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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Psychophysiological changes following auditory subliminal suggestions for activation and deactivation.

This study was to measure eventual psychophysiological changes resulting from auditory subliminal activation or deactivation suggestions. 18 subjects were alternately exposed to a control situation and to 25-dB activating and deactivating suggestions masked by a 40-dB white noise. Physiological measures (EMG, heart rate, skin-conductance levels and responses, and skin temperature) were recorded while subjects listened passively to the suggestions, during a stressing task that followed and after that task. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the activation subliminal suggestions during and following the stressing task. This result is discussed as indicating effects of consciously unrecognized perceptions on psychophysiological responses.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2004

Correlates of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale in delinquent adolescents.

Correlations between scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale and a number of relevant personality characteristics, i.e., intelligence, memory, social inadequacy, social desirability, and fantasy proneness, were examined in a sample of 71 delinquent boys. Analysis showed that intelligence and memory were negatively related to suggestibility scores. That is, lower memory and intelligence were associated with higher suggestibility. No significant correlations were found between suggestibility and other personality characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Misinformation revisited: new evidence on the suggestibility of memory.

In three experiments involving a total of 623 subjects, a series of slides was shown depicting a student in a college bookstore stealing a variety of items. Next, subjects read a narrative describing the event that contained some misinformation and some neutral information about several critical details. Finally, subjects took a memory test. On this test, subjects were asked to list exemplars of 20 specified categories but were instructed not to list any items that they saw in the slide sequence. Analogous to Lindsay's (1990) adaptation of Jacoby, Woloshyn, and Kelley's (1989) "logic-of-opposition" paradigm, the tendency to report suggested details was thus set in opposition to the ability to remember the source of those details. Therefore, we interpreted failure to include suggested details as exemplars as evidence that subjects believed those details had been present in the event. Analysis of subjects' responses under opposition instructions suggests that some misled subjects come to genuinely believe that they saw items that, in reality, were only suggested to them.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A study of the suggestibility effect on eyewitness testimony: discussion on the integration and the coexist hypothesis].

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether or not the eyewitness suggestibility effect might be obtained with a recognition memory and a source-monitoring test, when an original event consisted of many pictures. In this source-monitoring test subjects identified the source of their memories. Results showed that the suggestibility effect was obtained in the recognition memory but not in the source-monitoring test, suggesting that misleading postevent information did not impair memory of the original event. The results also indicated that the eyewitness suggestibility effect might be caused by misled subjects' decision rather than their integrated memory representation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The current situation and issues of medical English education and suggestions toward improvement--reports from the 5th meeting of the Japan Society for Medical English Education].

This is a report from the 5th academic meeting of the Japan Society for Medical English Education held at Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare on August 3rd and 4th of 2002. It also includes a course description of our English courses, their problems and some suggestions for improvement. First, I report several papers presented at the meeting that are useful and suggestive for the English education at our university in order to bring them to everyone's attention and to improve our English program. The topics of the papers include; what "Medical English" is; reports of English courses taught by medical doctors; reports of English courses for developing specific proficiencies such as listening, writing summaries and delivering oral presentations. Next, I give a course description of our present English program and point out some problems that should be dealt with. In this connection, I make several suggestions for future improvement. Lastly, I refer to the "strategies to educate the Japanese who can use English", which were proposed recently by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and suggest our improvement be in line with these strategies.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1976

New methods for determining suggestibility.

New method for determining suggestibility is described which elicits anesthesia in the finger tips by verbal suggestion. Suggestion is applied during simultaneous tapping and the effect is evaluated by feelings in the active hand or fingers (besides changes in feeling) and by motor disturbance (inhibition). The first results are reviewed which indicate that though the method has a relatively high threshold it can disclose also some intergroup differences. We believe that this is an objective method, its objectivity is primarily due to the fact that the investigated subject cannot anticipate what kind of result the suggestion is supposed to yield.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Hypnotic effect in individuals with varying degree of suggestibility].

