the NOESY spectra was used to validate the final structures. Analysis of the CD spectra of PMP-D2 under various conditions of ionic strength and in the presence of organic solvents demonstrates the high stability of this molecule. PMP-D2 was recently shown to inhibit Ca2+ currents. This activity is discussed based on the comparison of PMP-D2 three-dimensional structure with the recently established three-dimensional structure of the Ca2+ channel blocker omega-conotoxin GVIA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

The admission interview: the validity question.

This study reports on the validity of a structured, standardized admission interview for dentistry. An entire class of 86 fourth-year dental students at The University of Iowa was studied, and the relationships between information from the interview, faculty ratings, and numerous dental and predental academic data were compared. Many correlations were found to be significant, which permitted technical description of three aspects of validity: concurrent, content, and construct. Reliability of both the instrument and the interview method were shown to affect validity.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

Psychometric evaluation of an inventory for assessment of parental rearing practices. A Dutch form of the EMBU.

The EMBU, an instrument which was designed to assess one's memories of parental rearing behaviour, was psychometrically evaluated. Principal component factor analysis of data of a mixed sample of 841 non-institutionalized phobic individuals revealed four factors which were termed Rejection, Emotional warmth, Over-protection and Favouring subject, thereby contributing to the convergent (cross-national) reliability and validity of the structural model of perceived parental behaviour. Besides the utilization of data from aforementioned phobic sample, the scales' internal consistency was assessed in data of five additional samples, which consisted of 277 'normals', 40 agoraphobics, 29 social phobics, 21 height phobics and 38 obsessive-compulsive neurotics, and found to be very satisfactory. In the normal and mixed phobic sample, validity measures were shown to be acceptable and to be independent of the parent's sex. Furthermore, findings suggested that the fact that retrospective data is being measured with the scales does not threaten the reliability and validity of gathered information due to faulty recall or falsified accounts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Molecular modelling of the Dolichos biflorus seed lectin and its specific interactions with carbohydrates: alpha-D-N-acetyl-galactosamine, Forssman disaccharide and blood group A trisaccharide.

The three-dimensional structure of Dolichos biflorus seed lectin has been constructed using five legume lectins for which high resolution crystal structures were available. The validity of the resulting model has been thoroughly investigated. Final structure optimization was conducted for the lectin complexed with alpha GalNAc, providing thereby the first three-dimensional structure of lectin/GalNAc complex. The role of the N-acetyl group was clearly evidenced by the occurrence of a strong hydrogen bond between the protein and the carbonyl oxygen of the carbohydrate and by hydrophobic interaction between the methyl group and aromatic amino acids. Since the lectin specificity is maximum for the Forssman disaccharide alpha GalNAc(1-3) beta GalNAc-O-Me and the blood group A trisaccharide alpha GalNAc(1-3)[alpha Fuc(1-2)] beta Gal-O-Me, the complexes with these oligosaccharides have been also modelled.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

SESAM: a relational database for structure and sequence of macromolecules.

A system is described that provides ways of integrating data on protein structure, sequence, and survey results, with molecular graphics and molecular mechanics software. Its major component is the relational database SESAM, presently implemented under the commercial package SYBASE. By design, the database allows full integration--within the same data organization--of raw data on protein structure, sequence, ligands, and heterogroups, obtained from the Brookhaven Protein Databank, with pure sequence information available from other databanks such as SWISS-PROT. It contains in addition higher level descriptions of structural and topological properties, as well as survey results, obtained by executing specialized computer programs. Aside from the very useful attribute of closely combining structural and nonstructural information, other important features distinguish it from analogous systems developed elsewhere. It includes a molecular dictionary with complete description of geometric properties and energy parameters used in modeling and conformational energy calculations. Using this dictionary, structural data are validated by checking for localized inconsistencies in atomic coordinates, atomic symbols, chirality definitions, and flagging errors and incomplete entries. Because of both the dictionary and the validation procedures, SESAM can be readily interfaced with conventional molecular graphics and mechanics software packages, or with other specialized application programs. With the aid of appropriate interfaces, data access is sufficiently fast for SESAM to be interrogated interactively. Prototypes of user interfaces, as well as an interface with the molecular graphics package BRUGEL, are described and the power of the system is illustrated in applications such as homology-based protein modeling, computer-aided protein design, protein structure predictions, analysis of local structure motifs, and of relationships between protein sequence and structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Validity and generalizability of global ratings in an objective structured clinical examination.

The performance of foreign medical graduates on multistation standardized patient-based tests and used to determine the validity and generalizability of global ratings of their clinical competence made by expert examiners. Data were derived from the entrance examinations of the 1989 and 1990 applicants to the Ontario Pre-Internship Program and the exit examination of 24 participants from the 1989 cohort. For each candidate, the examiners completed a detailed checklist and two five-point global ratings dealing with the candidate's approach to the patients' problem and attitude toward the patient. Generalizability coefficients for both ratings were satisfactory and stable across cohorts. Construct validity of the global ratings was demonstrated by comparing entry and exit ratings and by evidence of significant and positive correlations between the global ratings and total test scores. Tentative evidence of criterion validity of the global ratings was demonstrated. These findings suggest that global ratings by expert examiners can be used as an effective form of assessment in multistation standardized patient examinations.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Body image, body dysphoria, and dietary restraint: factor structure in nonclinical subjects.

