Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SWIMMING POOLS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mycobacteria in swimming pool water and the meaning of microbiological conventional indicators].

Monitoring program of hygienic quality water in twelve public swimming pools was performed. Legally required microbiological indicator parameters of safety for gastrointestinal illness were measured besides the analyses of Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. prevalence, frequency of recovery and number of nontuberculous mycobacteria. We detected positive samples for coliforms at lower rate (29.3%) than Pseudomonas (75.5%), Staphylococcus spp. (46%) and Mycobacteria (59.4%). We pointed out statistically significant correlation (r=0.67 p=0.0001) between Mycobacteria and Pseudomonas so we think that the latter might be a good predictive marker. As 82% of samples had free chlorine residual within the limits stated by Italian Laws, the efficacy of chlorination to prevent risk of infectious diseases transmission by route other than gastroenteric was discussed. A revision of both the sanitary significance of conventional microbial parameters and the related regulations appears necessary.

Mycobacterium↗
PubMed1977

Otitis externa due to Pseudomonas in swimming pool bathers.

An outbreak of otitis externa was observed to affect one third of 230 swimmers using a new swimming pool within three weeks of its opening. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown from the water and from all of the nine swabs taken from the infected ears of the swimmers. During the same period only six other cases of otitis externa were seen in the local general practice serving 4,000 patients. The disinfection procedures were found to be defective and after they were corrected the outbreak subsided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Awareness of swimming pool suction injury among tour operators.

A 6 year old girl suffered rectal prolapse after being sucked onto a swimming pool drain from which the cover had been removed. After six days in hospital she made a full recovery. The severe form of this injury may result in evisceration of small bowel, short bowel syndrome, and the need for long term parenteral nutrition. A survey of travel agents revealed a low awareness of this potentially devastating hazard, and a failure on the part of some companies to take adequate responsibility for customer safety. Preventive measures are reviewed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1980

Laboratory comparison of the effectiveness of several algicides on isolated swimming pool algae.

The most frequently encountered species of algae found in swimming pools in the Phoenix metropolitan area were used to evaluate the laboratory effectiveness of five commercially available pool chemicals used for algal control. The pool algae used were the xanthophyte Pleurochloris pyrenoidosa, the chlorophyte Oocystis sp., and the cyanophytes Phormidium minnesotense and Plectonema sp. Pad Algae Kill (a chlorine derivative) was effective in the control of all test organisms. Algaedyn, a silver-containing algicide, was effective on P. minnesotense and Plectonema sp., but caused only a slight inhibition in the growth of P. pyrenoidosa and Oocystis sp. Quarternary ammonium (Padicide) was more effective in controlling the growth of Phormidium and Plectonema than Pleurochloris and Oocystis. Algimycin (herbicide) only reduced the growth of Oocystis and was ineffective on the other species. Bio-Gard (copper) reduced the growth of Pleurochloris, but had no effect on the other test organisms. The technique used to quantify the influence of algicides on isolated pool algae appears to be adaptable to those algae that form distinct colonies on an agar substratum.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[Swimming pool granuloma--a mycobacteriosis].

We report on a patient suffering from swimming pool granuloma after having handled in fresh-water aquarium. As the causative organism, we could isolate Mycobacterium marinum from a nodular, ulcerous lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of swimming pool accidents resulting in spinal cord injury.

This paper is a summary of a study of 72 cases of swimming-pool accidents resulting in serious injuries with the potential of permanent disability. Sixty-four of the 72 cases resulted in spinal cord injuries, 57 of which involved quadriplegic lesions. The authors observed that the majority of these injuries resulted from a lack of good judgement and common sense rather than from intoxication or pool structural deficiencies. Also of note was the lack of appropriate first-aid and extrication rendered, as well as the absence of uniform treatment and care received by the majority of the patients.

Accidents↗
PubMed1994

Swimming pool chlorination: a health hazard?

A pilot study addressed potential effects of long-term exposure to chlorination products in swimming pools. The indicator compound chloroform was detectable in blood from competitive swimmers in an indoor pool (mean = 0.89 +/- 0.34 microgram/l; n = 10), but not in outdoor pool swimmers. No hepatotoxic effect was indicated by serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) enzyme levels. beta-2-microglobulin, an indicator of renal damage, was significantly elevated in urine samples of the slightly, but significantly, younger indoor swimmers. The precise ratio between these 2 possible causes, age and chloroform exposure, as well as the mechanism of the former, remain to be elucidated.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1998

Detection of adenovirus outbreak at a municipal swimming pool by nested PCR amplification.

In July 1995 an outbreak of pharyngoconjuctivitis caused by adenoviruses occurred among athletes participating in a swimming contest in a town in southern Greece (Peloponnese). At least 80 persons displayed symptoms of the illness, with the predominant ones being high fever, sore throat, conjuctivitis, headache, and abdominal pain. Poor chlorination was probably the cause of the outbreak (residual chlorine <0.2 mg/l), as after hyperchlorination the spread of adenoviruses stopped. Rapid detection of adenoviruses in the municipal swimming pool water by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification allowed quick control of the outbreak.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2003

[Hygienic quality of the water of public swimming pools--comments on a current German ordinance draft].