The paper presents the results of the investigation concerning time and space organization of brain cortex electric activity and peculiarities of autonomic regulation of cardiac functions in 19 healthy individuals, which had a pronounced intention to counteract of hypnotic influence. Taking into consideration the reactions to hypnosis, these individuals were divided into three groups: predisposed to hypnotic suggestion, sensitive (intermediate group) and resistant to hypnotic suggestion. In predisposed individuals there were more pronounced sympathetic influences on cardiac functions and less spectral power of all EEG rhythms, except beta 2-rhythm. In individuals resistant to hypnotic suggestion there was more pronounced alpha-rhythm in brain cortex, while sympathetic influences on the cardiac functions were not so pronounced. All individuals reacted to hypnotic suggestion by a decreasing of the representation of alpha-rhythm and by diminishing initial interhemispheric asymmetry. However, a share of beta-rhythm was increased in predisposed individuals and of theta-rhythm in resistant individuals. In posthypnotic state in resistant persons the correlations of initial EEG rhythms were completely recovered, while in the individuals from the other groups a recovery was observed only in separate EEG frequencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of different therapeutic suggestions presented during anaesthesia on post-operative course.

A double-blind, randomized study was conducted to examine the effect of different types of therapeutic suggestions, administered during general anaesthesia, on post-operative course. Eighty-two patients undergoing cholecystectomy were intra-operatively exposed to either affirmative and non-affirmative suggestions, affirmative or non-affirmative suggestions separately, or some irrelevant text. Patients who had received both affirmative and non-affirmative suggestions spent less time in hospital than patients in the other three groups. No significant differences were demonstrated for subjective well-being measured on the third and sixth days.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

Outcome of habit cough in children treated with a brief session of suggestion therapy.

Nine patients with habit cough, initially misdiagnosed as asthma, were treated during a period of sustained repetitive symptoms with a brief session of suggestion therapy. Symptoms had previously been present for up to 2 years (median = 2 months). Five had been hospitalized for the cough. Evaluation revealed no physiologic or radiologic abnormality. All patients became symptom free during a 15-minute session of suggestion therapy. During the subsequent week, one remained completely asymptomatic and 8 had transient minor relapses that were readily self-controlled. Seven of the 9 could be contacted for determination of long-term outcome at periods up to 9 years (median 2.2 years) after the session. Six were totally asymptomatic; one had occasional minor self-controlled symptoms. A standardized questionnaire assessing psychologic symptoms at the time of follow-up revealed no somatization nor emotional distress. In contrast to this apparent cure, others have reported extended periods of continued symptoms in the absence of a uniform treatment plan for suggestion therapy even though the correct diagnosis was made. We conclude that the classical habit cough syndrome is amenable to immediate relief and long-term cure in most cases with a single session of appropriate suggestion therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Therapy and suggestion].

Therapy and suggestion are closely related. That is clear for the ancient time: primitive medicine gives a good place to the Word. In plant, animal or mineral remedies, the suggestion is clearly preponderant. Towards the end of the 19th century, the "Ecole de Nancy" sets up a real theory of the suggestion, and Bernheim, its leader, bases hypnosis, then psychotherapy on this concept. Thereafter Coué will bring up the "conscious autosuggestion". Today, despite the progress of scientific medicine, the part of suggestion is still very important in medical therapy (with or without drugs), or in chirurgical therapy; this part is also very important in psychotherapies, whatever has been said in this field. This has to be known and used consciously in the doctor-patient relation, which is always essential in the therapeutic effectiveness.

Autosuggestion↗
PubMed1983

Asthma and suggestion: psychological or physical?

The effect of suggestion on the airway response to ten inhalations of normal saline followed by doubling concentrations of isoprenaline was assessed in 12 normal and 30 asthmatic subjects. It was suggested that the first 5 saline solutions contained a bronchoconstrictor and the second 5 a bronchodilator, or vice-versa, and that the first four isoprenaline solutions were inert whilst the last was a bronchodilator. Nine asthmatic but no normal subjects bronchoconstricted after saline inhalation with a mean 40% fall in specific airway conductance (sGaw). This was dose-dependent and abolished when inhalations were carried out at 37 degrees C 100% relative humidity. Suggestion did not affect the airway response to saline or isoprenaline in either group. We conclude that bronchoconstriction following saline inhalation, previously attributed to the effect of suggestion, is caused by airway cooling.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of suggestion in the psychoanalytic therapies.

The concept of suggestion in the psychoanalytic therapies is considered as it appears in the literature and in current practice. Bibring's definition of the technique of suggestion is extended differentiating overt and covert suggestion from the effects of unconscious transference fantasies. The use of suggestion as a technique is viewed as antithetical to the aims of exploratory psychoanalytic therapy and presents serious problems in the resolution of transference issues when it is used either inadvertently or as a parameter of the therapy.