The principal aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of several assessment methods used to measure dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and body image. Factor analysis was employed to identify and confirm the primary constructs measured by these assessment methods. A total of 206 undergraduate women were recruited as subjects. This sample was divided into two subsets of 100 and 106 subjects. On the first subset, principle components analysis identified three factors: body dysphoria, dietary restraint, and body image. With the second subset of subjects, confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated this factor structure. A two factor solution, body dysphoria and dietary restraint, was identified and confirmed when the body image measure was converted to a self-minus-ideal discrepancy score. These findings are discussed in relation to the definition of control groups to be used in studies of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Guidelines for the selection of measures for each of the three factors also are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence.

Adherence to the medical regimen continues to rank as a major clinical problem in the management of patients with essential hypertension, as in other conditions treated with drugs and life-style modification. This article reviews the psychometric properties and tests the concurrent and predictive validity of a structured four-item self-reported adherence measure (alpha reliability = 0.61), which can be easily integrated into the medical visit. Items in the scale address barriers to medication-taking and permit the health care provider to reinforce positive adherence behaviors. Data on patient adherence to the medical regimen were collected at the end of a formalized 18-month educational program. Blood pressure measurements were recorded throughout a 3-year follow-up period. Results showed the scale to demonstrate both concurrent and predictive validity with regard to blood pressure control at 2 years and 5 years, respectively. Seventy-five percent of the patients who scored high on the four-item scale at year 2 had their blood pressure under adequate control at year 5, compared with 47% under control at year 5 for those patients scoring low (P less than 0.01).

Humans↗
PubMed1992

MD simulation of subtilisin BPN' in a crystal environment.

In this paper we present a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of subtilisin BPN' in a crystalline environment containing four protein molecules and solvent. Conformational and dynamic properties of the molecules are compared with each other and with respect to the X-ray structure to test the validity of the force field. The agreement between simulated and experimental structure using the GROMOS force field is better than that obtained in the literature using other force fields for protein crystals. The overall shape of the molecule is well preserved, as is the conformation of alpha-helices and beta-strands. Structural differences are mainly found in loop regions. Solvent networks found in the X-ray structure were reproduced by the simulation, which was unbiased with respect to the crystalline hydration structure. These networks seem to play an important role in the stability of the protein; evidence of this is found in the structure of the active site. The weak ion binding site in the X-ray structure of subtilisin BPN' is occupied by a monovalent ion. When a calcium ion is placed in the initial structure, three peptide ligands are replaced by 5 water ligands, whereas a potassium ion retains (in part) its original ligands. Existing force fields yield a reliable method to probe local structure and short-time dynamics of proteins, providing an accuracy of about 0.1 nm.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1991

Three-dimensional structure of murine anti-p-azophenylarsonate Fab 36-71. 2. Structural basis of hapten binding and idiotypy.

Comparison between the structures and solvent-accessible surfaces of the antigen-binding fragments of two murine anti-p-azophenylarsonate monoclonal antibodies, one bearing a major cross-reactive idiotype of A/J strain mice (36-71) and one lacking the idiotype (R19.9; Lascombe et al., 1989), highlight the structural basis for the determination of hapten affinity and idiotypy. Since the sequence of R 19.9 is identical with the germline-encoded sequence at 16 positions in both heavy-chain and light-chain variable regions where somatic mutations and junctional differences have occurred to produce the 36-71 sequence, the structure of R 19.9 can be used to model the structure of the germline-encoded antibody (36-65) in the regions around these sites. These 16 sequence differences exclude the third heavy-chain complementarity-determining region because R 19.9 utilizes a D gene segment not associated with the predominant idiotype, which is 4 residues longer than the canonical D gene segment utilized in the sequences of 36-71 and 36-65. This difference between the structures of R 19.9 and 36-71 does not affect the validity of using the structure of R 19.9 to model the structure of 36-65 since the third heavy-chain complementarity-determining region is highly solvent-exposed in both 36-71 and R 19.9, and does not interact with any of these 16 sites. Comparing the structures of 36-71 and R 19.9 suggests that only three of the differences in the heavy-chain sequences, and three of the differences in the light-chain sequences of 36-71 and 36-65, increase the affinity for hapten.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Predicting common foldings of homologous RNAs.

A new approach is proposed for determining common RNA secondary structures within a set of homologous RNAs. The approach is a combination of phylogenetic and thermodynamic methods which is based on the prediction of optimal and suboptimal secondary structures, topological similarity searches and phylogenetic comparative analysis. The optimal and suboptimal RNA secondary structures are predicted by energy minimization. Structural comparison of the predicted RNA secondary structures is used to find conserved structures that are topologically similar in all these homologous RNAs. The validity of the conserved structural elements found is then checked by phylogenetic comparison of the sequences. This procedure is used to predict common structures of ribonuclease P (RNAase P) RNAs.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

The reliability of mandibular radiographic superimposition.

Using tracings from thirty pairs of serial cephalometric radiographs, the reliability of three outlines, commonly used for mandibular superimposition, was investigated. There were sizeable errors associated with all three groups, but tracings involving Björk's mandibular structures were found to be the least reliable. Despite the greater validity of the Björk structures for assessment of growth changes, in certain cases the use of the mandibular outline may be of greater value for the superimposition of tracings, especially when the time interval between the radiographs is short, or the patient has passed maturity and the growth rate has declined to a negligible level.

Adolescent↗