In April 2002, a new draft regarding the quality of the water of public swimming pools in Germany was published. This draft was adapted to the new regulations for drinking water in respect of its structure and regulations. Microbiological tests for assessing the quality of bathing water are given priority. With regard to basic differences in facilities for drinking water and such for bath water and to legal aspects, many data (n = 14,425 data) on the practical experience of public health authorities are presented, obtained during the last few years. With regard to the data and in respect of the great delay between sampling and obtaining the results it is concluded that microbiological methods are inappropriate parameters for rapid assessment of the quality of bath water. Hence it is recommended to implement the evaluation of disinfection by chlorination including pH as an indicator for the quality of a bath water, parallel to the guidelines on technical standards. A high frequency of chlorination testing can markedly reduce the number of microbiological tests. Additionally, microbiological tests of the filtrate before disinfection by chlorination are recommended. This procedure has proved successful in legionella control.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1975

Preliminary studies of fluorescent pseudomonads capable of growth at 41 C in swimming pool waters.

During the summer of 1973 cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other fluorescent pseudomonads capable of growth at 41 C were obtained from swimming pool waters at a training center for the mentally retarded. Isolates were subjected to selected physiological tests, pyocine typing, and immunotyping. High counts of P. aeruginosa or other fluorescent pseudomonads consisted mainly of single predominant types. Both P. aeruginosa strains and unidentified fluorescent Pseudomonas strains predominated in pool waters at different times.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Protocol for measuring the endurance capacity of mice in an adjustable-current swimming pool.

We re-examined the methods used in an adjustable-current swimming pool for evaluating the endurance capacity of mice to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility. We found that the BALB/c strain was most suitable to minimize the variation in time taken to swim to the point of fatigue. We found that precise adjustment of the apparatus and the use of three primary swimming trials to select mice before a study made the swimming time more uniform. This procedure was used to establish a more precise evaluation protocol.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Microbiological quality in Finnish public swimming pools and whirlpools with special reference to free living amoebae: a risk factor for contact lens wearers?

To assess the possible risk of microbial keratitis associated with swimming or bathing in public pools, the microbiological quality as well as the presence of free living amoebae in 16 halogenated swimming pools and whirlpools, located in Helsinki, Finland, was determined. Five additional whirlpools situated in the ferries cruising from Finland to Sweden were included in the study. Other parameters investigated were the total bacterial count, identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, measurement of free residual and combined chlorine, potassium permanganate index, urine, pH, and turbidity. Amoebae were detected in 41% of the pool water samples studied. Seven of 11 whirlpools and four of 10 swimming pools were shown to contain amoebae. An Acanthamoeba species was isolated from only one outdoor swimming pool; the other amoebae belonged to the genera Vexillifera, Flabellula, Hartmannella, and Rugipes. Although not a single verified case of Acanthamoeba keratitis has been found in Finland, the findings show that there is a theoretical risk of amoebic and bacterial keratitis associated with swimming or bathing in properly cleaned public pools. Consequently, we do not recommend swimming or bathing with contact lenses.

Amoeba↗
PubMed1989

Training-dependent decay in performance produced by the neuroleptic cis(Z)-flupentixol on spatial navigation by rats in a swimming pool.

Rats were trained on place or cue spatial navigation tasks in a swimming pool and then given the neuroleptic, alpha-flupentixol. Initial experiments showed that regardless of testing schedule, including blocks of trials given concurrently or separated by 7 or 30 days, drugged rats showed a trial-by-trial decay in latency and accuracy of responding although they continued to swim. The rate of decay increased with increases in drug dosage. Further experiments showed that: 1) Performance decay was specifically related to conditioned components of the test environment. Animals required to swim in a different test, or to struggle, showed less decay than rats exposed to the test platform only or required to perform all aspects of the task. 2) Decay was not due to nonspecific effects of neuroleptic treatment because rats injected and replaced in their home cage, and then subsequently reinjected and tested performed like rats treated and tested for the first time. 3) A trial-dependent decay of performance was also obtained in hippocampectomized and decorticate rats, suggesting that at least part of the major action of the drug is on subcortical systems. The results are discussed with respect to hypotheses of neuroleptic action and with respect to their possible relevance to experience-dependent changes in animal analogues of Parkinson's disease. Finally, it is suggested that behavior may be organized in subsystems, which when active, become selectively sensitive to neuroleptics.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Feasibility of extended wear lens use in chlorinated swimming pools.

A group of 14 active swimmers was studied to evaluate corneal and conjunctival health immediately after extended wear contact lenses were worn in a chlorinated swimming pool. Two different lenses, a high (70%) and a low (38%) water content, were used for each subject in order to compare the corneal response to the high and low water content lenses. No significant difference in corneal and conjunctival response was found between the two lenses. Statistically significant differences were seen in corneal thickness and halo size between swimming with and without contact lenses. Corneal superficial erosion was of greater concern under both the control and test conditions, but this is believed to be due to unforeseen experimental design errors. The frequency of contact lens loss in this study was 3.57%. Hence, the conclusion that the rate of loss of hydrophilic lenses in a swimming situation is not the only concern in regard to lens wear during swimming, but there are other important factors such as lens adherence to the cornea and bacterial contamination of the lenses that need to be studied further.

Chlorine↗