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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Bovine viral diarrhea virus in swine: neutralizing antibody in naturally and experimentally infected swine.

Neutralizing antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were detected in sera of Iowa farm sows, their piglets derived by hysterectomy and in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs in a closed herd. No antibodies against BVDV were detected in sera of 134 fetal pigs from 67 sows in an Iowa slaughter-house. Neutralizing antibodies against BVDV or hog cholera virus, produced experimentally in SPF pigs, were demonstrated to be due to different antigens rather than to a common antigen, although slight cross-neutralization reactions sometimes occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Hyperlipidemia in swine immunized with lapinized vaccine and live swine plague virus].

The purpose of the studies was to show the relationships between secondary hyperlipaemia and post-vaccination nephritis induced by lapinized vaccine with additional infection with the living virus of pig plague and the virus itself. CT, CF, LT, FFA and LP fractions were studied in the serum of blood taken from the vena cava cranialis from piglets weighing 30 - 40 kg, of the large white breed. In the animals of group 1, in the initial series a, series b - immunized with lapinized vaccine, series c - immunized and infected with virulent viruses, and also in group 2d - infected with the virus itself, the concentration of the lipids mentioned above was studied by the methods used elsewhere. The kidneys of the animals in series c and group 2d were examined histopathologically, staining them with h.e. and oil red solution neutral to fats. Multifocal inflammation reaction with the presence of fine-grained lipids were found. Particularly in group 2d the pathomorphological image, by its intensiveness and extensiveness pointed to severe inefficiency of kidneys. In series b and c of group 1a linear increase in the concentration of the lipids studies was found, as compared with series a. Hyperlipaemia was most distinctly marked in group 2d. This leads to the conclusion that hyperlipaemia may occur in severe viral nephritis. The extention of hyperlipaemia depends on the degree of the organ damage, which was more advanced in group 2d than in series c of group 1. Vaccination with lapinized vaccine caused a moderate increase of lipids in blood serum, which oscillated on the line of significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructural study of African swine fever virus replication in cultures of swine bone marrow cells.

Cultures from pig bone marrow cells were infected with ASFV and the replication cycle was studied. In the cytoplasmic replication areas there are a differentiation of membrane segments. Some of them are polygonal, which give rise to virus particles. An over production of viral coded materials, including non-polygonal membranes seems to be an important feature of the replicative cycle of ASFV in this cell system. Viruses are released enveloped with a cellular membrane. Paracrystalline arrays of viruses are seldom seen in the cytoplasm. At no time did we see viruses in the nucleus. Infected cells showed marked cytopathic effect, beginning at early times post infection.

African Swine Fever Virus↗
PubMed2000

The concentration of swine production. Effects on swine health, productivity, human health, and the environment.

The concern about environmental issues centering around CAFOs is appropriate. The veterinary profession can be an important force in meeting these challenges by broadening its scope of knowledge and practice into the broader environmental field. Although animal agriculture's contribution to environmental concerns is the focus of this article, it is only one of several sectors that contributes to environmental degradation. Crop production, as well as livestock production industries, contribute to pollution. Manufacturing industries, municipalities, private individuals, our consumptive lifestyles, and agriculture all contribute to the degradation of our environment. One must keep in mind the huge importance of our agricultural industry and not single it out to the detriment of its progress. We have an abundance of high-quality foods at the lowest cost to the individual of any industrialized nation. We export over 40 billion dollars in agricultural products yearly. Agriculture sustains our rural economies and provides opportunities for over 2 million private enterprises scattered across the country; however, there is a goal that we have a sustainable agriculture. A big part of that depends on development and enhancement of an agriculture that does not pollute, that sustains its farm operators and workers, and that does not make the area residents ill or degrade their quality of life; however, the current situation is not promising. Much remains to be learned about the actual acute and long-term health consequences of animal agricultural pollution. Many health concerns are speculative, even though based on sound facts. We know that many surface waters have excess N and P that leads to eutrophication and possibly enhanced growth of undesirable organisms such as Pfiesteria piscicida. We know that other animal pathogens, such as cryptosporidia, have caused large community outbreaks. There are other potential pathogens, such as Salmonella sp, for which we do not know the hazard. We know that our soils may become excessively laden with P, Cu, and Zn, which retard plant growth and create toxic conditions for grazing animals. There are concerns about air pollution. Odors have negative sensory and physical health consequences. H2S and dust may cause toxic effects on neighbors. NH3 vaporizing from manure sources may be carried with precipitation to cause eutrophication in lakes or altered ecosystems in natural areas. CH4 escaping from degrading manure contributes to greenhouse gases. Workers in confined livestock structures have high risk for a variety of chronic respiratory conditions. They also are at risk for acute poisoning from H2S in operations where liquid manure is stored in confined spaces. There have been numerous health complaints in recent years from community neighbors of large-scale livestock operations. One study showed adverse altered mood states, and another showed evidence of respiratory illness similar to what workers experience. Although it has not been possible to objectively measure conditions and know toxic levels of substances causing these illnesses, there are so-called extratoxic mechanisms, such as inherent aversion to putrefactive odors and exacerbation of preexisting conditions that lower the tolerance threshold. Environmental concerns regarding livestock production are not new. In the early and mid-1970s, there were many conferences and publications regarding odors and water contamination from livestock operations. Although most of what is known in this area has been known for 20 years, relatively little effective efforts have been made to correct the concerns. In fact, trends over this past decade have increased the concerns. This past decade has seen a tremendous acceleration in the concentration and consolidation of agriculture, capping a slow trend over the past 50 years toward larger, fewer, and more-specialized farms. This trend has gone against the old saying that "dilution is the solution to pollution.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

[Vitamin A requirements of growing swine. 3. Effect of vitamin A supply on the state of health of piglets and fattening swine].

Diseases and losses were registered in dependence on vitamin A supply with 2,035 pigs (6.5-114 kg live weight). The histologic examinations comprised various organs of 72 animals. The content of the main protein fractions as well as antibody titre after supplementing antigenes were determined in the serum of 104 animals. The feeding of a vitamin-A- and carotinefree casein-starch-respectively a Vitamin-A-free cereal-soybeanmeal-diet led to deficiency symptoms after 7-8 respectively 16-19 weeks of experiment particularly in the shape of nervous disturbances and voice affectations. Histologically a hyperplasia and a metaplasia of the epithelium of the big ducts in the salivory gland could be proved. The repletion of a part of the avitaminotic animals by means of oral (500 I.U./kg feed) and parenteral (500,000 to 1,000,000 I.U. i.m.) vitamin A administration is proof of a lack of vitamin A. Vitamin A and provitamin dosage did not influence diseases and losses with the exception of the occurrence of deficiency symptoms. The protein content of the serum as well as that of the globulin fractions alpha, beta, gamma did not change, the albumin content was lower in the groups without vitamin A (p greater than 0.05). Antibody titre against the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella dublin and human gamma globulin were diminished in piglets and fattening pigs fed vitamin A free (p less than 0.05). Taking the criterion of animal health, a vitamin A requirement higher than for growth (250 I.U./kg feed) cannot be derived.

Age Factors↗