SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Stridor due to obstructive causes is relatively common. Functional airway obstruction with paradoxical vocal cord motion is uncommon. Only 12 cases have been reported in the literature in the past 15 years. The majority were young female patients. We have recently encountered two cases. Lack of awareness of this condition caused several problems in management.
Acute dilatation of the oesophagus causing stridor is rare. A case is presented and the literature is reviewed with emphasis on the management of this problem.
We present a patient with established histiocytosis who developed dysphagia, retching, regurgitation, hoarseness and stridor. These symptoms were managed with carbon dioxide laser vaporization, electively on three occasions, and once as an urgent procedure, while awaiting radiotherapy, to control her airway. Histiocytosis is a rare cause of a number of otolaryngological syndromes, but there has been no previous record of this disease causing laryngopharyngeal symptoms. This paper discusses the classification of histiocytosis, and describes our management of this rare and intriguing case.
We report an unusual case of unilateral vocal fold palsy due to intracranial haemorrhage in a neonate with undiagnosed haemophilia A. Bleeding disorders in neonates are briefly discussed and the importance of a systemic investigation of stridor in children is emphasized.
Neonates with symptoms of stridor from birth, present a difficult diagnostic problem. We have demonstrated that by the use of a laryngeal mask airway in an anaesthetized baby breathing spontaneously, we are able to reach a diagnosis. This is accomplished by the introduction of a rigid fibre-optic endoscope through a Portex swivel connector and visualizing the glottis and larynx.
Upper airway obstruction is always a serious condition. In patients who have previously been irradiated for a laryngeal malignancy, it normally implies either residual or recurrent disease. We report a case of stridor due to invasive laryngeal candidiasis in a patient who had undergone radiotherapy for a T1a N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis eight months earlier. Extensive investigation failed to identify recurrence of disease and the patient responded to prolonged topical antifungal therapy. Infection with Candida species is most frequently found in debilitated or immunocompromised patients. Although cases of upper airway obstruction in children secondary to idiopathic laryngeal candidiasis have been reported, to our knowledge no such presentation has been described in adults. This report highlights the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. Familiarity with candidal infection is important for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the neonatal period may be confined to the eyes, skin and upper aerodigestive tract or may be widely disseminated to other organs, with particular recognition of involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) causing herpes encephalitis (Whitley et al., 1980a, b; Andersen, 1987). Primary laryngeal HSV infection is extremely uncommon. We present a case of acute neonatal stridor secondary to such localized disease and discuss its management.
Sixty children including neonates and infants, with stridor undergoing investigations under general anaesthesia, were studied retrospectively. General anaesthesia was induced using an inhalational technique with halothane and was maintained with propofol infusion without the use of tracheal intubation. The ages ranged from three days to two years and five months. In most of the cases after propofol infusion, there was a slight drop in blood pressure without change in heart rate. This modified technique was found to be satisfactory in most of the cases.
Although foreign body ingestions are common in infants and young children, penetration of the esophagus is a relatively rare event. Timely diagnosis is impeded by the absence of classical symptoms and by the ingestion of radiolucent foreign bodies. The authors present a 17-month-old girl with a 6-month history of inspiratory stridor. An extensive workup found a penetrating radiolucent foreign body at the thoracic inlet.
A 3-month-old boy with a history of intermittent stridor was found to have obstructive emphysema on chest x-ray. Further investigations found a mediastinal mass compressing the carina and left mainstem bronchus. The mass was excised and found to be of tuberculous origin.
BACKGROUND: Vallecular cysts are frequently observed, benign masses of the upper aerodigestiv tract. Usually they appear as harmless and asymptomatic and go unnoticed by the patient. In rare cases, obstructions of the upper airway due to monstrous vallecular cysts may become life threatening. CASE: We report on a 69-year-old otherwise healthy woman with a rapidly progressive history of dyspnea caused by a pedicled vallecular cyst. Increasing stridor prompted emergency surgical resection. CONCLUSION: Vallecular cysts that increase in size can cause dyspnea due to obstruction of the aditus of the larynx. This case demonstrates the need for surgical treatment at an early stage of pedicled vallecular cysts.
Tumours originating from the laryngeal skeleton are a rarity. They occur in most cases in adults aged between 40 and 60 years and are seen four times more often in males than in females. A case study of a congenital chondroma of the larynx is presented that resulted in a connatal stridor. It is emphasised that chondromas of the larynx should be considered in differential diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the larynx. Early excision of the complete tumour with minimal destruction of the adjacent laryngeal tissues is recommended as the treatment of choice.
Obstruction of the oesophagus by a piece of goulash meat resulted in tracheal stenosis in an 18-year-old girl. Because of the history of the illness and information supplied by others, as well as the marked stridor, it was first thought that the tracheal stenosis was at the level of a previous tracheostomy with aspiration, but bronchoscopy revealed marked bulging of the posterior wall of the trachea. Subsequent oesophagoscopy then detected the foreign body, which was removed whole.
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignancy observed in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although KS involves the head and neck in AIDS patients, difficult airway due to KS in an AIDS patient has rarely been reported in the literature. We report a patient with AIDS and cutaneous KS who developed inspiratory stridor and required an emergent tracheostomy. AIDS patients with cutaneous KS should have an assessment of the upper airway even in the absence of airway-related symptoms. If KS is present in the upper airway, fiber optic and/or radiologic studies are indicated to assess the extent of KS, and to define the appropriate interventions.
A 75-year-old woman underwent panendoscopy and excision of a neck "lump". After antagonism of residual neuromuscular block and extubation of the trachea, she developed recurrent upper airway obstruction and stridor, necessitating a permanent tracheostomy. The possibility of vagal nerve involvement or injury should always be considered during excision of neck lumps. Preoperative indirect, atraumatic laryngoscopy by experienced surgeons is essential, as are tracheal intubation and vigilant postoperative observation.
We have presented a classification scheme to help in evaluating the diagnosis of stridor in the pediatric patient. The correct diagnosis can usually be arrived at on the basis of a careful and complete history, physical examination, appropriate radiographic studies and bronchoscopy. The anesthesiologist should be aware of the problems associated with all these conditions. In every instance prompt establishment of an adequate airway is imperative.
A child without chronic stridor and tracheal narrowing was considered to have a primary tracheal abnormality. Computed tomography (CT) identified an aberrant left pulmonary artery originating from the right pulmonary as the cause of the tracheal abnormality. The advantages of CT over conventional studies are discussed.
The patient described had myasthenia gravis manifested by laryngeal stridor after accidental exposure to chlorine gas. The diagnosis was established by correction of abnormal pulmonary function after injection of edrophonium chloride. The patient subsequently had generalized myasthenia gravis. The autoimmune injury causing this disease may have been the chlorine gas exposure, since the temporal relationship is very strong and chlorine is important in the modulation of acetylcholine synthesis.