Communication↗
PubMed1993

Effect of preoperative suggestion on postoperative gastrointestinal motility.

Autonomic behavior is subject to direct suggestion. We found that patients undergoing major operations benefit more from instruction than from information and reassurance. We compared the return of intestinal function after intra-abdominal operations in 2 groups of patients: the suggestion group received specific instructions for the early return of gastrointestinal motility, and the control group received an equal-length interview offering reassurance and nonspecific instructions. The suggestion group had a significantly shorter average time to the return of intestinal motility, 2.6 versus 4.1 days. Time to discharge was 6.5 versus 8.1 days. Covariates including duration of operation, amount of intraoperative bowel manipulation, and amount of postoperative narcotics were also examined using the statistical model analysis of covariance. An average savings of $1,200 per patient resulted from this simple 5-minute intervention. In summary, the use of specific physiologically active suggestions given preoperatively in a beleivable manner can reduce the morbidity associated with an intra-abdominal operation by reducing the duration of ileus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Suggestive linkage of chromosome 10p to schizophrenia is not due to transmission ratio distortion.

The genome scan of the European-American schizophrenia families from the Human Genetics Initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) reported a suggestive linkage to chromosome 10p. Subsequently, Paterson and Petronis [1999] reported evidence for transmission ratio distortion on 10p to females. They suggested that transmission ratio distortion to females might have created spurious evidence for linkage to 10p. To address this issue, we reanalyzed our 10p data using only male-male affected sibling pairs. The two chromosome 10p markers that gave the most evidence for linkage in our prior report continued to show evidence for linkage: D10S1423 (NPL Z = 3.0, P = 0.001) and its neighbor D10S582 (NPL Z = 2.9, P = 0.002). These data suggest that our prior report of suggestive linkage of schizophrenia to markers on 10p cannot be attributed to the transmission ratio distortion to females reported by Paterson and Petronis. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:607-608, 1999.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10↗
PubMed1997

Expression of GDNF and its receptors in developing tooth is developmentally regulated and suggests multiple roles in innervation and organogenesis.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a recently identified survival factor for several populations of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system that also regulates kidney development. To study the roles of GDNF in the regulation of tooth innervation and formation, we analyzed by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of GDNF and its receptors Ret, GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRalpha-1), and GFRalpha-2 from the initiation of first molar formation to the completion of crown morphogenesis. At the time of trigeminal axon ingrowth, GDNF mRNAs were expressed in the mesenchyme around the tooth germ (i.e., target field of the dental innervation), suggesting that it is involved in the regulation of the embryonic tooth innervation. This hypothesis was supported by the ability of GDNF to induce neurite outgrowth from embryonic day 12 (E12) to E15 trigeminal ganglia. This timing correlated with the appearance of Ret in the subset of cells in the trigeminal ganglion at E12, whereas GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2 receptors were constantly expressed in trigeminal ganglion during E11-E15. After birth, GDNF expression showed apparent correlation with the ingrowth and presence of trigeminal nerve fibers in the tooth, suggesting that GDNF is involved in the regulation of innervation of the dental papilla and dentin postnatally. Ret, GFRalpha-1, and GFRalpha-2 mRNAs were expressed in the dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells at stages when epithelial-mesenchymal signalling regulates critical steps of tooth morphogenesis. Ret and GFRalpha-2 were colocalized in the dental mesenchyme during bud and cap stages. Expression of GFRalpha-1 associated with the formation of the epithelial enamel knot, which is a putative embryonic signalling center regulating tooth shape. During postnatal development, GDNF and its receptors were expressed in dental papilla mesenchyme. In addition, GDNF and GFRalpha-1 transcripts were seen in the preodontoblasts and odontoblasts, suggesting that they may be involved in differentiation and maintenance of functional properties of the odontoblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that GDNF acts as a target-derived neurotrophic factor during tooth innervation. In addition, GDNF and its receptors may have nonneuronal organogenetic functions during tooth morphogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Suggestive evidence for association of the circadian genes PERIOD3 and ARNTL with bipolar disorder.

Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is suspected to arise in part from malfunctions of the circadian system, a system that enables adaptation to a daily and seasonally cycling environment. Genetic variations altering functions of genes involved with the input to the circadian clock, in the molecular feedback loops constituting the circadian oscillatory mechanism itself, or in the regulatory output systems could influence BPAD as a result. Several human circadian system genes have been identified and localized recently, and a comparison with linkage hotspots for BPAD has revealed some correspondences. We have assessed evidence for linkage and association involving polymorphisms in 10 circadian clock genes (ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY2, CSNK1epsilon, DBP, GSK3beta, NPAS2, PER1, PER2, and PER3) to BPAD. Linkage analysis in 52 affected families showed suggestive evidence for linkage to CSNK1epsilon. This finding was not substantiated in the association study. Fifty-two SNPs in 10 clock genes were genotyped in 185 parent proband triads. Single SNP TDT analyses showed no evidence for association to BPAD. However, more powerful haplotype analyses suggest two candidates deserving further studies. Haplotypes in ARNTL and PER3 were found to be significantly associated with BPAD via single-gene permutation tests (PG = 0.025 and 0.008, respectively). The most suggestive haplotypes in PER3 showed a Bonferroni-corrected P-value of PGC = 0.07. These two genes have previously been implicated in circadian rhythm sleep disorders and affective disorders. With correction for the number of genes considered and tests conducted, these data do not provide statistically significant evidence for association. However, the trends for ARNTL and PER3 are suggestive of their involvement in bipolar disorder and warrant further study in a larger sample.

ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
PubMed2005

Dynamics of DNA repair suggested by the subcellular localization of Brca1 and Brca2 proteins.

The localization of proteins to specific subcellular compartments often reveals clues regarding their biological functions. Although significant progress has been made towards understanding how damaged DNA is repaired, experiments to date have primarily focused on signal transduction pathways that activate DNA repair protein complexes and on how these complexes are assembled. Current evidence suggests that certain DNA repair processes are spatially organized such that aberrant DNA structures can be brought into proximity with DNA repair proteins at fixed sites. Since biochemical evidence suggests that the tumor suppressor proteins, Brca1 and Brca2, may mediate the assembly of protein complexes involved in the repair of damaged DNA, we have performed subcellular fractionation experiments to determine the subnuclear localization of these proteins. The majority of Brca1 and Brca2 proteins were found to interact tightly with the nuclear matrix. Furthermore, within the limits of detection, localization of Brca1 and Brca2 to the nuclear matrix was not altered following treatment of cells with DNA damaging agents that activate homology-mediated double-stranded DNA break and transcription-coupled repair pathways. Our findings suggest that Brca1 and Brca2 may perform their DNA repair-related functions from positions that are anchored to the nuclear matrix. These data are consistent with proposed models that suggest that components of specific repair complexes residing on the nuclear matrix function to recruit damaged DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Increase in macrophages in the testis of cathepsin a deficient mice suggests an important role for these cells in the interstitial space of this tissue.

Cathepsin A (PPCA) is a lysosomal carboxypeptidase that functions as a protective protein for alpha-neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase in a multienzyme complex. In the present study, the testes of PPCA -/- mice from 2 to 10 months of age were compared with those of their wild type counterparts. While germ and Sertoli cells appeared comparable in appearance and distribution, the mean profile area of seminiferous tubules showed a significant decrease between wild type and PPCA -/- mice, suggesting changes to the seminiferous tubules and their contents. In addition, macrophages in the interstitial space (IS) of PPCA -/- mice were large, spherical, and filled with pale lysosomes, unlike those seen in wild type mice, and a quantitative analysis of their frequency per unit area of IS in PPCA -/- mice revealed a significant increase compared to that of wild type mice; this was also the case for their mean profile area. Absence of mitotic figures, cycling cells, or degenerating figures in the IS suggests that the major recruitment of macrophages appears to be from the circulation. In the IS, Leydig cells also showed an accumulation of large pale lysosomes in PPCA -/- mice, and their frequency also increased significantly as compared to wild type mice. In the electron microscope, a close association of Leydig cell microvilli with the surface of macrophages was pronounced in PPCA -/- mice. Since macrophages and Leydig cells interact by secreting various factors between each other, and considering the fact that Leydig cells show an accumulation of large pale lysosomes in PPCA -/- mice, it is suggested that macrophages accumulate as a result of abnormalities occurring in Leydig cells. Taken together, the data on increase in frequency of macrophages suggests important functions for these cells in both wild type and PPCA -/- mice.

Animals↗